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Introduction: The proper use of antimicrobials is a challenge in healthcare establishments., Objectives: Describe the detailed antimicrobial consumption profile in 2021-2022. Describe the annual evolutionary profile of the use of antimicrobials in days of therapy/1000 patient days, antibiotic spectrum index/1000 patients days and according to the proportion of days of therapy administered by parenteral route from 2005-2006 to 2021-2022., Method: Descriptive and retrospective study. All patients admitted to our mother-child hospital center between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2022 were included. The study covers the consumption of all antimicrobials through the AWare classification of the World Health Organization and antibiotic spectrum index., Results: A total of 673.9 days of therapy/1000 patients days was calculated in 2021-2022, i.e. 550.8 for antibiotics, 46.5 for antivirals, 67.9 for antifungals and 8.7 for others. A total of 2436 ASI/1000 patient days was calculated in 2021-2021. According to the AWaRe classification, in 2021-2022, 52.1% (287/551) of days of therapy/1000 patients days referred to the "Access" group, 47.8% (263/551) to the "Watch" group and 0.2% (1/551) to the "Reserve" group., Conclusion: This study aims to explore the use of antimicrobials in a mother-child hospital center. It puts into perspective a stable or even slightly decreasing use of a selection of antimicrobials and compares favorably with published data. Antibiotic governance is based in particular on the periodic evaluation of consumption. Our study illustrates different approaches to quantify and describe this use., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Background: Point prevalence surveys (PPS) are potentially useful to measure antimicrobial use across institutions. The objectives of the study were to describe and compare antimicrobial use between pediatric hospitals in Canada., Methods: Fifteen pediatric hospitals all with pediatric infectious diseases service participated in 2 single-day PPS in 2018/19. Children <18 years of age who were inpatients were included. Age, service, clinical diagnosis as well as name, route, and start date for each antimicrobial was collected. Antibiotics were grouped according to the World Health Organization AWaRe classification., Results: There were 3924 inpatient patients-days representing 2729 children and 1195 infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) surveyed. Among non-NICU patients, 1210 (44.3%) received 1830 antimicrobials of which 73.9% were for empiric or pathogen-directed therapy and 25.6% for prophylaxis. The mean proportion of core Access and Watch group antibiotics was 45.8% and 63.5%, respectively, with no differences in means between tertiary and quaternary care sites. Among 1195 infants in NICU, 19.7% received 410 antimicrobials of which 17.1% were for prophylaxis and a mean of 45.4% were Watch group antibiotics. Of patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia, 32.7% received penicillin or aminopenicillins only with variability among sites., Conclusions: PPS of antimicrobial use in Canadian pediatric hospitals revealed a high proportion of Watch group (broader spectrum) antibiotics, even among children with community-acquired pneumonia. This study demonstrates the feasibility of PPS to document antimicrobial use and potentially to use this data to establish goals for decreasing both overall and Watch group antibiotics., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To discuss the concepts of the duty to protect and the associated threat to confidentiality and their impact on practice for Canadian psychiatrists., Method: We review these concepts and provide a synthesis of legal cases impacting psychiatric practice., Conclusion: The onus is on the psychiatrist to make him or herself aware of the current state of the legal obligation with respect to duty to protect. The evolving concept of duty to protect has and will continue to have significant impact on the practice of psychiatry.

During the past two years, the CSHP Research Committee was given the tasks of evaluating the present status of hospital pharmacy research and developing positive recommendations for future action. In order to determine the specific needs and interests of Canadian hospital pharmacists, a survey of the CSHP membership was conducted in April of 1987. Two hundred and twenty-two members (13.1%) responded to the survey. Fifty-six percent (124) of the respondents had completed one or more research projects and 30 percent (66) served as supervisors of at least one research study. Clinical drug studies, particularly DUR and pharmacokinetic projects, were the focus of most of the present research efforts. In addition to DUR and pharmacokinetics, the most popular "wish to do" research topics included pharmaceutics, cost benefit/analysis and other pharmacy practice research topics. The survey respondents indicated a strong desire for CSHP to sponsor research similar to the Workload Measurement Study. The Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists was also requested to provide educational programs and other methods of information dissemination for training in the field of research methodology.