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Worldmaking for and through tourism often produces a reality that is advantageous to some populations and suppressive to others. Indeed, the production of precarious and feminized tourism labor is evidence of the tourism industry's simultaneous reliance upon and re-creation of the system of global capitalism. However, tourism is fundamentally relational, meaning it is constituted by, and relies upon, the very peoples and places it (re)produces. Herein lies the multiplicity and simultaneity of situated tourism life-worlds, as well as the potential for progressive detachment from dominant representations. Ethical worldmaking is presented as a threefold system involving the conception of tourism beyond or outside of global capitalism; the appropriation of our inescapable role in the production of tourism worlds; and the recognition that a multiplicity of tourism community stakeholders simultaneously interprets and shapes tourism worlds according to such intersecting differences as gender, race, class, age, nationality, sexuality, and so forth. Applying this framework to an empirical study, the lived experiences of regionally mobile woman working in tourism provide insight into the tension and contradiction underpinning cultural tourism production in Lunenburg, Canada. Thus, a series of coping strategies are enacted in order to navigate and negotiate their complex positionality, blurring the boundaries between leisure and labor, travel and migration, subjugation and empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big Things—oversized three-dimensional representations of everyday objects, often situated on the roadside—have received minimal academic attention to date, despite being a popular phenomenon across several countries including Australia and Canada. Sometimes dismissed as "lowbrow" or commercialised art forms, they are, in fact, landmarks that can be investigated as material evidence of the identities and values of the communities—local, regional and national—who build, maintain and visit them. This article takes a comparative approach to the 1,075 Big Things in Australia and 1,250 in Canada, revealing chronological, geographical and typological trends that highlight the capacity of these structures to represent their surrounding regions. In doing so, this article also demonstrates the value to be gained through studying Big Things as networks of meaning that evolve over time, reflecting the changing nature of their host societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institut za istrazivanje migracija / Institute for Migration Research (IMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with new development in tourism, especially after the pandemic situation of COVID-19. In the period of economic crises and turmoil tourism places are able to benefit from the positive influence of so called soft and more sustainable values created by the improvement of image, reputation and the quality of destination services, by using of local cultural resources and heritage. The objective of this study is wine tourism, which has become one of the growing niche attractors in specific regions all over the world. In the combination with culinary tourism and cultural tourism offers a specific tourism product not only to the segment of cultural tourists, but tends to be more attractive to the segments of seniors. The study will be focused on two countries, Canada and the case of Brand Niagara Region and Slovakia. The qualitative research has been prepared, especially focused on product development and the innovative promotion strategies. These two countries were chosen due to a personal experience, former research and interest in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the conceptualization of cultural sensitivity in tourism based on an analysis of tourism and social science literatures associated with Indigenous peoples in Canada. The study used a systematic literature review methodology, which consisted of thematically analysing 56 English language, tourism and social science journal articles. Findings indicate that while cultural sensitivity is rarely explicitly defined, several themes are consistently used to illustrate what cultural sensitivity entails or should entail in tourism and other social science encounters. Themes include: (i) respect, (ii) trust, (iii) ethics, (iv) cultural identity, (v) mutual understanding and cultural exchange, (vi) self-determination, governance, and capacity building, and (vii) unique healing, wellness, and spiritual needs. In addition to describing these interrelated themes, the study proposes a definition of cultural sensitivity in tourism tethered to the contexts of Indigenous peoples in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Festivals are emerging as one of the most attractive events in the tourism industry as their cultural and social wealth can contribute to the general promotion of a destination. Increased desire by communities to behave more responsibly has encouraged more sustainability-focused strategies on the part of festival organizers and have stimulated other industry stakeholders towards such actions. Accordingly, understanding what ecological behaviors might contribute to encouraging festival attendance can be important to planning a festival. In this regard, the main purpose of this research was to investigate real life environmentally sustainability tendencies of festivalgoers and their attitude towards attending environmentally sustainable festivals. Survey data were collected from 849 Canadian respondents who had attended a festival at least once in 2017. Our findings illustrate that a positive attitude towards attending a green festival is more strongly predicted by the level of intrinsic voluntary environmental actions that reflect personal commitment than by more mechanistic environmental activities such as waste reduction and recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores visitor perceptions of Indigenous local language use at the Haida Heritage Centre atKay Llnagaay and Haida Gwaii Museum. We explore visitor expectations of local language use, the meaning and value of language, and their openness to expanded forms of language expression. The objective was to understand the context and limitations in which the Haida could improve local language opportunities using community-based tourism initiatives to their advantage. An Indigenist methodology informed analysis of 27 in-depth visitor interviews and provided insight into three major themes (1) life experience and heritage informs expectations, (2) [It's a] “Means of Communication” masks a deeper understanding of language, and (3) creating a meaningful space for local language engagement. The findings suggest significant and untapped spaces in which to support the expanded use of culturally appropriate local languages to the well-being of speakers and visitors. Ultimately, visitor affirmation drew on shared experiences of language loss – laying the groundwork for engagement based on the value of language as opposed to its prescriptive use as a commodity. Practical ways forward are given. This research was part of a larger study aimed at encouraging greater visibility and accessibility to Haida language through community-based tourism initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the existing penal tourism literature examines displays at penal heritage sites, little research has explored the work of tour guides within them. Drawing from interviews and observations, this article assesses the styles of tour guides working at penal history museums in Canada. We situate carceral guides' styles along a continuum encompassing those who claim to convey historical facts as well as ones who explicitly engage in staging and performance, which are primarily responsive to penal tourists' expectations for fun and entertainment. In the discussion and conclusion, we address the practical implications of this assessment of guide styles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community investment into culture is important in branding and strengthening of a sense of place. The importance of cultural tourism, due to aging population and an interest in more sophisticated tourism products, is growing. It is crucial not only to educate people, but to support their attachment to destinations and willingness to co-operate. There might be obstacles in a community with a different cultural or religious background. Some marketing and branding strategies can fail if the insensitive commodification of a place overrides sustain ability in tourism development. St. Jacobs in Canada is a good example of a sensitive approach to cultural tourism in a combination of rural and agritourism. The purpose of this case study is to point out at the possibilities of development of cultural tourism in culturally sensitive places and to build an attractive cultural product, e.g. to preserve a sustainable environment and apply marketing principles. For this reason, a strategic innovation concerning the approach to branding places and co-creation of local community with local businesses might be a good initiative. The existing balance of the environment, natural, social and the economic activities of a human society might be a goal of positive approach to cultural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a knowledge domain, contemporary indigenous tourism is framed in reference to cultures conventionally recognized as ‘indigenous,’ and engages this almost exclusively from a supply-side perspective. This paper reimagines indigeneity and indigenous tourism as embracing also the other 94% of global population. From a utilitarian perspective, this inclusion of ‘nonconventional indigenous people’ harbors opportunities to advance the sustainability agenda by reconnecting modern mainstream cultures, through personal exposure in dispersed settings, with ancestral roots and associated sustainable livelihoods. Such reconnections are framed as a form of re-indigenization that may be especially attractive to ‘travel promiscuous’ diasporic populations such as those found in the ‘settler’ countries of Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Articulation of this concept could be facilitated by existing knowledge domains and products in heritage tourism, rural tourism, and urban tourism, as well as sustainable tourism. Rather than usurping conventional indigenous efforts to re-indigenize and re-empower, it is contended that the nonconventional dimension can coexist with and even reinforce the latter, while enriching the dimensions of indigenous tourism as a dynamic knowledge domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses an online forum on Indigenous Community-Based Economic Development (CED), in which twenty-two participants from Canada and Latin America shared and reflected on experiences ranging from cultural tourism in Bolivia to a food processing co-op in Northern British Columbia. The forum demonstrated that at least some Indigenous peoples in Canada and Latin America share common values that guide the kind of development they want in their territories and communities; and that their orientation toward collective and participatory approaches to development can be grouped together under the concept of CED. The article has two main conclusions. First, that CED can be understood as a potential path to Indigenous-defined development and complement to self-determination movements. Second, that online media is a viable option for creating spaces for learning and exchange between Indigenous peoples across national and language borders, with the potential to contribute to the creation of translocal networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of British Journal of Canadian Studies is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current heritage landscape in Canada was shaped between 1980 and 2008 by provincial legislation and grants, by federal government influence and funding, by private provincial and federal foundations, but most important of all by the realities of the property development and the opposition and foresight of local community action groups. The ability of government to make any real change was tempered by the belief that less government was better and that the forces of the marketplace were best placed to do - termine the shape of a society and its heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ten years ago, the model of creative destruction was developed to predict the fate of communities that base their development on the commodification of rural heritage (Mitchell, C.J.A., 1998. Entrepreneurialism, commodification and creative destruction: a model of post-modern community development. Journal of Rural Studies 14, 273–286). Its application to the village of St. Jacobs, Canada, demonstrated that entrepreneurial investment had fostered the creation of a setting for aestheticized consumption. In this paper we demonstrate that creative destruction has continued to unfold in the village over the course of the past decade. The evolutionary path taken is assessed in light of current literature on rural space. It is concluded that to fully understand the transformative process, one must integrate the demands of myriad sub-cultures, whose social relations, ideologies and actions will contribute to the development of a contested landscape of consumption. This finding necessitates that modifications be made to the model and its various stages. The most significant is recognition that the “heritage-scape” is an interim state of landscape change; one that displaces the productivist landscape of the industrial period, and precedes the creation of the “neo-productivist” leisure-scape of post-industrialism. Whether or not such a “final” state is achieved is dictated by the power struggle that inevitably arises amongst sub-cultures engaged in the transformation of rural space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recently, scholars have begun to explore questions of regionalism and regionalization in rural contexts. Regionalism is often understood and presented as a pragmatic solution to intractable problems of fragmentation, inefficiency, accountability, spillover and neglect in the face of economic restructuring and other external threats. These arguments have long been deployed in the top-down restructuring of rural public administration; for example, the amalgamation of service districts to keep schools, hospitals and other facilities open in the face of declining population. At the same time, regionalization may be understood as a ‘means’ or process of becoming through the formation of new and shared regional identities, “structures of expectation” and institutions. Between 1996 and 2004 the number of municipalities in the Canadian Province of Ontario was reduced by more than 40 percent from 815 to 445. Evidence suggests that many of these amalgamations were undertaken reluctantly. In this paper we examine the issue of regionalism from the perspective of one rural municipality—the former silver mining centre of Cobalt, Ontario—that has resisted amalgamation. We argue that its resistance to amalgamation is a consequence of the conflictual social relationships that have been inscribed into the landscape over the past century. Using documentary and archival materials, supplemented by contemporary survey and ethnographic data, we trace how successive generations of miners, mine-owners, government officials, politicians and residents have constructed Cobalt as a distinct place. We show that this oppositional identity belies the extent to which the town and its citizens are embedded in regional housing, labour and consumer markets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada saw rapid growth in heavy industry at the turn of the 20th century. The industries were in severe decline by the 1960s. To stabilize economic shrinkage as a result of job losses in coal and steel, the federal government, through two Crown corporations, developed strategies to create a fully stratified tourism cluster. The research examines the growth of the tourism cluster in Cape Breton, noting early investments in infrastructure, large-scale programmes to attract private investment, recognition of the role of cultural tourism and the development of a segmented marketing programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the limits of the power of heritage discourse by looking at how the Heritage Minutes, the series of television commercials sponsored by Historica Foundation, circulate in popular culture. What kinds of meanings are produced about Canada by others as they read the Minutes? Specifically, I look at satiric reactions to the Minutes to account for the possibility of re-imagining Canadian heritage, I argue that the comedic rendition of Canadian heritage speaks to the incongruity between the dominant language of national identity and the varied and multiple experiences of difference and inequality that historicize and politicize counter-narratives of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aboriginal cultural tourism is a potentially high-growth segment of the Canadian tourism industry that is currently enjoying widespread demand among Europeans, especially German visitors. This paper uses a discourse analysis approach to examine the tourist encounter at various Aboriginal tourist sites in southern Alberta. It analyses the negotiation of "Indianness" and Indian culture by both Native interpreters and foreign visitors. These negotiations are shown to be informed by the primitivist discourse that, ironically, reinforces the Enlightenment notion of the "noble savage." We argue that, despite its colonialist and essentialist aspects, the primitivist discourse can nevertheless function as a strategy of resistance to a social system viewed by many First Nations as politically oppressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the role of cultural tourism in enhancing urban global competitiveness based on the 'Barnes Exhibit' in Toronto, Ontario. Association of urban cultural products with improved quality of life; Demography of visitors; Illustration of the value-added nature of special events.

This study examines visitor responses to cultural presentations at the Cowichan Native Village on Vancouver Island, Canada. A self-completed survey was used to collect information from 496 Canadian and international visitors at the Native Village. The results provide a cultural profile of visitor experiences and satisfaction with a native-owned tourist attraction. Descriptive statistical analysis found that two key factors providing a genuine visitor experience of native culture were learning about Cowichan history and contact with Cowichan staff. The study provides additional information on visitors at indigenous cultural theme parks and enhances understanding of the cultural tourism market in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the designation of heritage areas, property values and the role of local authority policy is examined through the case of Canada's oldest and largest Heritage Conservation District, St. John's Newfoundland. Investment in renovation by public authorities and individuals is a risky undertaking which does not necessarily result in private and public gains. The causes of the failure of the St. John's Heritage Conservation Area (HCA) to generate private property investment for renovation and enhancement of the historic district are investigated. Conclusions are drawn about the relationship of local authority goals and policies and private initiatives so that the preconditions for possible success and the minimising of risk, of relevance elsewhere, can be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourists today are increasingly seeking new and die, rent experiences beyond those provided within 'three S' destinations and traditional holiday places. Heritage appeal within destinations is capturing the interest of a more mature and discerning market. Canada as a destination is well placed to benefit from this trend, marketing heritage over other forms of travel experience. This paper is in three parts. First, a discussion of heritage tourism in Canada is presented that stresses diversity over the myth of a product base that is limited around a few themes, namely Mounties, mountains and moose. Secondly, principles of sustainable heritage tourism are advanced that include authenticity and quality, conserving and protecting the resource base, provision of learning as integral to the experience, and the development of partnerships between hosts, guests and managers. Thirdly, based on field visits undertaken in 1998 to sites containing cultural and heritage tourism attractions within the provinces of Ontario (mainly the south-western region) and Alberta, these principles are examined and discussion is provided on the challenges managers of sites face in implementing such principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the transformation of the Niagara-on-the-Lake heritage shopping village in Ontario. Creation of heritage landscapes; Impact of business investment on rural landscape; Factors affecting the quest for nostalgia; Attitude of rural residents to tourism.