109 results on '"EMISSIONS trading"'
Search Results
2. Impacts of the Québec carbon emissions trading scheme on plant-level performance and employment.
- Author
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Hanoteau, Julien and Talbot, David
- Subjects
- *
CARBON offsetting , *EMISSIONS trading , *PLANT capacity , *CARBON taxes , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
In 2013, Québec implemented a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading system (QC ETS), despite opposition from industry, which feared loss of competitiveness and warned about job destruction. This article assesses the impact of that carbon regulation on industrial facilities in Québec. Conditional difference-in-differences ordinary least squares regressions show that regulated plants reduced their GHG emissions by about 9.8%, employment by about 6.8% and carbon intensity by about 3.7% more compared to non-regulated plants in the rest of Canada during the period 2013–2015. This suggests that facilities adapted to the new program by improving their technology, but first and foremost by scaling down their activity, which raises questions about the ability of the QC ETS to induce enough environmental investment and innovation in industrial facilities. The results, in terms of employment effects, contrast with the findings of similar studies on the early stages of the European ETS and the British Columbia carbon tax scheme, and this information challenges the initial allocation scheme for permits, in particular, with a view to a green fiscal reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A comparison of carbon emission trading systems in New Zealand and Canada: Diversity is not a virtue in carbon law and policy
- Author
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Fluker, Shaun
- Published
- 2015
4. The Short-Run Household, Industrial, and Labour Impacts of the Quebec Carbon Market.
- Author
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BARRINGTON-LEIGH, CHRISTOPHER, TUCKER, BRONWEN, and LARA, JOAQUIN KRITZ
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *EMISSIONS trading , *INCOME inequality , *POLLUTION & economics , *ECONOMIC history ,QUEBECOIS politics & government - Abstract
Resistance to the implementation of greenhouse gas pricing policies comes in part from fears about the concentrated impacts on certain industries, certain regions, and on less affluent households. These distributional concerns are valid and, to be fair, policy can accommodate some transitional measures to soften the impact of sudden policy changes. However, the carbon pricing policy recently instituted in Quebec, in partnership with California under the Western Climate Initiative, is relatively modest in price targets, gradual in implementation, and has the capacity to spend revenues on transitional and impact-mediating programs for the labour market and households. We analyze the expected short-run impacts of the policy, focusing on equity in two domains: the household income distribution and labour in different industrial sectors. Our analysis focuses on the short-term effects, before capital is significantly reallocated, and before most substitution toward lower-carbon or imported goods has happened. For reasonable prices and pass-through levels, and modelling direct and indirect emissions, we bracket these impacts, finding modest effects in all cases. Generous permit handouts to incumbents are likely to result in some windfall profits. Quebec would benefit from greater transparency in the intended allocation of the Green Fund revenues. Overall, the policy appears tuned to provide a balance of price predictability, steady decarbonisation, and manageable transition costs, but could likely be more aggressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, PINE BEETLES AND HUMANS: THE ECOLOGICALLY MEDIATED DEVELOPMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA'S CARBON TAX.
- Author
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SODERO, STEPHANIE
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ACTOR-network theory , *MOUNTAIN pine beetle , *ECONOMICS , *EMISSIONS trading ,BRITISH Columbia politics & government - Abstract
In 2008, the province of British Columbia was an early mover in North America introducing a broad-based and escalating carbon tax. This article explores the interface between the human and non-human environment that resulted in this policy outcome. I use Actor-Network Theory, with its emphasis on the co-construction of human and non-humans, to describe, inform, and problematize the way humans relate to the non-human environment. Drawing on a post-humanist Latourian perspective, I examine the interlocking relationship between "chemical reactions and political reactions." I explore five examples of human and non-human mediation in the development of British Columbia's carbon tax: environmental pricing, the beetle epidemic, political economy, emissions accounting, and emotion. Applying Actor-Network Theory to the case of British Columbia's carbon tax disrupts traditional anthropocentric approaches to policy development, highlighting the role of the non-human environment in shaping, rather than simply being shaped by, policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Constitutionality of a Federal Emissions Trading Regime.
- Author
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Sheffield, Kai D.
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,ENVIRONMENTAL law ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,CRIMINAL law ,COMMERCIAL law ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
The article examines the potential constitutional bases for Canada's emissions trading regime. It provides an overview of the three heads of Canada's federal power such as the criminal law, trade and commerce, and the national concern branch of the peace, order, and good governance power. Information about the government's explicit policy about greenhouse gas reduction is presented.
- Published
- 2014
7. Carbon Pricing Options for Canada.
- Author
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Schott, Stephan
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *ENERGY industries , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *CLIMATE change prevention , *EMISSIONS trading , *ENERGY policy , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The paper discusses energy links between Canada, the United States, and Mexico and the state of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-reduction policies. A review of GHG reduction policies reveals fragmented approaches with political stalemates at the national level. Closely integrated North American energy markets are potentially changing in different directions. While Canada is contemplating more diversification of energy trade, the United States is increasingly relying on domestic supply of energy and will soon be a net exporter of energy. The paper argues that carbon pricing needs to be harmonized in conjunction with trade flows and elaborates on how current, fragmented carbon pricing initiatives could be turned into a more harmonized carbon pricing system. It provides arguments in support of a binding absolute emissions cap with limited safety valves and price floors in a North American emissions-trading program. It also discusses lessons learned from the EU GHG emissions-trading system and their implications for the design of North American cap-and-trade regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Tale of Two Taxes: The Fate of Environmental Tax Reform in Canada.
- Author
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Harrison, Kathryn
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *CARBON taxes , *EMISSIONS trading , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change , *GREEN movement , *TAX reform , *TWENTY-first century ,BRITISH Columbia politics & government - Abstract
Policy makers who embrace market-based approaches to environmental regulation, typically eschew carbon taxes in favor of the political advantages of cap and trade, which offers lower visibility of costs to consumers and the opportunity to allocate valuable permits freely to industry. Against this backdrop, the article examines two surprising proposals for carbon taxes, by the government of British Columbia (BC) and by the federal Liberal Party of Canada. Both reflected a triumph of party leaders' normative 'good policy' motives over 'good politics.' The BC tax alone succeeded first because it was adopted by a party already in government. Second, the onset of a recession before the next elections shifted voters' attention to the economy, which advantaged the BC Liberals but disadvantaged their federal counterparts. However, proposals for carbon taxes were unpopular in both jurisdictions, offering a cautionary tale concerning the fate of politicians' normative commitments absent electoral backing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Impact of Relative Fuel Prices on CO2 Emission Policies.
- Author
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Macaluso, Nick and White, Robin
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gases , *CARBON taxes , *EMISSIONS trading , *ELECTRICITY , *CARBON dioxide - Abstract
The multi-sector end-use energy model E3MC was used to analyze the energy and greenhouse gas emissions impact of adding a carbon tax to efficiency improvement standards for the residential sector in Canada and the USA. Compared to standards alone, the addition of the tax led to further residential emission reductions in Canada, but attenuated the residential emission reductions in the USA. Examination of the relative residential electricity:natural gas prices demonstrated that the different country impacts were due to an increase in relative prices in the USA, but a decrease in relative prices in Canada that led to opposite shifts in preference for electricity over natural gas in the residential sector. Markedly different impacts of the carbon tax on electricity prices was due to the predominance of hydroelectric power in Canada and coal-fired electric generation in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. CONTINENTAL CAP-AND-TRADE: CANADA, THE UNITED STATES, AND CLIMATE CHANGE PARTNERSHIP IN NORTH AMERICA.
- Author
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Childs, J. Scott
- Subjects
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EMISSIONS trading , *CARBON dioxide , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) - Abstract
The article discusses the crafting of a cap-and-trade system between the U.S. and Canadian for carbon dioxide emissions to preserve North American energy security and promote the development of carbon-reducing technologies. It suggests that a carefully crafted system will decrease North American dioxide emissions at the same time allocate credits to emissions-intensive industries like the oil sands projects in Alberta. It cites the interest of Mexico in joining in a continental cap-and-trade framework as it positions itself as a climate change leader.
- Published
- 2010
11. The Costs of Compliance: A CGE Assessment of Canada’s Policy Options under the Kyoto Protocol.
- Author
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Böhringer, Christoph and Rutherford, Thomas F.
- Subjects
UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,EMISSIONS trading ,ENVIRONMENTAL law ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges ,POLLUTION control costs ,ECONOMIC stabilization - Abstract
Canada has committed itself under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions between 2008 and 2012 on average by six per cent from the base 1990 level. As of 2009, however, Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions are far above its 1990 level which calls for stringent short-term policy measures if Canada is to meet its legally binding commitment. This paper uses a multi-region, multi-commodity static general equilibrium model to quantify the economic impacts of alternative compliance strategies for Canada in the context of climate policies undertaken by other Kyoto parties. The numerical results confirm fears by Canadian policymakers of substantial economic adjustment costs should Canada fulfill its Kyoto commitments solely through domestic action. However, a rigorous use of the project-based CDM on top of international emissions trading could allow Canada to live up to its international climate policy commitment at politically much more tolerable costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Key Questions for a Canadian Cap-and-Trade System.
- Author
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Bramley, Matthew
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,CARBON ,PRICES ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) - Abstract
The article discusses fundamental questions that should be asked of any cap-and-trade system in Canada. These include whether the carbon price is likely to be high enough to reduce Canada's emissions and the recipient of the money when someone pays the carbon price. Key reasons why a Canadian cap-and-trade system needs to be similarly broad are cited.
- Published
- 2009
13. Carbon Pricing, the WTO and the Canadian Constitution.
- Author
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Green, Andrew
- Subjects
CARBON ,PRICING ,CLIMATE change ,TAXATION ,EMISSIONS trading ,TARIFF - Abstract
The article discusses how the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) affect carbon pricing by the Canadian federal government and the provinces. It examines the reasons for the difficulty of addressing climate change for the WTO. Issues how WTO rules limit choices that governments can make for pricing carbon are discussed including taxes, emissions trading and border tax adjustments. Important factors in determining the appropriate climate change policy are cited.
- Published
- 2009
14. Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada.
- Author
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van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Leaitch, W. R., Macdonald, A. M., Walker, T. W., Streets, D. G., Zhang, Q., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Dibb, J. E., Huey, L. G., Weber, R., and Andreae, M. O.
- Subjects
SULFUR ,EMISSIONS trading ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,SULFATES ,SULFUR compounds - Abstract
We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April-May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2μg/m³. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000-2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800-600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500-900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72-85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31μg/m³(∼30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32μg/m³ per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5μg/m³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Permit sellers, permit buyers: China and Canada's roles in a global low-carbon society.
- Author
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Bataille, Chris, Jianjun Tu, and Jaccard, Mark
- Subjects
- *
CARBON offsetting , *EMISSIONS trading , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide , *EMISSION control , *AIR pollution , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
The challenge of creating a global low-carbon society is examined from the perspectives of a slow-growing but highly developed economy (Canada) and a fast-growing developing economy (China). Both countries' responses are compared to a similar carbon price schedule (US$10/tCO2e in 2013 rising exponentially to $100 by 2050) using a hybrid technologically explicit and behaviourally realistic model with macroeconomic feedbacks (CIMS). Then additional measures are imposed based on the national circumstances of each country; for Canada we simulate a 50% reduction by 2050, and stabilization for China. The scale of the challenge in all cases requires that every available option be vigorously pursued, including energy efficiency, fuel switching, carbon capture and storage, and accelerated development of renewables; to compensate, there are significant co-reductions of local air pollutants such as SOx and NOx. Finally, the abatement cost schedules of China and Canada are compared, and implications considered for carbon permit flows if the cost schedule of the rest of the developed world is assumed to be similar to that of Canada. We found that the developed world and China could collectively reduce emissions by 50% in 2050 at a price of $175/ tCO2e, with permits flowing from the developed countries to China; while abatement costs are lower in China up to $75/t, at higher prices reductions are less costly in the developed world. Our results indicate that a global low-carbon society is feasible, on condition that policy makers are willing and able to impose long-term, credible policy packages with carbon pricing policy as the core element, coupled with supplementary regulations to address market failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Regional Incidence of the Costs of Greenhouse Policy.
- Author
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Snoddon, Tracy and Wigle, Randall
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11 ,EMISSIONS trading ,CARBON taxes - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Regional Science / Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales is the property of Canadian Regional Science Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
17. Sinks, Emissions Intensity Caps and Barriers to Emissions Trading.
- Author
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Allan, Travis and Baylis, Kathy
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *EMISSIONS trading , *IMPORT credit , *NONTARIFF trade barriers - Abstract
The European Union (EU) has raised concerns about the use of sinks and an Emissions Intensity system in Canada and has decided not to allow sinks to be included in its trading system. Despite this restriction, the EU has shown interest in expanding its trading system to include other countries such as Japan and Canada, while Canada hopes to use sinks and a domestic trading system with an Emissions Intensity regulatory mechanism to meet its Kyoto GHG commitments. In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the implications of the Emissions Intensity regulations scheme, and then develop a simple credit model with trade to illustrate the effect of a trade ban put in place by the EU, first, when it is fully binding and second, when there are countries that can act to arbitrage both markets (e.g., Japan). We also look at the possibilities of using harmonization frameworks to control trade, as well as using a form of discounting with respect to Canadian credits. We show that it is highly unlikely that a trade barrier will increase the use of emission reduction (and decreased use of sinks), and that, particularly in the likely case that Canada will import credits, trade barriers will actually increase the use of sinks. We do find, however, that the use of discounting could serve as a possible policy alternative to increase the use of EU reductions, while decreasing the quantity of Canadian sink credits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Canadian Agriculture and the Development of a Carbon Trading and Offset System.
- Author
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Thomassin, Paul J.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
Investigates the agricultural system and the development of a domestic emission trading and offset system in Canada. Eligibility and design criteria for offset projects; Development of temporary offset credits; Distribution of transaction costs between projects.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. WHY REGULATORS TURN TO TRADEABLE PERMITS: A CANADIAN CASE STUDY.
- Author
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Wyman, Katrina Miriam
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *POLLUTION - Abstract
Examines the cultural hypothesis as an explanation of the slow progress in implementing emissions trading in Canada. Comparison of the pollution markets with other countries; Implication of national culture on the introduction of emissions trading; Argument on the doubt of cultural hypothesis.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Changing Climate for Emissions Trading in Canada.
- Author
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Haites, Erik and Hussain, Tallat
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Focuses on greenhouse gas emissions trading in Canada. Description of the regulatory programs for greenhouse gas emissions; Voluntary pilot programs for the trading of greenhouse gases; Efforts to design a national greenhouse gas emissions trading program to help meet Canada's Kyoto Protocol commitment.
- Published
- 2000
21. The Kyoto Protocol: Implications of a Flawed but Important Environmental Policy.
- Author
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Rollings-Magnusson, Sandra and Magnusson, Robert C.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *EMISSIONS trading , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
Discusses Canada's policy of supporting the Kyoto Protocol in its current form. Highlights of the Kyoto Protocol; Technical problems and concerns on emission trading program; Danger for Canada of combining international emission trading and foreign business ownership; Negative economic implications of the protocol trading provisions.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Smoke JUMPERS.
- Author
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Grossman, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
CARBON dioxide & the environment , *EMISSIONS trading , *METHANE & the environment , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation on environmental protection - Abstract
The article focuses on the efforts to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the focus in mitigating the less-known group of pollutants, black carbon, methane, and hydroflourocarbons. It mentions the efforts and cooperation of various countries in CO2 mitigation including Bangladesh, Canada, and Sweden. It also offers information on black carbon, is components, and environmental impact.
- Published
- 2012
23. Emission trading with shares and coupons: A laboratory experiment.
- Author
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Muller, R. Andrew and Mestelman, Stuart
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
Reports a laboratory investigation of an emissions trading program proposed for the control of nitrous oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in southern Ontario and Quebec. Modification of the experiment design developed by Cronshaw and Brown Kruse; Simultaneous trading in coupons and shares.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Marketable emission permits: Efficiency, profitability and substitutability.
- Author
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Devlin, Rose Anne and Quentin Grafton, R.
- Subjects
POLLUTION ,EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
Explores two basic questions regarding the use of marketable emission rights as a mechanism for controlling pollutants in Canada. Issue of whether permits should be sold or given away; Issue of what substances should be covered by the permits; Advantages of gratis allocation of transferable permits coupled with rent capture provisions.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Internationalizing the role of domestic pollution permit market...
- Author
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Guha, Aparna
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,TRANSBOUNDARY pollution ,ACID rain - Abstract
Illustrates that the credible functioning of the United States national emission market provides a means of controlling transnational pollution of acid rain in Canada. Acid rain pollution and the American sulfur dioxide permit market; Incentives of the polluted country to retire polluting country's permits; Cost efficiency of retiring sulfur dioxide permits by Canada; Actual performance of the US permit market and implications.
- Published
- 1996
26. Better Bioenergy.
- Author
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Purdon, Mark, Bailey-Stamler, Stephanie, and Samson, Roger
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS energy , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *POLLUTION prevention , *BIOMASS production , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *EMISSIONS trading , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses the criteria related to bioenergy policy in Canada. The Resource Efficient Agricultural Production Canada (REAP-Canada) suggests for the application of four lifecycle performance criteria that should be present at the core in Canada's bioenergy policy. The criteria includes energy return on investments (EROI), greenhouse gas mitigation efficiency, and energy cost effectiveness. The costs of bioenergy options on a per-unit-of -energy basis ($/GJ) is compared through the cost effectiveness criteria. The amount of emissions in the atmosphere is measured as part of the greenhouse gas mitigation efficiency using GHGenius emissions model from Natural Resources Canada. Details related to the criteria are included.
- Published
- 2009
27. The Cost of Carbon Get used to uncertainty, and allow government, not traders, to set the price of carbon.
- Author
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Hyndman, Rick
- Subjects
- *
EMISSION control , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *EMISSIONS trading , *CARBON taxes , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *CARBON offsetting , *AIR pollution - Abstract
The article presents the author's opinion on the issue of carbon emission, carbon trading and pricing for Canada. He considers that in the step of the European Union, Canada should not concentrate on carbon trading and instead should face up to what reducing emissions would cost. Further he asserts that it should be the government, rather than traders that should be allowed to set the prices of carbon. The main reason on his opposing a cost setting, is the uncertainty of price, both in the carbon-tax and cap-and-trade system. He further warns about the alternative means of carbon pricing in Canada, that have emerged due to confusion over objectives, which resultantly hampers a clear assessment of policy designs.
- Published
- 2009
28. The Price of Pollution.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *TAXATION , *EMISSIONS trading , *SUBSIDIES - Abstract
The article discusses the taxation of fossil fuels. According to the authors, the U.S. should take advantage of low coal, gas and oil prices to implement carbon pollution taxation. Details on carbon levies in Canada and on cap-and-trade programs used to discourage pollution in the U.S. are presented. It is suggested that a carbon tax could replace other existing taxes. Subsidies for fossil fuels are also discussed.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Welcome to Kyoto-land.
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *GREENHOUSE gases , *EMISSION control , *EMISSION exposure , *AIR pollution prevention , *TREATIES , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article focuses on the Kyoto treaty on greenhouse-gas emissions. Two hundred and fifty thousand tons of carbon dioxide is an exceedingly tiny amount compared with how much is released by mankind's burning of fossil fuels every day. But consider that those 250,000 tons were traded on October 5th as forward contracts on Europe's fledgling market for carbon-emissions credits, and suddenly the number seems more impressive. After all, a few years ago the very notion of carbon trading seemed fanciful. Indeed, that recent daily amount was more than twice the volume traded in the whole month of August. A big reason for the surge in trading was Russia's decision to ratify the United Nations' Kyoto treaty on climate change. The treaty will soon come into force and remove the cloud that has hung over the domestic rules on carbon emissions that European Union countries have introduced. Industries in most rich countries, notably in the EU, can no longer hope they will ever again be allowed to vent carbon dioxide freely into the atmosphere, as they have done in the past. Because George Bush confirmed his country's rejection of the treaty in 2001, American businesses are not subject to Kyoto rules. That has led Europe's businessmen to ask with increasing urgency whether firms in Kyoto-land, which also includes Japan and Canada, will suffer against rivals in America and in the often overlooked, but energy-guzzling Australia, which also has not ratified the Kyoto treaty. Kyoto need not place a carbon millstone around the neck of Europe's businesses. Indeed, even concerns about developing countries stealing a competitive edge may be overblown. China, which has no obligations under the treaty, is imposing de facto constraints on local industry through seemingly unrelated policies such as tough new fuel-efficiency laws for cars. By embracing Kyoto, the EU might just have given its businesses an edge in the race towards clean energy.
- Published
- 2004
30. Actions Needed to Clean up Mercury Emissions.
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,WATER pollution ,MERCURY poisoning ,RADIOACTIVE pollution of water ,WATER quality management - Abstract
A chapter from the book "Clean the Rain, Clean the Lakes: Mercury in Rain is Polluting the Great Lakes, 1999" is presented. It suggests the actions needed to clean up mercury emissions. It explains that the remedy to the problem is that major sources of mercury must cut their mercury emissions by the maximum amount possible. The U.S. and Canada have also made a commitment in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement to virtually eliminate mercury in the Great Lakes.
- Published
- 1999
31. Time To Talk.
- Author
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Wall, Robert
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *AIRLINE industry , *CLIMATE change , *OPERATING costs - Abstract
The article presents information on the lack of constructive discussions between states on how to handle aviation's impact on climate change. Discussions on expanding emissions trading to aviation appear to be stalled. The stakes for the airline industry are high. Europe wants to include air transport in its emissions-trading scheme, which some argue could add several billion dollars to operating costs as airlines are forced to purchase credits to offset their carbon dioxide production. European governments are generally in favor of charges to force airlines to reduce emissions. In contrast, the U.S., Japan, Canada and the developing world are looking for other approaches.
- Published
- 2006
32. A TAX EVEN A CONSERVATIVE COULD LOVE.
- Author
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SOLOMON, EVAN
- Subjects
- *
CONSERVATIVES , *LEGISLATORS , *CARBON taxes , *TAXATION , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change , *EMISSIONS trading ,CANADIAN politics & government, 1980- - Abstract
The article discusses support among conservatives in Canada for the passage of a carbon tax and government revenue from a cap-and-trade system. The author reflects on legislator Patrick Brown's belief that conservatives should address climate change. Emphasis is given to topics such as offsetting government revenue losses from income tax reduction, meeting greenhouse-gas-emission targets, and the role of ideology in allocating government funds.
- Published
- 2016
33. Climate change policy: Will love prevail?
- Author
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Richards, John
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,POLITICAL campaigns ,CAMPAIGN issues ,EMISSIONS trading ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
The article focuses on description of climate change policy as an issue in election campaigns of Canada. It mentions involvement of Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in emissions trading policies with organization of delegation. It states representation of Canada as OECD country reduction in tax imposition with development of budget. It reports on development of Canada as hydrocarbon resources with increment in greenhouse gas emissions with oil prices as campaign issues.
- Published
- 2016
34. Fun with carbon pricing!
- Author
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WELLS, PAUL
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges , *EMISSIONS trading , *CARBON offsetting , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
The article focuses on Justin Trudeau, leader of the Canadian Liberal Party, and his proposed carbon pricing schemes in the Canadian petroleum market, known as the Canada Green Transfer. Topics include the petroleum industry within Canada in 2015, Trudeau's carbon tax, and public opinion of Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper.
- Published
- 2015
35. Canada, U.S. explore cross-border pollution trading.
- Author
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Pelley, Janet
- Subjects
- *
NITROGEN dioxide , *SULFUR dioxide , *EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
Reports on Canadian and U.S. officials' launch of a study to determine if cross-border trading of nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide could help reduce transboundary air pollution. Aim to model how a potential transboundary trading system would change pollutant emissions and who would buy and sell emission allowances; Criticism from academic and environmental sectors.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Carbon Tax, Carbon Levy.
- Author
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OSENTON, EVAN
- Subjects
CARBON taxes ,CARBON pricing ,EMISSIONS trading ,CLIMATE change prevention ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Published
- 2017
37. Carbon Taxation in Theory and Practice.
- Author
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Duff, David
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *CLIMATE change , *EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
As economist Nicholas Stern declared in his much-publicized report to the U.K. government in the fall of 2006, climate change is "the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen." In order to address this global market failure, economists generally favour two possible policy responses. First, by setting an annual cap on global emissions and requiring emitters to purchase emissions credits either from a regulator or from other emitters, so-called emissions-trading regimes create a price for carbon emissions which creates market incentives for emitters to reduce their emissions and for individuals and enterprises to develop alternative low-carbon technologies. Alternatively, governments can set this price directly through a tax on carbon emissions or (as a close proxy for these emissions) on the carbon content of fossil fuels. Over the past 15 years, governments have experimented with each of these policy approaches.While the ultimate policy goal of capping annual emissions might suggest that an emissions-trading system is preferable to a tax regime, the enormous political challenges to the creation of a global trading system - exemplified by the limited success of the Kyoto Protocol - suggests that carbon taxation might be a more politically feasible strategy to encourage emission reductions over the short term. In addition, as the Stern Report explains, uncertainties about the social costs of carbon emissions and the costs of adaptation to climate change over time might also favour carbon taxation over emissions trading as an initial strategy to reduce GHG emissions. As well, uncertainty about the price for carbon emissions that might emerge under an emissions-trading regime has caused some sectors of the business community to favour a carbon tax which establishes a clear and certain price for emissions.The purpose of this paper is to inform the debate about carbon taxation in Canada and other developed countries by explaining the theoretical case for carbon taxation and reviewing the design and experience with carbon taxation in countries such as the Scandinavian countries and the United Kingdom. The paper should be approximately 40-60 double-spaced pages in length. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
38. HARPER'S CARBON TAX SMOKESCREEN.
- Author
-
WELLS, PAUL
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL campaigns , *CARBON taxes , *EMISSIONS trading , *POLITICAL attitudes - Abstract
The article discusses political dialogue between Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper from the Conservative party and Opposition Leader Thomas Mulcair from the New Democratic Party (NDP) regarding carbon tax versus a cap-and-trade for carbon emissions. Press releases from the conservative party are discussed, in which they claim that Mulcair advocates for a carbon tax. Fall 2012 elections and political campaigning in Canada are also discussed.
- Published
- 2012
39. THE EDITORIAL.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *ECONOMIC development , *EMISSIONS trading ,BRITISH Columbia politics & government - Abstract
The authors argue that British Columbia (B.C.) Premier Christy Clark is correct to stop increases in B.C.'s carbon tax. Topics include criticism of Clark by environmental activists, the creation of a cap-and-trade system in Quebec that may be joined by Ontario, and the impact of a carbon tax on economic growth.
- Published
- 2016
40. Cap and (don't) trade.
- Author
-
Katz, Diane
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,CANADIAN economy, 1991- ,EMISSIONS trading ,GREENHOUSE gases ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article discusses the impact of the American Clean Energy and Security Act to the economy in Canada. It states that the act is aimed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 20% below by year 2020 and 83% below by 2050. It indicates that the proposed legislative act would establish cap-and-trade scheme in the U.S. that could increase the prices of goods in Canada. However, it stresses that the U.S. environmental act could create harm to the Canadian economy.
- Published
- 2009
41. Things folks know that just ain't so.
- Author
-
Vermeulen, Courtenay
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,CLIMATE change ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
The article talks about a proposed cap-and-trade system in the U.S. and Canada to limit carbon emissions in a bid to combat climate change. Cap-and-trade schemes are considered as a market-based alternative to carbon taxes. According to the author, there is a possibility that these schemes would lead to negative and unproductive consequences for businesses, industries and consumers. There has been increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe's public electricity and transport sectors in spite of the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Energy policy analyst William Yeatman of the Competitive Enterprise Institute points out the complexity of controlling emissions from thousands of sources.
- Published
- 2009
42. THE EDITORIAL.
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *GOVERNMENT policy , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy & politics , *CARBON taxes , *EMISSIONS trading ,CANADIAN federal government - Abstract
An editorial is presented on climate change and greenhouse gas mitigation policy in Canada, focusing on political aspects of the issue at the provincial and national levels in the context of the country's federal system of government. It describes two existing province-level policies, a carbon cap-and-trade system in Quebec and a carbon tax in British Columbia, noting they are tailored to protect certain regionally important industries. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is cited.
- Published
- 2015
43. CLOUDY SKIES.
- Author
-
Wahl, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *PREVENTION of global warming , *ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
This article discusses the development of a long-term plan for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions under the auspices of Corporations Canada, which is a subdivision of the Industries Canada department of the Federal Government. The lessons taken by the Canadian government from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme are assessed.
- Published
- 2008
44. Volunteers needed.
- Author
-
Harman, Megan
- Subjects
- *
PREVENTION of global warming , *CARBON offsetting , *EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
This article discusses the need to reduce pollution among small emitters of carbon dioxide despite their non-inclusion in the proposed Canadian framework for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The position of companies including the Carbon Reduction Fund and Zerofootprint Inc. in the voluntary carbon reduction market is considered. Criticism of the carbon offsetting mechanisms is noted.
- Published
- 2008
45. Higher oil prices are no substitute for a carbon tax.
- Author
-
Thompson, David
- Subjects
- *
CARBON taxes , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges , *PETROLEUM industry , *TAX laws , *EMISSIONS trading , *INTERNAL revenue - Abstract
The article discusses the importance of collecting carbon tax through the higher oil prices in Canada. According to the author, the revenues from higher oil prices always goes to big oil companies, it does not go to the owner or to the public. On the other hand, carbon tax revenue is a way in which the government can use it to improve public services and programs for the poor Canadians and even provide a guaranteed minimum income.
- Published
- 2008
46. Future non-shock.
- Author
-
Wahl, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *CARBON offsetting , *EMISSIONS trading , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *COMPUTER software - Abstract
This article discusses software from Carbonetworks Corp., which assists executives in planning for future environmental compliance regulations by mapping out corporate carbon footprints. This subscription based service will be useful as anticipated caps on carbon emissions and markets for trading emissions allowances are designed. The utility of this software in quantifying the financial advantages of different approaches to pollution mitigation is discussed.
- Published
- 2008
47. Emissions trading.
- Subjects
EMISSIONS trading ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,ENVIRONMENTAL law - Abstract
The article presents information on Canada's first national emissions trading system that will be established as per the federal government's new climate change plan, Turning the Corner. The government's Regulatory Framework for Air Emissions document describes the proposed air emissions regulations. The proposed regulations set mandatory, intensity-based greenhouse gas reduction targets for industrial emitters of 18% by 2010.
- Published
- 2007
48. Emission impossible.
- Author
-
Wahl, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS trading , *CANADIANS , *ENVIRONMENTAL law , *AIR pollution , *POLLUTION , *GASES , *GREENHOUSE gases , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) - Abstract
This article focuses on the efforts of Canada to develop a trading platform for greenhouse-gas emission credits. Steve Teller is a man whose job is on hold. He's project manager of the Canadian Climate Exchange, a company that the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange formed two years ago to develop a trading platform for greenhouse-gas emissions credits, which corporations will be able to buy and sell in order to meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol. There is a small swarm of brokers, consultants, fledgling exchanges and other entrepreneurial companies expecting that Canada's Kyoto commitments--to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012--will spawn a new industry around the trading of emission credits. A trading system gives businesses that face pollution restrictions the choice of paying the government for credits, subsidizing emission reduction projects elsewhere, or paying for internal measures that reduce emissions, whichever is cheaper. These are companies in the electricity generation, oil and gas, mining and heavy manufacturing industries, which together are expected to produce about half of Canada's total greenhouse-gas emissions by 2010. The Kyoto Protocol went into effect on Feb. 16, and yet Canada's plan to meet its steep--some say impossible--emission reduction obligations is still not fully known.
- Published
- 2005
49. The emissions-trading trap.
- Author
-
Byfield, Mike
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on climate change , *CARBON dioxide & the environment , *PETROLEUM industry , *EMISSION control , *EMISSIONS trading , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
Discusses the outlook for emissions credit-trading under the proposed Kyoto climate control treaty in Canada. Requirement for Canada to reduce its carbon dioxide output under the treaty; Concern of Canadian petroleum producers that they will be put out of business by European competition due to European emission credits; Proposal of a power transmission grid in Manitoba which would link its hydro development sites to other provinces.
- Published
- 2002
50. Midwest coalition joins fight against emissions.
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *GREENHOUSE gases , *CARBON offsetting , *AIR pollution , *CARBON credits , *EMISSION control , *EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
The article reports on the coalition of the political leaders in the U.S. and in Canada to fight against greenhouse-gas emissionss. It states that six U.S. governors and the premiere of Manitoba in Canada have agreed to cut the emissions and will set up a Midwestern carbon-trading market. According to the World Resources Institute, roughly half of the U.S. population is now covered by some form of greenhouse-gas agreement. Meanwhile, a U.S. appeals court has dismissed a fuel-efficiency regulations established for sports utility vehicles (SUV) and has ordered the administration to strengthen the standards of carbon dioxide emissions.
- Published
- 2007
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