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How Does Learning Happen: Ontario's Pedagogy for the Early Years, the early childhood education framework for Ontario (Canada), aims to guide early-years programs across the province by recognizing children as competent, capable, and curious individuals from diverse backgrounds. The policy highlights the significance of ensuring inclusive learning environments that foster a sense of belonging and enable every child to flourish (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2014). Many Montessori schools across the province share this view (Hunt et al., 2022) and strive for inclusive programs that meet the learning goals of children with special education needs; however, at times, this objective can seem daunting. In this article, we highlight findings from a study involving the educators at one Montessori school focusing on the self-described goal of improving the quality of their inclusive practices through an examination of beliefs and a continuous professional learning process. The main themes identified in the study related to educators' attitudes to inclusion and their beliefs about how the Montessori method challenges inclusion pedagogies. Moreover, we found that educators' understanding and implementation of differentiated instruction (Tomlinson & Imbeau, 2023) was lacking. The results indicate that Montessori educators' inclusive practices and learning environments benefited from participating in ongoing, scaffolded professional learning specifically targeted to their needs and context.

In 2010, the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing, the accrediting body for nursing programs in Canada, became part of the Accreditation of Interprofessional Health Education initiative. In turn, interprofessional education (IPE) is now a requirement in nursing curricula. Although the requirement is formally in place, how it is achieved varies substantially. This paper explores how IPE has been integrated within Canadian nursing programs. Implications for the continuing education of nurses and other health professionals in order to achieve excellence in interprofessional practice are also considered.

The admission of people suffering from psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (E/PAS) in some European and non-European countries represents a controversial issue. In some countries, the initial limitation of E/PAS to cases of severe physical illness with poor prognosis in the short term has been overcome, as it was considered discriminatory; thus, E/PAS has also been made available to subjects suffering from mental disorders. This decision has raised significant ethical questions regarding the capacity and freedom of self-determination; the family, social, and economic contexts; the social consideration of the sense of dignity and the pressure on the judgment of one's personal value; the contextual therapeutic possibilities; the identification of figures involved in the validation and application; as well as the epistemological definitions of the clinical conditions in question. To these issues must be added the situation of legislative vacuum peculiar to different countries and the widespread lack of effective evaluation and control systems. Nonetheless, pessimistic indicators on global health status, availability of care and assistance, aging demographics, and socioeconomic levels suggest that there may be further pressure toward the expansion of such requests. The present paper aims to trace an international overview with the aim of providing ethical support to the debate on the matter. Precisely, the goal is the delimitation of foundations for clinical practice in the complex field of psychiatry between the recognition of the irreversibility of the disease, assessment of the state of physical and mental suffering, as well as the possibility of adopting free and informed choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV-1 infection in the absence of treatment results in progression toward AIDS. Host genetic factors play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis, but complete knowledge is not yet available. Since less-expressed HLA-C variants are associated with poor HIV-1 control and unstable HLA-C variants are associated with higher HIV-1 infectivity, we investigated whether there was a correlation between the different stages of HIV-1 progression and the presence of specific HLA-C allotypes. HLA-C genotyping was performed using allele-specific PCR by analyzing a treatment-naïve cohort of 96 HIV-1-infected patients from multicentric cohorts in the USA, Canada, and Brazil. HIV-1-positive subjects were classified according to their different disease progression status as progressors (Ps, n = 48), long-term non-progressors (LTNPs, n = 37), and elite controllers (ECs, n = 11). HLA-C variants were classified as stable or unstable according to their binding stability to β2-microglobulin/peptide complex. Our results showed a significant correlation between rapid progression to AIDS and the presence of two or one unstable HLA-C variants (p-value: 0.0078, p-value: 0.0143, respectively). These findings strongly suggest a link between unstable HLA-C variants both at genotype and at allele levels and rapid progression to AIDS. This work provides further insights into the impact of host genetic factors on AIDS progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of WebCT in the Laurentian University Bachelor of Science in Nursing program began in 2001 when faculty were eager to explore different modes of delivery for fourth-year courses. Since then, the use of WebCT within the baccalaureate program has increased substantively. This paper outlines the developmental growth of the use of this Learning Management System in addition to its strengths and challenges as experienced by Laurentian nursing faculty. It furthermore poses questions about the sustained use of existing as well as newer and emerging educational technologies within undergraduate nursing education. (Contains 2 figures.)

Background and Objective Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy has been recently introduced in endonasal skull base surgery. Only a relatively limited number of studies have compared it to 2-dimensional, high definition technology. The objective was to compare, in a preclinical setting for endonasal endoscopic surgery, the surgical maneuverability of 2-dimensional, high definition and 3D endoscopy. Methods A group of 68 volunteers, novice and experienced surgeons, were asked to perform 2 tasks, namely simulating grasping and dissection surgical maneuvers, in a model of the nasal cavities. Time to complete the tasks was recorded. A questionnaire to investigate subjective feelings during tasks was filled by each participant. In 25 subjects, the surgeons' movements were continuously tracked by a magnetic-based neuronavigator coupled with dedicated software (ApproachViewer, part of GTx-UHN) and the recorded trajectories were analyzed by comparing jitter, sum of square differences, and funnel index. Results Total execution time was significantly lower with 3D technology ( P < 0.05) in beginners and experts. Questionnaires showed that beginners preferred 3D endoscopy more frequently than experts. A minority (14%) of beginners experienced discomfort with 3D endoscopy. Analysis of jitter showed a trend toward increased effectiveness of surgical maneuvers with 3D endoscopy. Sum of square differences and funnel index analyses documented better values with 3D endoscopy in experts. Conclusions In a preclinical setting for endonasal skull base surgery, 3D technology appears to confer an advantage in terms of time of execution and precision of surgical maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Geographical Discrimination study for the traceability of Italian lentils. • Chemometric elaboration of the Mid-Infrared spectroscopic lentil profiles. • The discriminant approach correctly recognized 98.8% of the test samples. Three hundred forty-six (3 4 6) samples of lentils have been collected and analyzed by ATR-MIR spectroscopy. Of the investigated individuals, 283 were harvested in two Central-Italy regions (Umbria and Abruzzo), whereas the others were grown in Canada. At first, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to discriminate samples among the three origins. The outcome of PLS-DA analysis was noteworthy: only one individual (over 86 of the external test set) was erroneously assigned by the model, indicating the suitability of the proposed approach. Furthermore, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) was exploited to inquire which spectral variables significantly contribute to the discrimination. Eventually, the focus has been circumscribed to two categories of high-valued lentils, e.g., lentils from Castelluccio di Norcia (CDN), a sub-set of the Umbria class, and from Santo Stefano di Sessanio (SSS), a sub-set of the Abruzzo class. These are of particular interest because CDN presents the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) while SSS belongs to the Slow Food Presidium. The models for these classes provided interesting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the neonatal health risks (hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, the need for a septic workup, and feeding difficulties) experienced by late preterm infants (LPIs) from a large multisite study and determine how these risks were affected by gestational age at birth., Design: Descriptive analysis of prospective data obtained as part of the AWHONN Late Preterm Infant Research-Based Practice Project., Setting: Fourteen hospitals located through the United States and Canada., Participants: Late preterm infants (802) born at gestational ages between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks., Methods: Nurses at each site obtained consent from the mother of the infant. The data about the infant were gathered from the infant's medical record., Results: Thirty-six percent of LPIs were initially cared for in a special care nursery; approximately one half of these infants were eventually transferred to a well-baby nursery. Of the 64% of LPIs initially cared for in a routine nursery, 10% were transferred to a special care unit or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). More than one half of LPIs experienced hypothermia, hypoglycemia, feeding difficulties, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress and/or needed a septic workup. The risk for these problems was higher in infants of younger gestational ages. Thirty-two percent of the infants were bathed during the first 2 hours of life, and by 4 hours, more than two thirds had had their first bath. Fifty-two percent received kangaroo care during the first 48 hours of life., Conclusion: These findings support those of smaller studies indicating that LPIs are at high risk for developing health problems during their neonatal hospitalization. Nurses may be able to ameliorate some of these health problems through early identification of problems and simple, inexpensive interventions such as avoiding early bathing and promoting kangaroo care., (© 2012 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.)

Objective: Employing a sample of 6087 senior students in Atlantic Canada, this paper examines the relationship between driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and motor vehicle collision (MVC) risk. A series of models were analyzed adjusting for demographic characteristics, driver experience, and substance use., Methods: Participants were drawn from the 2002/2003 Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces, an anonymous cross-sectional survey of adolescent students in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Logistic regression techniques were employed in the analysis of unadjusted and adjusted models., Results: Among senior students, the prevalence of DUIC in the past year was 15.1% while the prevalence of MVCs was 8.1%. The predictors of DUIC were gender, driver experience, use of a fake ID, and driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA). The predictors of MVC were gender, driver experience, DUIC, and DUIA., Conclusions: These findings extend our knowledge of DUIC as a socio-legal and public health issue with implications on road safety. Effort must be placed on educating new drivers about cannabis use in the context of driving.

Guidelines for evaluating the levels of evidence based on quantitative research are well established. However, the same cannot be said for the evaluation of qualitative research. This article discusses a process members of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline development team with the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses used to create a scoring system to determine the strength of qualitative research evidence. A brief history of evidence-based clinical practice guideline development is provided, followed by discussion of the development of the Nursing Management of the Second Stage of Labor evidence-based clinical practice guideline. The development of the qualitative scoring system is explicated, and implications for nursing are proposed.