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The UK government identified 'improving support within the criminal justice systems' as a priority for autistic people. There is a lack of quantitative research to enable policymakers to make evidence-based decisions on how to improve access to justice for autistic people. This study used a case-comparison design to compare the experiences of 145 autistic and 116 non-autistic adults who had been arrested at some point in their life. Autistic participants were nearly five times more likely to state that they were not given an appropriate adult even though they believed they needed one and felt less able to communicate with the police. Autistic participants felt less able to cope with stress, twice as likely to have experienced meltdowns and five times more likely to have experienced shutdowns because of their criminal justice involvement. We conclude that there are inequalities that autistic people face when navigating the criminal justice system and the degree to which they can participate effectively in the justice process. This has an impact on their mental health. Policy recommendations are discussed based on this evidence.

This article examines how a rural Canadian secure custody facility for youth implemented positive psychology principles in its case management protocols and residential programming. A directed content analysis design was utilized to identify specific factors of positive psychology in the facility's policy and programming manual, as well as in interviews with 10 youth and 11 service providers at the facility. Data revealed numerous positive psychology factors were incorporated in various ways at the facility, particularly person-centred care, autonomy, and relatedness/connectedness. Differences among policy documentation, youth, and service provider perceptions were found, as well as challenges regarding intent versus effect of programming. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed. (Contains 1 table and 1 note.)

An experimental project at the University of Victoria (British Columbia) offered student teachers professional consultation by teleconferencing and conference calls as a way of improving the cost efficiency of the service. The project had only partial success, as the students preferred the personal aspects of face-to-face supervision over the impersonal nature of telephone consultation. (16 references) (LRW)

Describes a teacher-training program designed to give nonrural students the knowledge, background, skills, and attitudes necessary for successful rural teaching and living. Outlines the two-year course of study which emphasizes early field experience and includes topics such as rural demography, personal satisfaction predictors, and alternative models for rural education. (JHZ)

Reviews current writings relevant to teaching the social history of Canada. Subjects addressed are social protest and conflict, labor history, working class history, women, the city, intellectual history, and regional studies. (KC)

The five-year rural elementary teacher education program at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, features extended field experience in remote rural schools and communities. The program seeks to provide preservice elementary teachers with a realistic awareness of the rural teacher's worklife. (SV)

Background: Many communities are reporting increases in the number of infants requiring NICU care. Practices continue to vary and there is limited available evidence about nursing care.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe current nursing care practices for infants with prenatal substance exposure in the NICU setting and during transition to the community. Findings from this study were compared with an earlier Canadian survey (by Marcellus in 2002) to identify shifts in clinical nursing practice for this population.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A 68-item survey composed of multiple-choice and open-ended questions was administered through FluidSurveys online software. A convenience sample of 62 clinical managers or clinical educators in hospitals with active maternal-infant clinical units with 500 deliveries or more annually and/or pediatric hospitals with a separate designated neonatal service (ie, Level 2 and 3 units) was chosen.Results: A greater number of NICUs are using clinical guidelines to support the standardization of quality care. Improvements in nursing practice were identified and these included the consistent use of a withdrawal scoring tool and provision of education for team members in orientation. A decline in routine discharge planning meetings and routine parent teaching plans was discovered.Implications For Practice: This survey has improved understanding of the current state of nursing care for infants with prenatal substance exposure and their families during this critical time of transition. The purpose of the survey was to compare findings with the 2002 study by Marcellus to identify any improved practices and describe current state nursing care practices in the NICU. Practice changes over the last decade have included keeping mothers and infants together, expanding concepts of the team, integrating programs and services across hospital and community settings, and creating opportunities for NICU teams to learn more about substance use, mental health, violence, and trauma.Implications For Research: Focus on discharge planning, parent teaching, and creation and implementation of national/hospital guidelines is essential for consistent evidence-based quality patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the Touchstones of Hope project which offers reconciliation principles and process for child welfare activities for indigenous children, their families and their communities in Canada. Topics include the anticipated conflict and different role of social work experienced by the for indigenous children and families, the acceptance of the Touchstones in different regions and provinces and the development and implementation of training based on Touchstones document.

The article discusses the role of natural resource sector in the economy in Canada. Natural resources have always been a key sector in Canada's exports and business investment, where their share has hit new highs in the current cycle.. It offers information on the exports, profits and investment flows of the country. It states that the commodity-price boom has had a large impact on key sectors of the Canada's economy.

The article focuses on the increased energy prices in Canada. According to the study, the surge in energy prices, has had a wide range of impacts on different sectors of the economy. It states that while gasoline prices have risen significantly, the increase would have been almost twice as much without the rise in the Canadian dollar. It believes that because of the integrated North American market for gasoline, the high exchange rate has dampened the price increase for consumers.

The article examines the food prices in Canada, in terms of domestic and international factors. It also determines how each food dollar extends to the farmer and food manufacturer as the main beneficiaries of commodity price increases. Overall, the consumer prices for food consumed at home has increased only to 1.2% in 12 months, and ending in April 2008.

The article offers information on the economic conditions in Canada for 2007. Many Canadians believed that the country's economy was already in recession at the start of the period. The soaring loonie hampered its manufacturing industry and contributed to the threats of Canadian consumers to cross the border en masse in protest. Growth in the real economy of output and employment was steady due to surpluses in the government and current account, and the sheer size of modern economies.

The article focuses on which industries stand in gaining or losing on the rise of the exchange rate in Canada. It examines which industries depends on the exports markets for their output. Also, it presents input/output (I/O) tables in tracing imported inputs by industry. It indicates that the net exposure of exported outputs and imported inputs is a significant determinant for the fortunes of industry.

The article presents an overview of the Canadian economic performance and its impact on the global economy for 2006. According to reports, Canada and the U.S. expressed steady gains, despite publicized slowdowns in the auto and housing sectors south of the border. Moreover, global growth in the year continued its 4-year rise and the rapid integration of emerging market nations into the global economy remained a key development for trade, investments and prices.

The article presents an overview of the Canadian economic performance and its impact on the global economy for 2006. According to reports, Canada and the U.S. expressed steady gains, despite publicized slowdowns in the auto and housing sectors south of the border. Moreover, global growth in the year continued its 4-year rise and the rapid integration of emerging market nations into the global economy remained a key development for trade, investments and prices.

The article presents information on the trends shown by the merchandise trade surplus in Canada. In 2001, the trade surplus for energy products was high, which reached a record $53 billion in 2005. After 2002, there was a strong appreciation of the Canadian dollar, after which there has been an increase in exports. Regarding forestry, the surplus has been falling continuously due to lower prices. Surpluses in the automobile trade, and industrial goods have been high.

The article focuses on the status of trade surplus in various sectors of Canada including energy, forestry, automobiles, consumer goods, machinery and equipment, industrial goods, and agriculture. It informs that the fluctuation in the merchandise trade surplus indicate structural changes in Canada's foreign relations with the United States and Asian countries.

The article reprints the article "Emerging Patterns in the Labour Market: A Reversal from the 1990s," by P. Cross, which was published in the March 2005 issue of "Canadian Economic Observer." The paper examined whether the labor market trends reversed since 2000 continued in 2005. Notable developments include the resurgence of construction and resource jobs, the disappearance of factory jobs, notably high technology and automotive jobs. Computer services flattened out while public services were restores after reductions in the 1990s. The resurgence of multinational resource companies and government also favored job growth in large establishments. Meanwhile older workers supplied the increasing demand for labor.

The article presents information on the effects of rising energy prices on consumers and industries in Canada. There are various reasons, including the disruption of refinery output in the United States by Hurricane Katrina. Despite the growth of gasoline prices, its demand has remained the same. Canadian households mostly rely on electricity that eventually has mitigated the issue of high price to some extent. Gasoline prices are suggested to be the most volatile components. The most vulnerable groups are the middle group industries, including transportation and travel trade, who spend nearly 10% on energy inputs.

Assesses the ratio of gross national income to gross domestic product in Canada. Evaluation of the economic maturity; Contribution of dividends and interest to changes in international investment outcomes; Increase in the net flow of dividend receipts from abroad by Canadians; Decline of the average interest rate the country receives from foreign assets.

Talks about several economic-related news in Canada. Depreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar; Percentage of gross domestic product deceleration; Factor contributing to the straight solid growth of household spending.

Analyzes implications of the increasing import content in exports on the business cycle between Canada and the U.S. Overview of the increasing involvement of imports in exports in Canada since 1989; Contribution of value-added exports to the gross domestic product of Canada; Highlights of the trend in Canadian economy since 1989.

Examines the effect of dividend flows on Canadian incomes. Dependence on foreign capital inflows for economic development; Comparison between direct investments and portfolio investors; Narrowing of the gap between the gross national product and the gross domestic product; Sensitivity of dividend payments to business cycles.