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Used maternal beliefs, emotions, and experiences of Canadian and Swedish mothers to predict hypothetical physical punishment of preschoolers. Found that Canadians were more likely than Swedes to suggest physical punishment and demonstrate stronger support for spanking. Support for physical punishment and rating target misbehaviors as stable predicted Canadians' physical punishment use. None of the models predicted Swedes' physical punishment. (KB)

In this article, the authors highlight the benefits and challenges of offering cross-border, interdisciplinary academic experiences for students and faculty. The enterprise of interdisciplinary environmental management is largely an act of transcending boundaries. In particular, the authors focus on lessons learned from an annual transboundary field course offered jointly to Canadian and U.S. students from Alberta and Montana. They offer reflections based on their experiences with the aim of promoting further collaboration and the development of similar initiatives.

Investigates the distribution and abundance of the weevil Cryptorhynchus lapathi on Salix and Populus spp. in British Columbia. Effect of the borer on the stems of plants; Growth of the population of the borers; Survey on the prevalence and extent of attacks on trees by the borer.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the cultural embeddedness of the notions of hierarchy and solidarity in parent-child relationships at the macro and micro levels in two nations. Mothers' beliefs about and use of physical punishment in Sweden, where parental use of physical punishment has been prohibited by law, were compared to those round in Canada, where physical punishment is a legally sanctioned behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 102 Canadian mothers and 97 Swedish mothers of preschool children. Support was round for the hypothesized relationship between micro processes and macro structures. Canadians reported using mild physical punishment more often than Swedes. While attitudes toward spanking were generally negative in both groups, the attitudes of Canadian mothers reflected a belief system that could be described as higher on the hierarchy dimension and lower on the solidarity dimension than those of Swedish mothers. The findings are discussed in terms of connections and contradictions between micro and macro level processes and their evolving natures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]