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Persistent warm temperature anomalies can drive streamflow in regions where snow and glacier melt are important constituents of streamflow. However, the spatiotemporal variability of the streamflow response depends on both the magnitude of the forcing temperature anomalies and the nature of the underlying hydrological system. Here we ask: when, where, and for what magnitude of temperature anomalies will the streamflow response change most rapidly under warming? We use observed streamflow and temperature for 868 basins across Canada to quantify the streamflow response during warm temperature anomalies and how such responses vary in space, time, and by anomaly magnitude. We first identify two temporal modes of the streamflow response, one in autumn and one in spring, the relative strength of which varies by climate. We then use sinusoidal approximations of seasonal temperature cycles to characterize the sensitivity of such modes to changes in annual temperature. At individual basins, we find that relative to moderate warm events, the streamflow response to more extreme warm events is more sensitive to changes in mean annual temperatures, and this sensitivity is greatest in the coastal, southern, and central regions of Canada. Our results have implications for how the hydrological impacts of extreme events, such as heatwaves, will change in space and time under future climate change. Plain Language Summary: Warm temperature anomalies can drive streamflow in places that depend on snow and glacier melt. However, it is not well understood the rate at which the characteristics of the streamflow responses to warm temperature anomalies will change under warming. We present a straightforward method to characterize the observed streamflow responses to multi‐day warm events, and to understand how their sensitivity to warming varies in space, through time, and by magnitude of warm event. We find that relative to moderate warm events, the streamflow response to more extreme warm events is more sensitive to changes in mean annual temperatures. This implies that under warming, there will be an outsized change in the streamflow responses to extreme warm events relative to moderate warm events, with implications for water management under extreme events such as heatwaves. Key Points: We investigate the variability of streamflow responses to multiday warm temperature anomalies and their sensitivity to warming across CanadaUnder warming, the streamflow response to extreme temperature anomalies will change more than the streamflow response to moderate anomaliesOur findings have implications for downstream ecosystems and water users as warm events become more frequent and intense [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ample research examines the importance of one's commitment level to their romantic relationship; however, individuals' desire for progressive levels of commitment has received less attention in the literature. In the current studies, we introduce the novel concept of commitment amplification (i.e., the desire to become more committed in one's romantic relationship) by developing and validating a new scale (the Commitment Amplification Scale). Additionally, we investigate the conceptual uniqueness of commitment amplification and examine associations with relationship-oriented thoughts (Study 1 and 2) and behaviors (Study 3). Results support the establishment of commitment amplification as a distinct and predictive construct. Furthermore, commitment amplification predicts relationship constructs above and beyond existing measures of commitment and commitment readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Study: This study aimed to investigate the perceived outcomes and mechanisms of change of a community mental health service combining system navigation and intensive case management supports for frequent emergency department users presenting with mental illness or addiction., Primary Practice Setting: The study setting was a community mental health agency receiving automated referrals directly from hospitals in a midsize Canadian city for all individuals attending an emergency department two or more times within 30 days for mental illness or addiction., Methodology and Sample: Qualitative interviews with 15 program clients. Focus groups with six program case managers. Data were analyzed using pragmatic qualitative thematic analysis., Results: Participants generally reported perceiving that the program contributed to reduced emergency department use, reduced mental illness symptom severity, and improved quality of life. Perceived outcomes were more mixed for outcomes related to addiction. Reported mechanisms of change emphasized the importance of positive working relationships between program clients and case managers, as well as focused efforts to develop practical skills., Implications for Case Management Practice: Community mental health services including intensive case management for frequent emergency department users presenting with mental illness or addiction were perceived to effectively address client needs while reducing emergency department resource burden. Similar programs should emphasize the development of consistent and warm working relationships between program clients and case managers, as well as practical skills development to support client health and well-being., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

The subjective experience of a sense of meaning in life is an important aspect of psychological well-being. Developmental experiences that contribute to attachment security or insecurity may shape individual differences in the capacity for meaning in life. Such relations may also be influenced by difficulties in emotional processing, such as alexithymia. The present study examined attachment anxiety and avoidance as mediators of the association between perceived parental emotional support during childhood and the presence of meaning in life, as well as the moderating role of alexithymia. A sample of 245 community members completed study assessments, and correlational and regression analyses were used to examine hypothesized parallel mediation and moderated mediation models. Attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, was found to significantly mediate the association between early parental support and meaning in life. Conditional process analysis further indicated alexithymia to moderate this mediation pathway, with the mediating effect of attachment anxiety becoming stronger at lower levels of alexithymia. Thus, results indicated that positive perceptions of parental support were associated with attachment security, in the form of reduced attachment anxiety, which in turn was linked with greater meaning in life. Moreover, this pathway was strongest among individuals with relatively better emotional processing abilities, or lower alexithymia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central feature of couple relationships research is the use of self‐report measures of relationship satisfaction. Despite the widespread use of such measures in couples' research, scholars have raised critical questions about satisfaction‐focused assessment, including concerns about taking an ontologically individualistic focus. Moving beyond ontological individualism, drawing from the Strong Relationality Model of Relationship Flourishing and data from 615 couples in the United States and Canada (N = 1230 individuals), we explored similarities and differences between assessments of relationship satisfaction and a measure based on strong relationality (relational‐connectivity). We evaluated associations with other scales assessing relationship factors including indicators of well‐being, relationship processes, virtues, and responsible actions. Using confirmatory latent profile analysis, we classified individuals as Flourishing (55.4%), Languishing (31.8%), Connected, Less‐Satisfied (7.8%), or Satisfied, Less‐Connected (5.0%). Our results suggest that attending to richer perspectives of relationship quality may spur additional understanding of many factors associated with meaningful couple relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change impacts on Indigenous peoples in remote regions pose unique institutional challenges and opportunities for governments. Reducing vulnerability and enabling collaborative knowledge creation through the inclusive consideration of Indigenous peoples' perspectives in government and institutional efforts can help to advance adaptation to environmental change. In Northern Canada, Indigenous communities and multiple levels of the Canadian government and its institutions, including the Canadian Armed Forces, share the commensurate task and responsibility of responding to, tracking, monitoring and adapting to rapid climatic changes and impacts associated with climate change in the Arctic. In this review paper, we explore how Canadian governments may effectively work as partners and catalysts for advancing mutually beneficial climate change adaptation efforts with Indigenous peoples and communities affected by climate change in remote Arctic regions of Northern Canada. We review knowledge and concepts related to Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge in the context of institutional adaptation planning and policy approaches in remote regions. First, we provide a geographical and contextual background that informs the efforts of institutional partners and Indigenous communities seeking to mutually address long-term challenges associated with adapting to climate change, specifically in the remote Canadian Arctic. Second, we unpack knowledge for advancing collaborative adaptation efforts between Indigenous peoples and institutions in the Arctic. We identify relevant gaps and opportunities for enhancing institutional approaches to climate change adaptation involving Indigenous peoples in remote regions like the Arctic. We conclude with a summary of policy relevant insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is a highly variable region of the atmosphere and critical for understanding climate. Yet, it remains undersampled in the observational satellite record. Due to recent advances in interferometer and infrared detection technologies, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) technology has been identified as a feasible remote sensing approach to obtain the required precision and spatial resolution of atmospheric trace gas composition in the UTLS. Building on the success of instruments such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding and gimbaled limb observer for radiance imaging of the atmosphere, the limb imaging Fourier transform spectrometer experiment (LIFE) instrument, of which this paper details the design and performance, is a balloon-borne infrared imaging FTS developed as an early prototype of a low earth orbit satellite instrument. LIFE is constructed primarily with commercially available off-the-shelf components, with a design emphasis on greatly reducing the complexity of the instrument, particularly the cooling requirements, with a minimal reduction in information gain on the target atmospheric greenhouse gases of water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. The developed instrument was characterized through a series of thermal and vacuum tests and validated through a successful demonstration balloon flight during the 2019 Strato-Science campaign in Canada. In the calibration of the data from the balloon flight, an issue was identified regarding a lack of knowledge in the emissivity of the on-board blackbody calibration sources. These systematic effects were minimized through the application of an emissivity ratio determined from the characterization tests where a wider range of known blackbody temperatures were available. Despite this identified calibration issue, the results demonstrate that the instrument is capable of meeting primary performance requirements for trace gas retrievals of the target atmospheric species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metadata in most existing building automation systems (BASs) is inconsistent, incomplete, and nondescriptive. This situation is a major obstacle to the widespread use of data analytics to improve the operation of buildings. In this article, we put forward a method to infer zone-level metadata from features derived from BAS data. The method includes two steps: 1) classification of BAS points into different types (e.g., indoor temperature, indoor temperature set point, airflow, airflow set point, damper position, and radiator valve position) and 2) association of BAS points based on their functional relationships (i.e., grouping the sensors, actuators, and set points of each zone together). The metadata inference method was demonstrated with data from zones served by four different air handling units (AHUs) in two office buildings in Ottawa, ON, Canada. The results from this case study indicate that common zone-level BAS point types can be accurately classified and associated even in the absence of intuitive data labels. Note to Practitioners—This article was motivated by the problem of metadata normalization in existing buildings, in order to scale up the application of smart building solutions in the real world. Existing metadata normalization approaches mainly focused on inferring the point types of the metadata with both semantic (label) and numerical information (time series readings). In this article, we put forward a method to infer zone-level metadata with numerical information only. Methods for both types of classification and relationships’ association of the BAS points are investigated. The results from two office buildings indicate that the classification phase can achieve an average of 90% accuracy, while the association phase can obtain an average of 85% accuracy. The method was developed and demonstrated with a limited data set by using data exclusively from zone-level sensors, actuators, and set points. Future work is planned to extend the proposed method to more comprehensive BAS data sets with the system- and plant-level data as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the feeding activity of soil fauna in forest floor soil and in soil layer developing on dead cedar logs in temperate ancient rainforest of North British Columbia (Canada) inlands. Materials and methods: Bait–lamina test was applied to study the soil fauna feeding activity. On each of ten plots, measurements were conducted on a dead tree trunk (log) and in the typical forest floor soil in the close vicinity (< 10 m) of the log. A range of physicochemical properties of soil was measured for both environments. Results and discussion: The feeding activity of soil fauna did not differ between log and forest floor soils (paired t test, t = 0.1693). Log soils and forest floor soils did not differ in a range of physicochemical properties measured, that is element content and pH, with the exception of organic matter content, which was significantly higher in log soil than in forest floor soil (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Soil developing on dead cedar logs creates a similar environment for the development and activity of soil fauna as the organic layer of forest floor soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) for climate and precipitation, our understanding of these particles is far from complete. Here, we investigated INPs at three coastal marine sites in Canada, two at mid-latitude (Amphitrite Point and Labrador Sea) and one in the Arctic (Lancaster Sound). For Amphitrite Point, 23 sets of samples were analyzed, and for Labrador Sea and Lancaster Sound, one set of samples was analyzed for each location. At all three sites, the ice-nucleating ability on a per number basis (expressed as the fraction of aerosol particles acting as an INP) was strongly dependent on the particle size. For example, at diameters of around 0.2µm, approximately 1 in 106 particles acted as an INP at -25°C, while at diameters of around 8µm, approximately 1 in 10 particles acted as an INP at -25°C. The ice-nucleating ability on a per surface-area basis (expressed as the surface active site density, ns) was also dependent on the particle size, with larger particles being more efficient at nucleating ice. The ns values of supermicron particles at Amphitrite Point and Labrador Sea were larger than previously measured ns values of sea spray aerosols, suggesting that sea spray aerosols were not a major contributor to the supermicron INP population at these two sites. Consistent with this observation, a global model of INP concentrations under-predicted the INP concentrations when assuming only marine organics as INPs. On the other hand, assuming only K-feldspar as INPs, the same model was able to reproduce the measurements at a freezing temperature of -25°C, but under-predicted INP concentrations at -15°C, suggesting that the model is missing a source of INPs active at a freezing temperature of -15°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acids are known to be emitted from combustion processes and are key photochemical products of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors. Despite their multiple environmental impacts, such as on acid deposition and human–ecosystem health, little is known regarding their emission magnitudes or detailed chemical formation mechanisms. In the current work, airborne measurements of 18 gas-phase low-molecular-weight organic acids were made in the summer of 2013 over the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, an area of intense unconventional oil extraction. The data from these measurements were used in conjunction with emission retrieval algorithms to derive the total and speciated primary organic acid emission rates, as well as secondary formation rates downwind of oil sands operations. The results of the analysis indicate that approximately 12 t day−1 of low-molecular-weight organic acids, dominated by C1–C5 acids, were emitted directly from off-road diesel vehicles within open pit mines. Although there are no specific reporting requirements for primary organic acids, the measured emissions were similar in magnitude to primary oxygenated hydrocarbon emissions, for which there are reporting thresholds, measured previously ( ≈  20 t day−1). Conversely, photochemical production of gaseous organic acids significantly exceeded the primary sources, with formation rates of up to  ≈  184 t day−1 downwind of the oil sands facilities. The formation and evolution of organic acids from a Lagrangian flight were modelled with a box model, incorporating a detailed hydrocarbon reaction mechanism extracted from the Master Chemical Mechanism (v3.3). Despite evidence of significant secondary organic acid formation, the explicit chemical box model largely underestimated their formation in the oil sands plumes, accounting for 39, 46, 26, and 23 % of the measured formic, acetic, acrylic, and propionic acids respectively and with little contributions from biogenic VOC precursors. The model results, together with an examination of the carbon mass balance between the organic acids formed and the primary VOCs emitted from oil sands operations, suggest the existence of significant missing secondary sources and precursor emissions related to oil sands and/or an incomplete mechanistic and quantitative understanding of how they are processed in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study fills an important gap in the motherhood literature by exploring the experience of maternal attachment in women mothering in stepfamilies, and how it relates to their sense of competence as a (step-)parent. Forty-three Canadian women living in stepfamilies completed a series of self-reported measures on their (step)maternal experience. Results enabled us to create a portrait of the maternal experience of women mothering in stepfamilies through measures of coparenting satisfaction, adult attachment style, sense of parenting competence, and the overall quality of the relationship with the children in their care; and to predict the quality of maternal relationship among 3 different mothering contexts (e.g., biological children born in current union, biological children born in a previous union, and stepchildren). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study to illustrate how children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be assessed and successfully trained using neurofeedback. There is established efficacy for using neurofeedback to treat ADHD (Arns, De Ridder, Strehl, Breteler, & Coenen, 2009; Gani, Birbaumer, & Strehl, 2009; Gevensleben et al., 2009). Indeed, the American Academy of Pediatrics gave biofeedback Level 1 efficacy in its 2012 review (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012), the same level of efficacy as is given to medications. The other condition that has sufficient randomized controlled studies to establish efficacy for electroencephalogram biofeedback is epilepsy (Tan et al., 2009). This case is presented to share techniques that will help clinicians conduct neurofeedback appropriately so that good results are obtained. The future of our field depends on every practitioner doing a quality job with excellent outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in adjuvant systemic therapy and detection of early disease have resulted in a decline of breast cancer death rates across all patient age groups in Canada. Non-adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy in the setting of early breast cancer may significantly affect patient outcome. Factors associated with medication adherence are complex and may be patient-related, therapy-related, and health care provider-related. To date, there is a gap in the literature concerning a comprehensive understanding of factors related to medication adherence with anti-estrogen therapy in the adjuvant setting. The literature suggests that strategies for improving adherence should focus on education of patients, assessment of the ability of patients to understand their disease and related recurrence factors, and facilitation of adherence by patients by providing adequate support and strategies for good self-management. However, more research is needed to better understand how health care providers can support women with breast cancer on oral therapy in the adjuvant setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The recovery process is characterized by the interaction of a set of individual, environmental and organizational conditions common to different people suffering with a mental health problem. The fact that most of the studies have been working with schizophrenic patients we cannot extend what has been learned about the process of recovery to other types of mental problem. In the meantime, the prevalence of anxiety, affective and borderline personality disorders continues to increase, imposing a significant socioeconomic burden on the Canadian healthcare system and on the patients, their family and significant other [1]. The aim of this study is to put forward a theoretical model of the recovery process for people with mental health problem schizophrenic, affective, anxiety and borderline personality disorders, family members and a significant care provider. Method and design: To operationalize the study, a qualitative, inductive design was chosen. Qualitative research open the way to learning -- the inside -- about different perspectives and issues people face in their process of recovery. The study proposal is involving a multisite study that will be conducted in three different cities of the Province of Québec in Canada: Montréal, Québec and Trois-Rivières. The plan is to select 108 participants, divided into four comparison groups representing four types of mental health problem. Each comparison group (n = 27) will be made up of 9 units. Each unit will comprise one person with a mental health problem (schizophrenia, affective anxiety, and borderline personality disorders. Data will be collected through semi-structured open-ended interview. The in-depth qualitative analysis inspired from the grounded theory approach will permit the illustration of the recovery process. Discussion: The transformation of our Health Care System and the importance being put on the people well-being and autonomy development of the person who are suffering with mental problem This study protocol follows-up on earlier theory-building process that begun with the work of Noiseux [2]. The contribution of the present study is to increase the comprehension of the concept of recovery and to enhance the body of knowledge in that domain. Very few studies have examined recovery and the one that did used a descriptive approach which did not take into account the perspective of the family members and the caregivers of the recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Larvae of Hydropsyche morosa from five rivers in Ontario, Canada, each exhibiting different degrees of human impact, were examined for Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA). Specimens were obtained from collections dating back to 1951, and from fresh collections to 1999. Twelve morphological characters were assessed on the left and right sides of 297 larvae, and eight of them demonstrated FA. There was a tendency to increase the levels of FA over time. Levels of nitrogen, conductivity and chloride in the river water, used as an index of pollution, were significantly and positively correlated with increasing incidence of FA in four of the characters. The remainder were independent of pollution.