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Various pedagogical strategies promote the development of communication skills that enable graduates to leave their mark and make positive changes in society. This article focuses on instructional lessons learned from undergraduate student perspectives of the pedagogy of the lightning talk, a three-minute oral presentation delivered without the use of supporting materials and without audience engagement in a noncompetitive environment. Drawing from the data of a mixed-methods study conducted at a metropolitan university, this article highlights key pedagogical lessons. Students' responses indicate that instructors can implement instructional strategies that enhance students' preparatory work and accessibility. Students also shared that they developed valuable public speaking-related skills. Overall, the findings can inform how instructors can enhance learners' communication skills with inclusive teaching strategies.

The digital revolution is rapidly transforming the world of work and the skills profiles of many occupations. The pace of change necessitates continuous skilling and reskilling, through lifelong learning. Traditional models of TVET which view formal training as terminal will not prepare workers for the constantly evolving world of work in an age of technological transformations. This paper argues for the need to integrate informal and non-formal learning in TVET systems and address the pedagogical implications of this integration. Research on emerging innovative approaches to TVET in both developed and developing country contexts is reviewed, with a special focus on new models for work-based and community-based learning, which can promote transformative, lifelong learning. The actual and potential role of technology within these models is highlighted, together with recommendations for policy and practice.

The authors investigated the effectiveness of online versus paper assignments using final examination scores in three cohorts of theory of finance. In particular, two cohorts were exposed to online assignments while another cohort was exposed to traditional assignments. The central result is that exposure to online assignments robustly leads to higher final exam scores, all else being equal. The authors also found a lower level of engagement as shown by low assignment completion rates for students exposed to online assignments.

Overwintering conditions affect the physiological state of ectotherms, and therefore, their cold hardiness and survival. A measure of the lethal and sublethal impacts of overwintering conditions on pest populations is crucial to predict population dynamics and to manage pests the following spring. The impact of winter conditions can be most intense for invasive insects undergoing range expansion. Insect herbivores can display plastic host use behaviours that depend on their body condition following winter. The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive pest of field peas, Pisum sativum L., and faba bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae). Pea leaf weevil has expanded its range in North America to include the Prairie Provinces of Canada. This study investigated the effects of temperature and microhabitat on overwintering survival and cold hardiness of pea leaf weevil in its expanded range. Further, we investigated the sublethal effect of overwintering temperature and duration on post‐overwintering survival, feeding, and oviposition of pea leaf weevil. We also investigated the role of juvenile hormone in modulating body condition of overwintering weevils. The overwintering survival of pea leaf weevil adults increased with soil temperature and varied with region and microhabitat. More weevils survived winters when positioned near tree shelterbelts compared to open alfalfa fields. The supercooling point of pea leaf weevil varied throughout its expanding range but did not differ for weevils held in the two microhabitats. The average threshold lethal temperature of pea leaf weevil at all three sites was −9.4 °C. Weevils that overwintered for a longer duration and at a higher temperature subsequently fed more on faba bean foliage and laid more eggs compared to those which overwintered for a shorter duration at a lower temperature. Our findings highlight that warm winters would increase overwintering survival and post‐overwintering fitness, facilitating further pea leaf weevil invasion northward in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community reentry from prison is a challenging process, especially for persons with lived and living experience of mental health concerns. Access to appropriate community-based care for those leaving prison is a key part of improving health equity for this population. Our work to develop a cross-Canada inventory of active community mental health and substance use services for criminal justice-involved persons represents a valuable example for others hoping to conduct projects that are similar in nature and scope. We describe the strengths and limitations of our health equity-informed, multi-pronged approach to service inventory development, highlighting the importance of considering and addressing search- and stakeholder-related biases. Investment of time and resources is critical to ensuring comprehensive and inclusive identification of community-based mental health services and meaningful resource development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gender norms, roles and relations differentially affect women, men, and non-binary individuals' vulnerability to disease. Outbreak response measures also have immediate and long-term gendered effects. However, gender-based analysis of outbreaks and responses is limited by lack of data and little integration of feminist analysis within global health scholarship. Recognising these barriers, this paper applies a gender matrix methodology, grounded in feminist political economy approaches, to evaluate the gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response in four case studies: China, Hong Kong, Canada, and the UK. Through a rapid scoping of documentation of the gendered effects of the outbreak, it applies the matrix framework to analyse findings, identifying common themes across the case studies: financial discrimination, crisis in care, and unequal risks and secondary effects. Results point to transnational structural conditions which put women on the front lines of the pandemic at work and at home while denying them health, economic and personal security – effects that are exacerbated where racism and other forms of discrimination intersect with gender inequities. Given that women and people living at the intersections of multiple inequities are made additionally vulnerable by pandemic responses, intersectional feminist responses should be prioritised at the beginning of any crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the achievements during the author's tenure as Chief Editor of the Canadian Journal of Critical Care Nursing, including the addition of innovative content addressing anti-racism, a new regular feature called Practice Pearls.

The editors rightly assert that the legacies of Harriet Tubman "must be seen at once as ongoing, collective practices of antiracism and freedom seeking" (p. 36). Published in 2022, almost two centuries since the Underground Railroad's most famous conductor was born, Ronald Cummings and Natalee Caple's I Harriet's legacies i seeks to explore the ways in which Harriet Tubman, as both a person and a symbol, continues to resonate across time and space. In such a context, the way that Cummings and Caple take up Harriet Tubman manages to disrupt both these narratives, by recentring Harriet Tubman as a diasporic rather than simply African American figure and by asserting that Harriet Tubman's time in Canada was important and not outside of her political life, as is sometimes depicted. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Clinical experience suggests that childhood nephrotic syndrome is frequently diagnosed incorrectly, leading to delays in providing effective treatment. We hypothesized that the health care setting is an important determinant of diagnostic success, with implications for the patient and family health care experience. Our objectives were: (1) to characterize the relationship between diagnostic success and health care setting for the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, (2) to determine types and frequencies of incorrect diagnoses, and (3) to understand the burden placed on patients and families as a result of incorrect and incomplete diagnoses. Methods: A survey was conducted by phone or in-person with legal guardians of children 1 to 18 years diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome within 24 months before the study. The survey elicited information on type of health care setting utilized (e.g., family practice, emergency room) and on diagnoses and treatments. Results: Seventy-four patients with varying ethnicities and socioeconomic profiles (37 male, 37 female, median age 4.8 years, range: 1.2 to 14.8) were included from four Canadian paediatric nephrology centres. Proportions of diagnostic success were high in emergency and paediatric care settings (66% and 64% correct, respectively), but low in primary care settings (17% family practice and 17% walk-in clinic, respectively). Diagnostic delays ranged from 0 to 428 days (median 9.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 20.5). “Allergies” was the most common incorrect diagnosis (47%). Parents and legal guardians reported missed work (55%) and added expenses (50%) prior to obtaining a correct diagnosis. Conclusions: Childhood nephrotic syndrome is often incorrectly diagnosed, especially in primary care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on importance of addressing racism in nursing and the need for Canadian critical care nurses to reckon with issues of racism, particularly concerning Indigenous, First Nation, Inuit, Métis, Black and people of color communities. It discusses the impact of racism, highlights initiatives to promote anti-racism in nursing and encourages readers to engage in this important conversation.

In this paper, waste management in Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC) from 1996 to 2010 are examined with respect to generation characteristics and management efficiency. The daily average waste generation rates in AB and BC were 3.34 kg/capita and 2.50 kg/capita, respectively. It was found that annual family income has a positive relation with residential waste generation in both provinces, as did the proportion of educated citizens. Gross domestic product was positively related to non-residential waste generation in AB, and negatively related in BC. Annual agricultural farm cash receipts were positively related to non-residential waste generation in both provinces, and AB's industry earnings were significantly higher. Between 1998 and 2010, the average diversion rate in AB was 15.1%, and BC's was 32.9%, which place them on opposing sides of the national average (23.4%). Total operating expenditures were similar in both provinces, yet BC's waste diversion was more than double AB's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was created through a legal settlement between Survivors of Residential Schools, the Assembly of First Nations, Inuit representatives, and the federal government and church bodies responsible for the creation and operation of the Residential Schools. It mentions that how critical care nurses could incorporate the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC) care providers.

An essay is presented which discusses Canadian politicians Michael Ignatieff, Romeo Dallaire, and Stephen Lewis, with a particular focus given to their roles in promoting political allegiance and the global obligation of Canada. The author examines various aspects of their political philosophies, which include human rights, cosmopolitanism, and international law. He also comments on their thoughts regarding the evolution of the meaning of Canadian citizenship, group identity, and ethnicity. Canada's role in global events is also explored.

This article tracks trends in the use of the Refugee Convention's exclusion provisions in Canada from 1998 to 2008. Every publically available exclusion case during this time was gathered and this considerable body of jurisprudence was supplemented with data obtained using Access to Information laws. The data was analyzed to track the use of exclusion measures, the types of exclusion measures most often used, and the responsiveness of the refugee tribunal to the government's arguments in favour of exclusion (in other words, the government's success rate). In addition to this quantitative analysis, a qualitative assessment was made of how allegations of terrorism and exclusion are related. In this analysis, the focus was on judicial reasoning and on how the meaning of ‘terrorism’ within Canadian refugee law has expanded during this time frame. The article concludes that post-2001 security politics have influenced both the rate of exclusions and the judicial discourse surrounding terrorism. Following on from this conclusion, the article considers how both ‘morality’ and ‘sovereignty’ are redefined within Canadian refugee law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As part of a larger online survey examining the practices and preferences of Canadian critical care nurses regarding family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) of adult family members, the purpose of the study was to explicate salient issues about the practice of FPDR identified by nurses who responded to the qualitative portion of the survey. Design: Descriptive, qualitative. Methods: As part of an online survey, participants were given the opportunity to provide qualitative comments about their personal or professional experiences with FPDR. Data analysis was completed using content analysis and constant comparison techniques. Findings: Of the 944 nurses contacted electronically, 450 completed the survey, for a response rate of 48%. Of these, 242 opted to share qualitative comments regarding their experiences with FPDR. Four major themes emerged from the data: (a) perceived benefits for family members; (b) perceived risks for family members; (c) perceived benefits for healthcare providers; and (d) perceived risks for healthcare providers. Conclusions: The practice of FPDR impacts both family members and members of the resuscitation team. Nurses weigh these impacts when considering whether or not to bring family members to the bedside. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study provide information for practicing clinicians, educators, and administrators regarding the decision-making processes nurses use when considerations of bringing family members to the bedside during resuscitative events are evoked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the International Festival and Conference held in Toronto, Canada on February 9-15, 1993 with the theme `New Directions in Indian Dance'. Traditional and non-traditional Indian dance forms.

This study explored the nature of intercultural influence by examining the influence strategies of Japanese managers in Canada with their Canadian and Japanese subordinates. Theories of inter-group behavior and cultural differences were used to predict the influence strategies used by Japanese managers with subordinates from their own and another culture. There were significant differences in their strategies, which were associated with the national culture of their subordinates. Japanese managers used significantly more influence with Canadian than with Japanese subordinates, including strategies of assertiveness, reason, sanctions, upward appeal, and reciprocity. The structure of Japanese influence differed from that found in prior research. We discuss the implications of these differences for managers influencing subordinates across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech by Asha Pereira on her inauguration as president of the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses. She cited the comments of Senator Robert Kennedy at the University of Kansas about individuals who stand up for an ideal or acts to improve the lot of others. She said that she became a nurse in the hope that she could change the way nurses view themselves and be viewed by others.

Background: Antidepressants are used to treat acute depression in patients with bipolar I disorder, but their effect as maintenance treatment after the remission of depression has not been well studied., Methods: We conducted a multisite, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of maintenance of treatment with adjunctive escitalopram or bupropion XL as compared with discontinuation of antidepressant therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder who had recently had remission of a depressive episode. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to continue treatment with antidepressants for 52 weeks after remission or to switch to placebo at 8 weeks. The primary outcome, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was any mood episode, as defined by scores on scales measuring symptoms of hypomania or mania, depression, suicidality, and mood-episode severity; additional treatment or hospitalization for mood symptoms; or attempted or completed suicide. Key secondary outcomes included the time to an episode of mania or hypomania or depression., Results: Of 209 patients with bipolar I disorder who participated in an open-label treatment phase, 150 who had remission of depression were enrolled in the double-blind phase in addition to 27 patients who were enrolled directly. A total of 90 patients were assigned to continue treatment with the prescribed antidepressant for 52 weeks (52-week group) and 87 were assigned to switch to placebo at 8 weeks (8-week group). The trial was stopped before full recruitment was reached owing to slow recruitment and funding limitations. At 52 weeks, 28 of the patients in the 52-week group (31%) and 40 in the 8-week group (46%) had a primary-outcome event. The hazard ratio for time to any mood episode in the 52-week group relative to the 8-week group was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 1.10; P = 0.12 by log-rank test). A total of 11 patients in the 52-week group (12%) as compared with 5 patients in the 8-week group (6%) had mania or hypomania (hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.86 to 6.08), and 15 patients (17%) as compared with 35 patients (40%) had recurrence of depression (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.75). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups., Conclusions: In a trial involving patients with bipolar I disorder and a recently remitted depressive episode, adjunctive treatment with escitalopram or bupropion XL that continued for 52 weeks did not show a significant benefit as compared with treatment for 8 weeks in preventing relapse of any mood episode. The trial was stopped early owing to slow recruitment and funding limitations. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00958633.)., (Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

Objectives: We used modified contingent valuation methodology to determine how noninferiority margin sizes influence clinicians' willingness to accept clinical trial results that compare mortality in critically ill children., Methods: We surveyed pediatric infectious diseases and critical care clinicians in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand and randomized respondents to review 1 of 9 mock abstracts describing a noninferiority trial of bacteremic critically ill children assigned to 7 or 14 d of antibiotics. Each scenario showed higher mortality in the 7-d group but met noninferiority criterion. We explored how noninferiority margins and baseline mortality rates influenced respondent acceptance of results., Results: There were 106 survey respondents: 65 (61%) critical care clinicians, 28 (26%) infectious diseases physicians, and 13 (12%) pharmacists. When noninferiority margins were 5% and 10%, 73% (24/33) and 79% (27/33) respondents would accept shorter treatment, compared with 44% (17/39) when the margin was 20% ( P = 0.003). Logistic regression adjusted for baseline mortality showed 5% and 10% noninferiority margins were more likely to be associated with acceptance of shorter treatment compared with 20% margins (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-9.6, P = 0.013; OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8-14.6, P = 0.002). Baseline mortality was not a significant predictor of acceptance of shorter treatment., Conclusions: Clinicians are more likely to accept shorter treatment when noninferiority margins are ≤10%. However, nearly half of respondents who reviewed abstracts with 20% margins were still willing to accept shorter treatment. This is a novel application of contingent valuation methodology to elicit acceptance of research results among end users of the medical literature., Highlights: Clinicians are more likely to accept shorter treatment durations based on noninferior mortality results when the noninferiority margin is 5% or 10% than if the margin is 20%.However, nearly half of clinicians would still accept shorter-duration treatment as noninferior with margins of 20%.Baseline mortality does not independently predict acceptance of shorter-duration treatment.Contingent valuation is a novel approach to elicit the acceptance of research design parameters from the perspective of endusers of the medical literature.

Internationally, transitions from prison to the community are often precarious experiences for people who are living with substance use and mental health concerns. In Canada, a continuing opioid overdose crisis and overlapping challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic have generated urgency for scaling up community-based services that can meet the complex substance use and mental health needs of people leaving prison. In this commentary, we reflect on our experience with and knowledge gained by developing a national inventory of substance use and mental health services for criminal justice-involved persons who are re-entering the community. We learned that there is a scarcity of such community-based services specific to criminal justice-involved populations and a glaring lack of information about culturally safe and appropriate supports. Stakeholders from organisations across Canada identified that communities need a comprehensive array of low-barrier services, inclusive of harm reduction and substance use treatment services, to meet the diverse needs of people leaving prison. We recommend building greater investment in and awareness of community-driven, local programs, as well as enhancing efforts to engage people with lived and living experience in service design and provision. We also briefly describe a few programs to highlight examples of how to operationalise the themes that we observed to emerge while developing a national inventory of community-based substance use and mental health services for criminal justice-involved persons., Competing Interests: Declarations of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Cricoid pressure is often used to prevent regurgitation during induction and mask ventilation prior to high-risk tracheal intubation in critically ill children. Clinical data in children showing benefit are limited. Our objective was to evaluate the association between cricoid pressure use and the occurrence of regurgitation during tracheal intubation for critically ill children in PICU., Design: A retrospective cohort study of a multicenter pediatric airway quality improvement registry., Settings: Thirty-five PICUs within general and children's hospitals (29 in the United States, three in Canada, one in Japan, one in Singapore, and one in New Zealand)., Patients: Children (< 18 yr) with initial tracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy in PICUs between July 2010 and December 2015., Interventions: None., Measurements and Main Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cricoid pressure use and the occurrence of regurgitation while adjusting for underlying differences in patient and clinical care factors. Of 7,825 events, cricoid pressure was used in 1,819 (23%). Regurgitation was reported in 106 of 7,825 (1.4%) and clinical aspiration in 51 of 7,825 (0.7%). Regurgitation was reported in 35 of 1,819 (1.9%) with cricoid pressure, and 71 of 6,006 (1.2%) without cricoid pressure (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.09-2.47; p = 0.018). On multivariable analysis, cricoid pressure was not associated with the occurrence of regurgitation after adjusting for patient, practice, and known regurgitation risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.99-2.47; p = 0.054). A sensitivity analysis in propensity score-matched cohorts showed cricoid pressure was associated with a higher regurgitation rate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; p = 0.036)., Conclusions: Cricoid pressure during induction and mask ventilation before tracheal intubation in the current ICU practice was not associated with a lower regurgitation rate after adjusting for previously reported confounders. Further studies are needed to determine whether cricoid pressure for specific indication with proper maneuver would be effective in reducing regurgitation events.

Objectives: External laryngeal manipulation is a commonly used maneuver to improve visualization of the glottis during tracheal intubation in children. However, the effectiveness to improve tracheal intubation attempt success rate in the nonanesthesia setting is not clear. The study objective was to evaluate the association between external laryngeal manipulation use and initial tracheal intubation attempt success in PICUs., Design: A retrospective observational study using a multicenter emergency airway quality improvement registry., Setting: Thirty-five PICUs within general and children's hospitals (29 in the United States, three in Canada, one in Japan, one in Singapore, and one in New Zealand)., Patients: Critically ill children (< 18 years) undergoing initial tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy in PICUs between July 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015., Measurements and Main Results: Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to evaluate the association between external laryngeal manipulation and initial attempt success while adjusting for underlying differences in patient and clinical care factors: age, obesity, tracheal intubation indications, difficult airway features, provider training level, and neuromuscular blockade use. External laryngeal manipulation was defined as any external force to the neck during laryngoscopy. Of the 7,825 tracheal intubations, the initial tracheal intubation attempt was successful in 1,935/3,274 intubations (59%) with external laryngeal manipulation and 3,086/4,551 (68%) without external laryngeal manipulation (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75; p < 0.001). In propensity score-matched analysis, external laryngeal manipulation remained associated with lower initial tracheal intubation attempt success (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: External laryngeal manipulation during direct laryngoscopy was associated with lower initial tracheal intubation attempt success in critically ill children, even after adjusting for underlying differences in patient factors and provider levels. The indiscriminate use of external laryngeal manipulation cannot be recommended.

Background: The impact of gender on the staging and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is insufficiently understood., Objective: To assess gender-specific differences in pathologic factors and survival of UCB patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC)., Design, Setting, and Participants: Data from 8102 patients treated with RC (6497 men [80%] and 1605 women [20%]) for UCB between 1971 and 2012 were analyzed., Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: Multivariable competing-risk regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of gender on disease recurrence (DR) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). We also tested the interaction of gender and tumor stage, nodal status, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI)., Results and Limitations: Female patients were older at the time of RC (p=0.033) and had higher rates of pathologic stage T3/T4 disease (p<0.001). In univariable, but not in multivariable analysis, female gender was associated with a higher risk of DR (p=0.022 and p=0.11, respectively). Female gender was an independent predictor for CSM (p=0.004). We did not find a significant interaction between gender and stage, nodal metastasis, or LVI (all p values >0.05)., Conclusions: We found female gender to be associated with a higher risk of CSM following RC. However, these findings do not appear to be explained by gender differences in pathologic stage, nodal status, or LVI. This gender disparity may be due to differences in care and/or the biology of UCB., (Copyright © 2013 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Perchlorate has been found in drinking water and surface waters in the United States and Canada. It is primarily associated with release from defense and military operations. Natural sources include certain fertilizers and potash ores. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate is very persistent in the environment. At high concentrations perchlorate can affect the thyroid gland by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. A maximum contaminant level has not been set, while a guidance value of 6 ppb has been suggested by Health Canada. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed from water by anion exchange or membrane filtration. Biological and chemical processes are also effective in removing this species from water.

Background: The practice of allowing family members to be present at the bedside during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a controversial one and represents a paradigm shift among health care providers. To date, no research has examined this issue from the perspective of Canadian critical care nurses., Objectives: This research was undertaken to identify the practices and preferences of Canadian critical care nurses regarding family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), the extent to which formal FPDR policies exist in hospitals, and the level of awareness among members of the Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses (CACCN) regarding CACCN's position statement on FPDR. A secondary objective was to compare responses from Canadian critical care nurses to the responses of American critical care and ER nurses in a 2003 survey., Methods: An 18-item online survey was sent to 944 members of CACCN., Results: The response rate was 47.7% (n = 450). The majority of respondents (92%) supported the option of FPDR in critical care; slightly more than their U.S. counterparts (76%). Within the last year, although fewer Canadian nurses (18.5%) compared with American nurses (31%) had been asked by family members to be brought to the bedside during CPR, the majority of both Canadian nurses (65%) and American nurses (57%) reported they had either taken a family member to the bedside, or would do so if the opportunity arose. Only 8% of Canadian respondents reported that written guidelines/policies for FPDR were available in their hospital (5% for U.S. survey respondents). Half (49.8%) of the respondents were aware that CACCN had a position statement on FPDR., Conclusion: Although guidelines or policies for FPDR are not available in most hospitals where respondents worked, the majority of critical care nurses support FPDR and either had taken or would be willing to take family members to the bedside during CPR. The willingness of nurses in critical care to support FPDR suggests the need for more formal policies in hospitals and the development of algorithms to facilitate this process.

This article considers the implications of Canada's new legislation, Bill C-6: An act respecting assisted human reproduction and related research, for future oocyte donors and recipients. Specifically, this article explores the prohibition of payment to donors for oocyte donation, from the perspective of a paid oocyte donor.