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Donald Trump's tenure as President of the United States has been among the most disruptive in American history. In many areas, President Trump has upended convention, undermined norms, and cast aspersions on a host of institutions. Trump's imposition of punitive tariffs on steel and aluminum, along with the threat to withdraw from the NAFTA have been significant threats to the Canadian economy. The President's instincts on trade may be one of the few constants in a worldview on foreign policy that has otherwise lacked consistency. This article argues that Trump's actions on trade have other precedents in American history, many of which have similarly embroiled Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues U.S. states and Canadian provinces in line to make equity-partner in relation to law firms, and states that the analogy of the law firm is complex due to the evolution of both the U.S.-Canada partnership and different level of federalism in each country. Topics discussed include commercial partnership, globalization and the rise of sub-federal internationalism, and law firm associates in Canadian provinces.

This paper argues that since the completion of the NAFTA in the early 1990s, there has been too much focus on what governments in Ottawa, Washington, and Mexico City have or have not been doing to deepen North American integration. The NAFTA was an anomaly that obscures the larger history of incrementalism that has shaped North America's political economy. A focus on large, government-led integration projects like the NAFTA as a model for North American integration distracts from an examination of the many connections and processes taking place across borders every day. Security has become fully entrenched as a driving paradigm of North American relations. However, much of the activity in this domain and others is taking place at the bureaucratic, sub-state, and non-state levels rather than via active direction from national leadership. As scholars and analysts of North America, we would do well to move away from the NAFTA as a model for negotiating North America's future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship between United States and Canada since the September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 (9/11) and the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. Particular focus is given to the contention that despite economic exchange between the two counties and the North American free trade agreement (NAFTA), since 9/11, the U.S. foreign policy focus has not been Canada. The author discusses the weakening of political relations between the U.S. and Canada and cites the book “Forgotten Partnership Redux,” by Christopher Sands as further evidence of this claim.

Discusses issues concerning the softwood lumber dispute between Canada and the U.S. Background on the Softwood Lumber Agreement between Canada and the U.S.; Central issue put forward by the U.S. forest industry; Economic theory surrounding the welfare effects of quotas and export restraints.

Objective: There is an increased incidence of some mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in some members of the military and in some public safety personnel (PSP) such as firefighters, police officers, paramedics, and dispatchers. Upon retirement from the armed forces, many individuals go on to second careers as PSP. Individuals with prior military experience may be at even greater risk than nonveterans for developing mental health disorders. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between prior military service and symptoms of mental health disorders in PSP., Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study. Data for this study were collected from an anonymous, web-based, self-report survey of PSP in Canada. Invitations to participate were sent to PSP via their professional organizations. Indications of mental disorder(s) and symptom severity were assessed using well-validated self-report screening measures., Results: Of the survey respondents who provided this information, 631 (6.8%) had prior armed forces experience; however, not all responses were complete. Ex-military PSP reported significantly more exposure to traumatic events and were approximately 1.5 times more likely to screen positive for indications of PTSD, mood, anxiety, or acute stress disorders and to have contemplated suicide than those without prior armed forces experience., Conclusions: In our study, individuals in PSP with prior service experience in the armed forces were more likely to screen positive for indicators of some mental health disorders. Accordingly, mental health practitioners should inquire about previous service in the armed forces when screening, assessing, and treating PSP.

Study Design: Questionnaires administered to practicing orthopedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons from various regions of the United States and abroad., Objectives: To determine similarities and differences in the treatment of spinal trauma., Summary of Background Data: Spinal trauma is generally referred to subspecialists of orthopedic or neurosurgical training. Prior studies have suggested that there is significant variability in the management of such injuries., Methods: Questionnaires based on eight clinical scenarios of commonly encountered cervical, thoracic, and lumbar injuries were administered to 35 experienced spinal surgeons. Surgeons completed profile information and answered approximately one dozen questions for each case. Data were analyzed with SPSS software to determine the levels of agreement and characteristics of respondents that might account for a lack of agreement on particular aspects of management., Results: Of the 35 surgeons completing the questionnaire, 63% were orthopedists, 37% were neurosurgeons, and 80% had been in practice for more than 5 years. Considerable agreement was found in the majority of clinical decisions, including whether or not to operate and the timing of surgery. Of the differences noted, neurosurgeons were more likely to obtain a MRI, and orthopedists were more likely to use autograft as a sole graft material. Physicians from abroad were, in general, more likely to operate and to use an anterior approach during surgery than physicians from the northeastern United States., Conclusions: More commonalities were identified in the management of spinal trauma than previously reported. When found, variability in opinion was related to professional and regional differences.