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Student-organized exhibitions hold the potential to greatly enhance the visual arts school curriculum. Student art exhibition events can address socio-economic issues, function as part of integrated or interdisciplinary projects, and even unite students from different continents using today's high-speed Internet connectivity. Although there is literature surrounding student art exhibitions at the elementary and secondary levels, evidence of student-organized, exhibition-based learning at the post-secondary level seems scarce, particularly within teacher pre-service education programs. In originally conceptualizing the community-based art exhibition in 2001, one of the authors considered the following significant points: (i) she wanted to give pre-service teachers, faculty, and support staff a chance to show their work; (ii) many students did not have exhibition experience, especially with hanging a show; (iii) such an experience would help them to start an art resume and to learn how to frame and price their own work; (iv) it would be a bridge between school life and real life; (v) it would be a good showcase for the artists while also being educational for colleagues, administration and the community; (vi) it would nurture community/university relations; (vii) it would help the local art gallery involved to achieve their mandate of showing a variety of quality work from various Ontario artists; (viii) an exhibition would serve to advertise the university to a wider community; and, most importantly, (ix) it would prepare pre-service teachers to curate shows for their own future students. In this article, the authors discuss the history of the Nipissing University Faculty of Education art exhibition and describe how the annual Faculty of Education show grew to the point where it not only has been moved into the gallery's main space, but has also needed to be juried for the 2008 and 2009 shows because of space limitations. (Contains 5 figures.)

As educators at a faculty of education, the authors found that teacher candidates (TCs) invariably purchased new materials whenever they had an assignment requiring some form of construction activity. They were concerned about this learned, consumer behavior; lessons of moderation in using the Earth's resources are important elements of sustainability education. Humans are consumers in both a natural and an anthropological sense, but are capable of sustainable consumerism. Therefore, the authors wanted to promote moderation/sustainable consumerism through an educational intervention in their teacher-education classes. Inspired by Selby's (2011) third proposition for education for sustainable contraction, they revised an existing art/science integration project where constructions would be created from recycled and/or natural materials. The TCs' constructions, process work, and Reflection papers provided insight into their creative thinking, and learning, regarding sustainable consumerism.

Discusses the need in Canada to involve more administrators, teachers, and parents in integrating the English-as-a-Second-language classroom, and examines the Teaching-English-as-a-Second-Language awareness campaign and its basic subthemes: second-language teaching; advocacy and action for change; accreditation and professionalism; multicultural education; and social issues. (eight references) (GLR)

Using a standardized assessment instrument, the authors compared 182 adults with congenital deaf-blindness and those with acquired deaf-blindness. They found that those with congenital deaf-blindness were more likely to have impairments in cognition, activities of daily living, and social interactions and were less likely to use speech for communication. (Contains 6 tables.)

This paper reports on the social life of adults with intellectual disability (ID) who engage in pica behaviour (i.e., ingestion of non-food items). Secondary analyses were conducted on the population of adults residing in Ontario's three remaining specialized institutions for persons with ID (N = 1008); 220 individuals (21.8%) had pica. All persons were assessed using the interRAI Intellectual Disability assessment, a comprehensive and standardized instrument that supports person-centered service planning. A series of logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between pica and various indicators of social relationships and activities, while controlling for a set of covariates. Pica was significantly associated with increased likelihood of not having a strong and supportive relationship with family, lack of social contact, absence of participation in activities of long-standing interest, absence of involvement in a day program, as well as lack of involvement in recreational activities; though it was not related to interpersonal conflict. Attention should be equally paid to the social correlates of pica rather than solely concentrate on its health risks. Implications for the community supports needed to ensure the successful transition of persons with pica from institutional to community settings is also discussed. (Contains 2 tables.)

Increased knowledge of complex behaviors such as pica is needed to improve the support and services in the community for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Though the prevalence of pica has been documented extensively in institutionalized settings, few studies have explored its etiology. The aim of this study is to explore the correlates of pica among institutionalized adults with ID. Secondary data analysis was performed on census-level data on 1,008 persons with ID residing in Ontario's remaining specialized institutions. All persons had been assessed using the interRAI Intellectual Disability (interRAI ID; Martin, Hirdes, Fries, & Smith, 2007) assessment instrument--a comprehensive and standardized instrument that supports service planning. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the relation between pica and demographic, functional, and clinical characteristics. The overall prevalence of pica was 21.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male, a diagnosis of autism, and use of nonverbal means of communication were associated with a higher likelihood of pica, whereas impairment in activities of daily living reduced that likelihood. A curvilinear relation was observed between cognitive functioning and pica. The prevalence of pica is quite high in Ontario's institutions, and nonverbal communication emerged as the strongest correlate of the behavior. The implications for education, training, and interventions are discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to gather extrapolation evidence of validity by assessing whether performance on a national medical licensing exam, in addition to practice and socio-demographic variables, is predictive of future physician performance in practice. The study focused on a cohort of 3,404 physicians who were registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta (CPSA) and who completed the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Parts I and II between 1992–2017. Separate multivariate quasi-Poisson regression models were run to assess the degree of relationship between first-time pass/fail status on the MCCQE I and II, and several CPSA socio-demographic variables and several CPSA socio-demographic variables, in addition to complaints/ physician and various prescribing flags. Candidates who failed the MCCQE I on their first attempt had 27% more complaints lodged against them, compared to those who passed. Physicians who failed the MCCQE II on their first attempt prescribed 2+ benzodiazepines and 2+ opioids to 30% more patients than those who passed. Conclusions: Performance on the MCCQE Part I and II is an important predictor of physician performance. Combined with other critical variables, these measures provide important evidence to aid in risk modeling efforts and to guide educational interventions for physicians at an early stage of their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses forces which have helped shape lives of minority groups across Canada. Describes education for a multicultural society and what educational institutions can do in conjunction with community to make education a positive force such as pre- and in-service training of those who work with parents and children and creation of a positive environment in institution toward minority groups. (Author/BK)

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The article presents a study on the use of remote sensing technology to obtain quantitative topographic data for the digital imagery of the dynamics of the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. The study used a methodology that involves coupling image processing methods and archival photogrammetric techniques with image processing to quantify inundated areas of the river channel. Results show that the ground control transfer did not affect the precision of the data obtained photogrammetrically.

Visual arts exhibitions form one of the most exciting and highly-motivating aspects of any visual arts program. Likewise, in visual arts pre-service teacher education, the participation of teacher-candidates in a self-organized, community-based (gallery) art exhibition provides a rich opportunity for new learning. Knowledge of, and direct experience in, the visual arts exhibition process are elements which are surprisingly lacking in many undergraduate visual arts degree programs. This paper documents the growth of one such series of exhibitions that have taken place for nearly a decade as part of a Bachelor of Education program in Ontario, Canada. A description of the changing nature of these community events will be presented, as will the perceived effects of the initiative on teacher-candidates, faculty, and the program of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of unit and compound braid bars in the sandy South Saskatchewan River, Canada, are used to test the influential facies model for sandy braided alluvium presented by Cant & Walker (1978) . Four main radar facies are identified: (1) high-angle (up to angle-of-repose) inclined reflections, interpreted as having formed at the margins of migrating bars; (2) discontinuous undular and/or trough-shaped reflections, interpreted as cross-strata associated with the migration of sinuous-crested dunes; (3) low-angle (< 6°) reflections, interpreted as formed by low-amplitude dunes or unit bars as they migrate onto bar surfaces; and (4) reflections of variable dip bounded by a concave reflection, interpreted as being formed by the filling of channel scours, cross-bar channels or depressions on the bar surface. The predominant vertical arrangement of facies is discontinuous trough-shaped reflections at the channel base overlain by discontinuous undular reflections, overlain by low-angle reflections that dominate the deposits near the bar surface. High-angle inclined reflections are only found near the surface of unit bars, and are of relatively small-scale (< 0·5 m), but can be found at a greater range of depths within compound bars. The GPR data show that a high spatial variability exists in the distribution of facies between different compound bars, with facies variability within a single bar being as pronounced as that between bars. Compound bars evolve as an amalgamation of unit bars and other compound bars, and comprise a facies distribution that is representative of the main bar types in the South Saskatchewan River. The GPR data are compared with the original model of Cant & Walker (1978) and reveal a much greater variability in the scale, proportion and distribution of facies than that presented by Cant & Walker (1978) . Most notably, high-angle inclined strata are over-represented in the model of Cant and Walker, with many bars being dominated by the deposits of low- and high-amplitude dunes. It is suggested that further GPR studies from a range of braided river types are required to properly quantify the full range of deposits. Only by moving away from traditional, highly generalized facies models can a greater understanding of braided river deposits and their controls be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the designation of heritage areas, property values and the role of local authority policy is examined through the case of Canada's oldest and largest Heritage Conservation District, St. John's Newfoundland. Investment in renovation by public authorities and individuals is a risky undertaking which does not necessarily result in private and public gains. The causes of the failure of the St. John's Heritage Conservation Area (HCA) to generate private property investment for renovation and enhancement of the historic district are investigated. Conclusions are drawn about the relationship of local authority goals and policies and private initiatives so that the preconditions for possible success and the minimising of risk, of relevance elsewhere, can be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses digital elevation models and ground-penetrating radar to quantify the relation between the surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentology in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. A unique aspect of the methodology is that both digital elevation model and ground-penetrating radar data were collected from the same locations in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, thus enabling the surface morphodynamics to be tied explicitly to the associated evolving depositional product. The occurrence of a large flood in 2005 also allowed the influence of discharge to be assessed with respect to the process-product relationship. The data demonstrate that the morphology of the study reach evolved even during modest discharges, but more extensive erosion was caused by the large flood. In addition, the study reach was dominated by compound bars before the flood, but switched to being dominated by unit bars during and after the flood. The extent to which the subsurface deposits (the 'product') were modified by the surface morphodynamics (the 'process') was quantified using the changes in radar-facies recorded in sequential ground-penetrating radar surveys. These surveys reveal that during the large flood there was an increase in the proportion of facies associated with bar margin accretion and larger dunes. In subsequent years, these facies became truncated and replaced with facies associated with smaller dune sets. This analysis shows that unit bars generally become truncated more laterally than vertically and, thus, they lose the high-angle bar margin deposits and smaller scale bar-top deposits. In general, the only fragments that remain of the unit bars are dune sets, thus making identification of the original unit barform problematic. This novel data set has implications for what may ultimately become preserved in the rock record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of the origin of alluvial deposits and their paleoenvironmental interpretation has traditionally involved two schools of thought: that alluvial deposits are either the result of processes that, on average, have acted uniformly through time, or that they are related to exceptional events that occur infrequently. Despite the longrunning debate of gradualism versus catastrophism within the earth sciences, there are surprisingly few quantitative data to assess the magnitude of events that produce alluvial sedimentary successions. We report on a unique natural experiment where surface (digital elevation model) and subsurface (ground penetrating radar) data were taken immediately prior to and after a large (1 in 40 yr) flood event on the sandy, braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Results show that although this high-magnitude flood reworked the entire braidplain, the scale of scour and style of deposition were similar to those associated with lower magnitude annual floods. The absence of a distinct imprint of this large flood within the deposits is related to the fact that as river discharge rises, and begins to flow over the bank, channel width increases at a much faster rate than flow depth, and thus the rate of increase in channel-bed shear stress declines. Hence, rather than being a product of either frequent or rare events, alluvial deposits are likely created by a range of different magnitude floods; however, discriminating between these different scale events in the rock record may be extremely difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]