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The aim of this study was to assess the utility of ultrasonography in a rural African hospital in Cameroon with scarce resources. A prospective questionnaire was administered and completed for each of the 1,119 consecutive cases included in the study. Among these 1,119 cases, the diagnosis made by clinicians and by echography could be verified by another means for 323 patients. Ultrasonography showed abnormal findings in 78% of the cases. In the group of 323 patients in which the diagnosis made by echography could be verified, it was correct in 95.4% of the cases, erroneous in 4.6% of the cases, judged useful for diagnosis in 67.8% of the cases, and not contributive in 27.6% of the cases. Ultrasonography was judged useful when treatment was decided upon in 62% of the cases. This study demonstrated the value of ultrasonography in the context of a developing country and the conditions by which its use could be delineated.