1. Two novel noroviruses and a novel norovirus genogroup in California sea lions.
- Author
-
Teng JLL, Martelli P, Chan WM, Lee HH, Hui SW, Lau CCY, Tse H, Yuen KY, Lau SKP, and Woo PCY
- Subjects
- Animals, California, Feces virology, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Norovirus genetics, Norovirus isolation & purification, Open Reading Frames genetics, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Whole Genome Sequencing, Caliciviridae Infections veterinary, Genome, Viral, Norovirus classification, Sea Lions virology
- Abstract
In this study, two novel noroviruses (NoVs) were discovered from faecal samples from California sea lions from an oceanarium in Hong Kong, and named California sea lion NoV 1 (Csl/NoV1) and California sea lion NoV 2 (Csl/NoV2). Whole-genome sequencing showed that the genome organization and amino acid motifs of both Csl/NoV1 and Csl/NoV2 were typical of those of other NoVs in their open reading frames (ORFs). Csl/NoV1 possessed only 52.6-52.8 % amino acid identity in VP1 to the closest matches in genogroup GII. Therefore, Csl/NoV1 should constitute a novel genogroup of NoV. Shifting of the phylogenetic position of Csl/NoV1 in the RdRp, VP1 and VP2 trees was observed, which may have been due to recombination events and/or biased mutations. Csl/NoV2 possessed 55.4-56.2 % amino acid identity in VP1 to its closest relatives in genogroup GVI, which means that it represents a new genotype in genogroup GVI. Further studies will reveal what diseases these NoVs can cause in marine mammals.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF