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University and secondary school educators recognize many high school students will undertake a post-secondary education but find themselves unprepared for the academic demands once they arrive on campus. Although many high school students appear to possess basic abilities in retrieving information, particularly when searching the Internet, they often lack the critical evaluation skills needed to succeed at the college level (Jackson & Hansen, 2006). Developing the necessary information literacy skills among high school students to support a successful transition to college is a unique undertaking for any institution. The authors provide a case study of an outreach effort between an academic library and an urban high school during challenging budgetary times. Lessons learned from the development of their information literacy instructional program and the instructional tools created will be discussed. Student outcomes within the collaboration which include the development of research and critical thinking skills necessary to succeed after high school will be addressed as well. This collaboration may serve as a model for other institutions developing similar programming. (Contains 2 figures.)

The white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is the largest freshwater fish in North America. Because of the unique life history characteristics of sturgeon, including longevity, late maturation and long spawning intervals, their aquaculture can be a significant investment of resources. As a result of habitat loss and overharvesting, natural populations of white sturgeon are threatened and there is a growing effort to improve conservation aquaculture programs. Germ cell transplantation is an innovative technology previously demonstrated in a variety of fish species to be able to produce a surrogate broodstock. The technique relies upon optimal donor germ cell recovery and transplantation into a recipient fish. In this study, we developed and optimized the harvest of donor cells for germline transplantation and evaluated methods for ovary cryopreservation for the first time in the white sturgeon. We found that harvesting gonads from juveniles between the ages of 1.5 and 2.5-years resulted in reliably high proportions of pre-meiotic cells regardless of sex, a critical feature for using white sturgeon for transplantation studies since the species shows no distinguishing external sex characteristics. From the viable cells, we identified germline cells using immunolabeling with the antibody DDX4, a marker specific to the germline. For in vivo tracking of donor cells during transplantations, gonadal cells were stained with a long half-life non-toxic cell membrane dye, PKH26, and microinjected into the peritoneal cavity of newly hatched white sturgeon larvae. Larvae were reared until 3 months post-transplantation to monitor for colonization and proliferation of PKH26-labeled cells within the recipient larval gonads. Furthermore, viable cell detection, assessment of germline-specificity, and transplantation was determined for cells recovered from cryopreserved ovarian tissue from sexually immature females. Transplantations using cells cryopreserved with media supplemented with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) rather than ethylene glycol (EG) demonstrated the highest number of PKH26-labeled cells distributed along the gonadal ridges of the larval recipient. Determining optimal methods of tissue cryopreservation, and germ cell recovery and transplantation are foundational to the future development of germ cell transplantation as a strategy to improve the aquaculture and conservation of this species. Our study demonstrates that conservation actions, such as surrogate breeding, could be utilized by hatcheries to retain or improve natural gamete production without genetic modification, and provide an encouraging approach to the management of threatened sturgeon species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse childhood experiences are demonstrated risk factors for depression, a common co-morbidity of multiple sclerosis, but are understudied among people with multiple sclerosis. Objective: Estimate the association between adverse childhood experiences and depression among 1,990 adults with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Participants were members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California from two studies between 2006 and 2021 and were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis by a neurologist. Adverse childhood experiences were assessed using two instruments, including the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants self-reported ever experiencing a major depressive episode. Meta-analysis random effects models and logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and a history of depression across study samples. Adverse childhood experiences were expressed as any/none, individual events, and counts. Models adjusted for sex, birth year, race, and ethnicity. Results: Exposure to any adverse childhood experiences increased the odds of depression in people with multiple sclerosis (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.21–2.42). Several individual adverse childhood experiences were also strongly associated with depression, including "significant abuse or neglect" (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.11–3.68). Conclusion: Findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences are associated with depression among people with multiple sclerosis. Screening for depression should be done regularly, especially among people with multiple sclerosis with a history of adverse childhood experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California's new standards for training future school counselors link to the current national movement for school reform, ensuring the next generation of school counselors can advocate for both students and for the changes needed in the school counseling profession. (Author)

Zoos strive to create experiences that inspire positive feelings toward animals which lead to conservation behaviors in their visitors. However, concerns regarding the welfare of animals living in zoos present a challenge in creating positive zoo experiences and promoting the conservation agenda and moral authority of these cultural institutions. This research explores connections between zoo visitors' positive affective responses and their assessments of animal welfare before and after two giraffes were introduced to a group of four giraffes in a multi-species savannah exhibit. A self administered questionnaire was completed by 499 visitors to the Conservation Society of California's Oakland Zoo. The questionnaire measured visitors' predispositions, affective responses, and assessments of animal welfare. Results suggest that visitors' assessments of animal welfare, positive affective experience, and predisposition are positively correlated. Further, visitor assessments of animal welfare are generally more positive after the addition of new giraffes. Although visitors tended to report that the giraffes were very healthy and well cared for, they responded less positively when asked about how happy the giraffes were and how adequately sized their exhibit was. The findings suggest that understanding and improving zoo visitors' assessments of animal welfare is important in improving positive experiences and conservation education outcomes during a visit to the zoo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the question of whether racial identity among African American women mediated the relationship between gendered racism and anticipated relationship threat. Using the Multicultural Assessment Intervention Process (MAIP) framework, we examined the relationship of gendered racism, racial identity, and anticipated relationship threat among a convenience sample of 411 African American women. A structural model was configured with gendered racism directly predicting anticipated relationship threat and racial identity serving as a mediator. Results indicated that greater levels of perceived gendered racism were associated with greater perceptions of anticipated relationship threat. Racial identity was found to not mediate the association with anticipated relationship threat. Individuals with less education experienced higher levels of concern regarding physical safety and controlling behaviors than those with more education. Implications for future relationship threat research with African American women are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial turf fields are increasingly being installed with lighter weight infill systems that incorporate a pad underlayer, which is reported to reduce surface shock and decrease injuries. At this time, the effects of a pad underlayer on football trauma are unknown. Hypothesis: Athletes would not experience differences in surface-related injuries between pad and no-pad fields. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Artificial turf fields were divided into 2 groups based on a pad underlayer or no-pad system, with 58 high schools participating across 3 states over the course of 7 seasons. Outcomes of interest included injury severity, head and knee trauma, injury category, primary type of injury, injury mechanism, anatomic location of trauma, tissue type injured, and elective imaging and surgical procedures. Data underwent multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) using general linear model procedures and were expressed as injury incidence rates per 10-game season. Results: Of 658 varsity games, 260 games were played on fields containing pads, and 398 games were played on no-pad fields, with 795 surface-related injuries reported. MANOVA indicated significant main effects by injury severity (F 3,791 = 11.436; P <.0001), knee trauma (F 9,785 = 2.435; P =.045), injury category (F 3,791 = 3.073; P <.0001), primary type of injury (F 10,785 = 2.660; P <.0001), injury mechanism (F 13,781 = 2.053; P <.001), anatomic location (F 16,778 = 1.592; P <.001), type of tissue injured (F 4,790 = 4.485; P <.0001), and elective imaging and surgical procedures (F 4,790 = 4.248; P <.002). Post hoc analyses indicated significantly greater incidences (P <.05) of substantial and severe injury, player-to-turf trauma, patellofemoral syndrome, neck strain, lower leg strain, and elective imaging and surgical procedures when games were played on padded turf fields. No differences in concussion rate from turf impact between pad and no-pad fields were observed. Conclusion: In contrast to conventional wisdom, the addition of a pad under an artificial turf surface increases injury rates when compared with nonpadded fields across most injury categories. At this time, findings do not support the current trend of installing lightweight padded infill systems at the high school level of play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California's data on 59,000 mentally retarded/developmentally delayed persons were examined. Despite claims of excess institutional population and the availability of residential alternatives, 52.5% of all persons resided in their natural homes: small family care units held 14.2% of the population and institutions, 12.8%. (Author/CL)

The Larry P. decision is criticized with reference to: (1) predictive tests and the standard curriculum; (2) the court's portrayal of special classes; (3) the effects of the 1972 decision on special class enrollment; (4) semantic confusion; and (5) the impact on Black children who experience academic difficulty. (Author/CTM)

This article provides information on the Center for Quality of Working Life established within the Institute of Industrial Relations at the University of California in Los Angeles. The center aims to enhance the quality of life at the workplace and seeks collaborative relations with private and non-private institutions including professionals. The center's action-research approach is geared towards the development of better techniques for investigating the expectation of workers bring to the job and in distinguishing between economic and psychological work satisfaction.

This study explores self-related outcomes (e.g., esteem, self-concept clarity, existential well-being) as a function of the interaction between self-reported levels of death fear and death denial. Consistent with the idea that positive existential growth can come from individuals facing, rather than denying, their mortality (Cozzolino, 2006), the authors observed that not fearing and denying death can bolster important positive components of the self. That is, individuals low in death denial and death fear evidenced an enhanced self that is valued, clearly conceived, efficacious, and that has meaning and purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterise the exposure of non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in a vehicle using biomarkers, (2) to describe the time course of the biomarkers over 24 h, and (3) to examine the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and airborne concentrations of SHS markers. Methods Eight non-smokers were individually exposed to SHS in cars with fully open front windows and closed back windows over an hour from a smoker who smoked three cigarettes at 20 min intervals. The non-smokers sat in the back seat on the passenger side, while the smoker sat in the driver's seat. Plasma cotinine and urine cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine (3HC) and 4- (methylnitrosoamino)-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were compared in samples taken at baseline (BL) and several time-points after exposure. Nicotine, particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured inside and outside the vehicle and ventilation rates in the cars were measured. Results Average plasma cotinine and the molar sum of urine cotinine and 3HC (COT+3HC) increased four-fold, urine cotinine increased six-fold and urine NNAL increased ~27 times compared to BL biomarker levels. Plasma cotinine, urine COT+3HC and NNAL peaked at 4-8 h post-exposure while urine cotinine peaked within 4 h. Plasma cotinine was significantly correlated to PM2.5 (Spearman correlation rs=0.94) and CO (rs=0.76) but not to air nicotine. The correlations between urine biomarkers, cotinine, COT+3HC and NNAL, and air nicotine, PM2.5 and CO were moderate but nonsignificant (rs range = 0.31-0.60). Conclusions Brief SHS exposure in cars resulted in substantial increases in levels of tobacco biomarkers in non-smokers. For optimal characterisation of SHS exposure, tobacco biomarkers should be measured within 4-8 h post-exposure. Additional studies are needed to better describe the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and environmental markers of SHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concerns about the role of the St. Gregory of Nyssa Episcopal Church in San Francisco, California in the tradition of the Christian faith highlighting the practice patterns of baptism and confirmation. It looks at the issues concerning the change in the sacramental norm of baptism and eucharistic practice and participation. It also examines the 1979 prayer book "Book of Common Prayer" which reshaped the practice of baptism and reoriented the baptismal theology.

The recent H1N1 pandemic influenza stimulated numerous studies into the attitudes and intentions about the H1N1 vaccine. However, no study has investigated prospective predictors of vaccination behaviour. We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study among residents in four US cities during the course of the H1N1 outbreak, using Internet surveys to assess demographic, cognitive and emotional predictors of H1N1 vaccination behaviour. Surveys were conducted at two time points, before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the H1N1 vaccine was widely available to the public. Results show that Time 2 vaccination rates, but not Time 1 vaccination intentions, tracked H1N1 prevalence across the four cities. Receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine in the previous year, worry, compliance with recommended interventions, household size and education assessed at Time 1 were significant prospective predictors of vaccination behaviour. Perception of the H1N1 vaccine, social influence and prioritised vaccine recipient status assessed at Time 2 also predicted vaccination behaviour. Critically, worry about H1N1 mediated the effects of both objective risk (prevalence at the city level) and perceived risk on vaccination behaviour. These results suggest that H1N1 vaccination behaviour appropriately reflected objective risk across regions, and worry acted as the mechanism by which vaccination behaviour followed objective risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses about molecular phylogeny of Limnanthes and the abnormal population of the plants in Half Moon Bay, California. Limanthes is a plant genus under Limnanthaceae, an annual herb family that has abundant species growing in the temperate areas of North America. The case of the odd Limanthes population located in Half Moon Bay, California reveals that the plants only grow within a harvested Brussels sprout field in the town.

The article reports on the study of English as a Second Language (ESL) curriculum of teen agricultural workers in California. The study aims to evaluate the ESL curriculum of teen agricultural workers to protect their health and safety from agricultural injuries. It uses the quasi-experimental design which included two thousand students from California's agricultural communities. It founds out that the ESL curriculum increases knowledge and educate teen farm workers about health and safety in the field workplace.

Sediment bacteria play important roles in the biogeochemistry of ocean sediments; however, factors influencing assemblage composition have not been extensively studied. We examined extractable sediment bacterial abundance, the composition of bacterial assemblages using a high-throughput molecular fingerprinting approach, and several sediment biogeochemical parameters (organic matter content and alkaline phosphatase activity), along a 35 km transect from Point Fermin, Southern California, to Santa Catalina Island, across the approximately 900-m-deep San Pedro Basin. Automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) demonstrated that in two spatially isolated shallow (approximately < 60 m, on opposite sides of the channel) sediment environments, assemblages were more similar to each other than to deeper communities. Distinct communities existed in deeper and shallower sediments, and stations within the deep basin over 2 km apart contained remarkably similar assemblage fingerprints. The relative contribution to total amplified DNA fluorescence of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was significantly correlated to that of other OTUs in few comparisons (2.7% of total), i.e. few bacterial types were found together or apart consistently. The relative proportions within assemblages of only a few OTU were significantly correlated to measured physicochemical parameters (organic matter content and wet/dry weight ratio of sediments) or enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) activities. A low percentage of shared OTU between shallow and deep sediments, and the presence of similar, but spatially isolated assemblages suggests that bacterial OTU may be widely dispersed over scales of a few kilometres, but that environmental conditions select for particular assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates the commonly used winegrape trellis systems with regard to the risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries to the wrist and lower back of a person while pruning in California. Eleven compensated workers at the vineyards administered by the Department of Viticulture and Enology participated in this study. The participants performed a simulated pruning task as wrist and trunk postures were gathered using electrogoniometers. The results showed postural differences among the trellis systems. Compared to the other systems, the vertical shoot positioned was determined to be the optimal system in terms of decreasing relative musculoskeletal disorder risk.

The articles studies the effectiveness of an intervention, the use of a smaller picking tub, on the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers in wine grape vineyards during two harvest seasons in California. Back injuries are the most common and costly of work-related injuries in agriculture. According to the study, hand-harvest work is the most physically demanding and intense period during the annual wine-grape crop cycle.

The article discusses clinical trial accrual. Remarkable advances in the treatment of cancer have been made over the past years. These improvements result from a combination of advances in the basic sciences, pharmaceuticals, radiation and surgery. There is little question that performance of a clinical trial, always difficult, has become considerably more arduous in the past few years. A number of reasons, including increased complexity, more stringent entry criteria and increased regulatory oversight have been cited for few patients actually enrolling on trials. Cancer clinical trials are essential to the development of new therapies and to improving patient outcomes. However, the rates of enrollment of patients with cancer to clinical trials remain dismally low, despite the fact that cancer patients and the public seem to have generally positive attitudes toward cancer research.

Hospice at the California Medical Facility (CMF) Vacaville dates back to the mid-1980s, when the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic began to be felt throughout California's Department of Corrections. Vacaville has served for decades as the principal location for delivering health services to California's incarcerated men. Informal hospice-like services were inspired by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross and through inmate and community calls for more humane care for dying inmates. By 1990, efforts to formally establish a hospice were under way. In 1996, a 17-bed, state-licensed hospice began caring for dying inmates. An interdisciplinary team plans and delivers the care, meeting weekly to admit and review patients. The Pastoral Care Services (PCS) inmate volunteer program, with more than 50 trained participants, provides care and comfort to dying patients in hospice and to ill patients on the general medicine service. PCS volunteers perform many duties, including sitting vigil with actively dying inmates. Inmates enrolling in hospice have to forgo further curative therapy, consent to the program in writing, and have a 6-month or less survival prognosis; patients are not required to have a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, but are encouraged to consider one. Training for physicians, staff and PCS volunteers is provided by the University of California, Davis faculty of the West Coast Center for Palliative Education. Bereavement services are provided for PCS volunteers, other inmate "family" and staff. Family and friends of the deceased in the free community are followed by phone, mail, and primarily through referral to resources in their local area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any child care subsidy appears to be a relatively rare and uncertain event. In this study, we use data from a sample of low-income single mothers (current and recent welfare recipients in California) to estimate the probability of their receiving child care subsidies and the effect of this probability on labor market activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines interactions between the policy environment and schools as institutions to understand how eight middle and high schools in California responded to demands to improve student reading. The authors argue that school-level reading programs were shaped by the broader institutional environment: institutional norms that govern conceptions of appropriate roles and responsibilities, technical components of the middle and high school curriculum, and the limitations posed by resource constraints. The authors consider the state curriculum policy an impetus for schools to focus on reading development but insufficient to overcome these other important constraints. At the same time, the authors contend that the organization and allocation of resources to support instruction made important contributions to reading development. This article uses data from case studies of 8 middle and high schools located in 6 school districts in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With support of a NIOSH Community Partners grant, the authors reviewed data from three cooperating vineyard companies in Napa and Sonoma Counties, finding both high rates of evidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and identifying priority MSD hazards for intervention. Data from OSHA 200 injury report logs identified 29 reported MSDs and 435 lost workdays in a working population of 194 in a 30-month period. The majority of these (20) involved backstrain. High risk job tasks were identified, including: employer-identified tasks, analysis of injury reports, and ergonomics risk factor checklist survey of task work. Triangulating across these three data groups resulted in identification of high priority tasks, including: hand harvest work, hand pruning, and weeding using shovels. Priority risk factors for back injury in these jobs were: repetitive lifting of heavy loads, repetitive exertion of force by the trunk and upper extremities, and repetitive or sustained awkward postures of the trunk (including full stoop and twisting with loads). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines limitation rules on the restitution of art and cultural object in Great Britain and California. Under English and Scottish law, claims for the restitution of cultural property are subjected to limitation period. In July 2000, the British government considered changes to legislation on cultural property and limitation period like treating such property as a sui generis concept. California has applied a discovery rule form of limitations statute to the recovery of stolen art.

Large number of children are affected with disability and chronic illness. As many as 30% of all children are estimated to have a chronic health condition. Children's disabilities impose substantial costs on both families and public services. Children in poor families are at heightened risk for disabilities and chronic health problems. Prevalence and costs of disabilities on poor children have not been given due importance in research on poverty and welfare. This article analyzes the prevalence of childhood disabilities and chronic illness among welfare recipient families in California and the probability families caring for these children experience higher out-of-pocket costs and material hardship than do other similar families. These families suffer great hardship as the disabled child requires personal attention and care. This limits job options for the family members and imposes added cost burden. This must be supported by the state as these families need continuing help to provide adequate care for their children.

Argues that California physicians have an obligation to perform all socially sanctioned medical services, including abortions, and thus that the burden of justification lies upon those who wish to be excused from that obligation. Conflicting laws and regulations in California; Sources of the obligation to provide services; Problems with California's conscience clause.

The article discusses the study made on the attitudes of mentally retarded children in Los Angeles, California. The purpose of the said study was to determine the nature of community information and attitude toward the mentally retarded children and their education. A random sampling was used from the two groups of persons that were randomly selected from the 80 000 people in Los Angeles. Results revealed big difference relating to the respondents' status.

Vineyards are sampled on multiple occasions during the growing season for a range of purposes, particularly to assess fruit maturation. The objective of this work was to determine if satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) vineyard images could be used to compute optimal spatially explicit sampling protocols for determining fruit maturation and quality, and minimize the number of locations physically sampled in a vineyard. An algorithm was designed to process Landsat images to locate three consecutive pixels that best represent the three quantile means representing the left tail, center, and right tail of the NDVI pixel population of a vineyard block. This new method (NDVI3) was compared to a commonly used method (CM8) and random sampling (R20) in 13 and 16 vineyard blocks in 2016 and 2017, respectively, in the Central Valley of California. Both NDVI3 and CM8 were highly correlated with R20 in pairwise comparisons of soluble sugars, pH, titratable acidity, and total anthocyanins. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicated that NDVI pixels sampled via the NDVI3 method generally better represented the block population than pixels selected by CM8 or R20. Analysis of 24 blocks over a 3-year period indicated that sampling solutions were temporally stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although seasonal influenza vaccines block most predominant influenza types and subtypes, humans still remain vulnerable to waves of seasonal and new potential pandemic influenza viruses for which no immunity may exist because of viral antigenic drift and/or shift. Previously, we described a human monoclonal antibody (hMAb), KPF1, which was produced in human embryonic kidney 293T cells (KPF1-HEK) with broad and potent neutralizing activity against H1N1 influenza A viruses (IAV) in vitro, and prophylactic and therapeutic activities in vivo. In this study, we produced hMAb KPF1 in tobacco plants (KPF1-Antx) and demonstrated how the plant-produced KPF1-Antx hMAb possesses similar biological activity compared with the mammalian-produced KPF1-HEK hMAb. KPF1-Antx hMAb showed broad binding to recombinant HA proteins and H1N1 IAV, including A/California/04/2009 (pH1N1) in vitro, which was comparable to that observed with KPF1-HEK hMAb. Importantly, prophylactic administration of KPF1-Antx hMAb to guinea pigs prevented pH1N1 infection and transmission in both prophylactic and therapeutic experiments, substantiating its clinical potential to prevent and treat H1N1 infections. Collectively, this study demonstrated, for the first time, a plant-produced influenza hMAb with in vitro and in vivo activity against influenza virus. Because of the many advantages of plant-produced hMAbs, such as rapid batch production, low cost, and the absence of mammalian cell products, they represent an alternative strategy for the production of immunotherapeutics for the treatment of influenza viral infections, including emerging seasonal and/or pandemic strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the Art Team, a unique art and design program for young talent in South Central Los Angeles, California. Founder of the program; Accomplishments of the Art Team; Profile of Team's members.

The article discusses a case of botulism that originated from the home preparation of fermented tofu in California. Botulism is described as a toxin-induced paralytic illness marked by descending flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve palsies. An antitoxin is prescribed to treat botulism. The couple afflicted with botulism had symptoms of double vision, ptosis, and dizziness. In cultures of stool samples from both patients, Clostridium botulinum type A was detected. The article remarks that clinicians and public health workers should be aware that home preparation of fermented tofu can lead to foodborne botulism.