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OBJECTIVES: Many interventions in bronchiolitis are low-value or poorly studied. Inpatient bronchiolitis management is multidisciplinary, with varying degrees of registered nurse (RN) and respiratory therapist (RT) autonomy. Understanding the perceived benefit of interventions for frontline health care personnel may facilitate deimplementation efforts. Our objective was to examine perceptions surrounding the benefit of common inpatient bronchiolitis interventions. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of inpatient pediatric RNs, RTs, and physicians/licensed practitioners (P/LPs) (eg, advanced-practice practitioners) from May to December of 2021 at 9 university-affiliated and 2 community hospitals. A clinical vignette preceded a series of inpatient bronchiolitis management questions. RESULTS: A total of 331 surveys were analyzed with a completion rate of 71.9%: 76.5% for RNs, 57.4% for RTs, and 71.2% for P/LPs. Approximately 54% of RNs and 45% of RTs compared with 2% of P/LPs believe albuterol would be "extremely or somewhat likely" to improve work of breathing (P < .001). Similarly, 52% of RNs, 32% of RTs, and 23% of P/LPs thought initiating or escalating oxygen in the absence of hypoxemia was likely to improve work of breathing (P < .001). Similar differences in perceived benefit were observed for steroids, nebulized hypertonic saline, and deep suctioning, but not superficial nasal suctioning. Hospital type (community versus university-affiliated) did not impact the magnitude of these differences. CONCLUSIONS: Variation exists in the perceived benefit of several low-value or poorly studied bronchiolitis interventions among health care personnel, with RNs/RTs generally perceiving higher benefit. Deimplementation, educational, and quality improvement efforts should be designed with an interprofessional framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal hypoxia threatens estuarine nursery habitat for juvenile demersal fishes worldwide, and is expected to intensify with climate change. This study examines the physiological tolerances of hypoxia in two ecologically and economically important flatfish species that co-occur in a highly eutrophic estuary and biodiversity hotspot on California's central coast, the Elkhorn Slough. Juveniles of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) occur less frequently in areas of the slough where dissolved oxygen (DO) ≤ 4.0 mg/L O 2 compared to speckled sanddabs (Citharichthys stigmaeus), suggesting that English sole may be more sensitive to hypoxia. We exposed both species to an ecologically relevant, acute six-hour exposure to six DO levels ranging from ambient to severely hypoxic: 8.0, 6.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, and 1.5 mg/L O 2 and measured known physiological and biochemical indicators of hypoxia stress. As DO declined, metabolic rate and aerobic scope decreased for English sole, while anaerobic activity (measured by L-lactate) and ventilation rate increased for both species. Biochemical responses to hypoxia were observed only at very low DO levels (≤ 4.0 mg/L O 2), indicating that both species appear to have a higher tolerance for relatively short-term hypoxia than other teleost fishes. Speckled sanddabs increased ventilation rate and anaerobic activity at higher DO levels than English sole, suggesting that earlier onset of compensatory mechanisms may contribute to the greater relative hypoxia tolerance in sanddabs. Examining the link between physiological and ecological thresholds for hypoxia tolerance will help determine suitable nursery habitat areas and management targets for estuarine restoration, and aid in predictions of fishery success under eutrophication and climate change. • English sole and speckled sanddabs display high tolerance for short-term hypoxia. • Speckled sanddabs may demonstrate greater hypoxia tolerance than English sole. • English sole display greater interindividual variation in response to hypoxia. • Metabolic rate and aerobic scope decline with decreasing dissolved oxygen. • Anaerobic activity and ventilation rate increase with decreasing dissolved oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that ventilator weaning protocols provide benefit to children receiving mechanical ventilation, but many protocols do not include explicit instructions for decreasing ventilator support from maximal settings. We evaluated care provider opinions on ventilator weaning recommendations made by a computerized decision support tool. METHODS: Recommendations for ventilator adjustment were generated using a computerized decision support tool based on the ARDSNet protocol using data from children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure admitted to the pediatric ICU (PICU). Attending physicians, fellows, nurse practitioners, and respiratory therapists (RTs) caring for these patients answered a brief survey to assess whether recommendations were reasonable and whether the practitioner believed they could be implemented. RESULTS: RTs completed 99 surveys and ICU providers completed 96 surveys based on data from 10 patients. RTs and ICU providers found 63.9% and 65.3% of recommendations reasonable, respectively. There were 5 instances of disagreement between RTs and ICU providers. The percent of recommendations that RTs thought could be implemented was 29.9%, whereas this figure for ICU providers was 26.3%, with 4 instances of disagreement. Free-text responses indicated that many RTs and ICU providers were concerned about disrupting current patient stability and low tidal volumes. CONCLUSIONS: On initial evaluation, the decision support tool did not appear to be highly acceptable to RTs and ICU providers in our setting because recommendations were rarely implemented. In addition, acceptability did not increase over time as patients generally improved. Most respondents preferred to make no ventilator changes and felt the recommendations were too aggressive. The notable barrier to use was a perception of potential patient instability with weaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining dissolved oxygen (DO) is emerging as an increasingly important stressor in nearshore ecosystems, and there is a growing need to better understand DO dynamics and hypoxia risk in this highly variable environment. In this study, we collected data from monthly cruises on the inner shelf, continuous nearshore moorings inside and outside a small coastal upwelling embayment (San Luis Obispo Bay in Central California), and weekly phytoplankton measurements inside the bay during the upwelling season. Nearshore DO was generally dominated by low-frequency synoptic variability, with increased DO variance near the surface relative to the bottom and inside the bay compared to outside. Two nearshore hypoxic regimes were identified. In the first regime, which occurred during periods of strong upwelling in the spring across all nearshore sites, the nearshore bottom water temperature-DO (T-DO) relationship was aligned with that found offshore, suggesting hypoxia was driven by the direct advection and cross-shelf exchange of low DO subthermocline waters from the shelf. This period also coincided with minimal water-column stratification, small vertical DO differences, and a diatom-dominated phytoplankton assemblage. In the second regime, which occurred during summer months and was characterized by weaker upwelling, strong stratification, and dinoflagellate-dominated phytoplankton assemblage, the near-bottom T-DO relationship inside the bay deviated significantly from that on the shelf offshore. These hypoxic events inside the bay were likely driven by localized respiration and lack of ventilation of bottom waters due to strong stratification. Collectively, these observations reveal a shift in the strength and magnitude of physical versus biological processes driving nearshore DO dynamics. The high spatiotemporal variability of DO dynamics in upwelling bays means that they are likely to be at the forefront of ecosystem impacts of and adaptions to climate change, and may act as sentinel systems or "canaries on the coast." • Seasonal shifts in physical-biological processes driving nearshore oxygen dynamics. • Spring nearshore hypoxic regime driven by upwelling of low oxygen shelf waters. • Summer nearshore hypoxic regime driven by stratification and local respiration. • Summer hypoxic regime absent outside the retentive embayment. • Upwelling bays vulnerable to hypoxia and may be sentinel systems for climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study which aims to evaluate the link between changes brought on by hybrid Spartina in the physical and chemical environment and changes in benthic communities. The study was conducted in Alameda City, California. The hybrid Spartina canopy exerted a strong influence on the hydrodynamic regime, setting off a series of physical, chemical, and biological changes in the benthic system. These changes in the sediment environment included increased porewater sulfide concentrations and anoxia, resulted to poor survivorship of surface feeders like bivalves, amphipods, and polychaetes. Results of the study indicate that multiple physical, chemical, biotic, and trophic effects of the Spartina invasion led to substantial changes in benthic communities.

Presents abstracts of studies on volume and renal function, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Predominance of Stress Response Proteins in the Renal Inner Medullary Cell Proteome," by Nelly Valkova and Dietmar Kültz; "Mechanisms Responsible for Increased Vasopressin Sensitivity in Collecting Ducts From Rats With Congestive Heart Failure," by Ulla Seehusen Kruchov Madsen, Lone Broend Miller et al.; "Impairment of Pressure Natriuresis in Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia," by Jaci A. Castania, Steve Mifflin et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on neural control of respiration, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Dystrophic Hamsters Develop Long Term Depression (LTD) After Intermittent Hypoxia," by Evelyn Heymann Schlenker; "Long-Term Memory in Breathing Pattern of Humans," by Gerald L. Gebber, Paul J. Fadel et al.; "Episodic Hypoxia Induces Long Term Facilitation of Neural Drive to Tongue Protrudor and Retractor Muscles," by David D. Fuller.

Presents abstracts of studies on altitude and hypoxia, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Effects of Exercise on Immune Function of Red Blood Cells During Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure," by Ying Zhang, Yang Hu et al.; "Role of 5-HT in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sensory Long-Term Facilitation of the Carotid Body," by Ying-Jie Peng, Ganesh Kumar et al.; "Regulation of Redox Enzyme Activities by Intermittent Hypoxia," by Shakil Ahmad Khan, Guoxiang Yuan et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on lung nitric oxide and vasoregulation, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Hypoxia Attenuates Nitric Oxide Production in Bovine Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells Transfected With Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase," by Louis Gustave Chicoine, Tamara Young et al.; "Perflourochemical (PFC) Liquids Limit Murine Hyperoxic (HO) Lung Injury," by Guangfa Zhu, Yanna Li et al; "Effect of Hyperoxia on Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Mitochondrial Electron Transport Complex 1 Activity," by Robert Bongard, Brian Lindemer et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on cardiac function and dynamics, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "The Effect of Morphological Factors on Heart Function After Aortic Valve Replacement, by Wilhelm Peter Mistiaen, Philip Van Cauwelaert et al; "Isolated Heart Responsiveness to Isoproterenol After Hydralazine Treatment in Obesity," by Joan F. Carroll; "Effects of Maternal Hypoxia or Nutrient Restriction on Cardiac Remodeling and Post-Ischemic Recovery in Adult Rat Offspring," by Yi Xu, Sarah J. Williams et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on endothelial nitric oxide and cardiovascular disease, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Capillary Perfusion and Oxygen Delivery Regulation During Systematic Hypoxia," by Silvia Bertuglia; "The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Vascular Functions in Sham-Operated Female SD rats," by Shih-Hsuan Chou and Ying-Tung Lau; "Chronic Leptin Stimulation Decreases Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Release," by Anitra S. Graves, Dean J. Kleinhenz et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on ischemia, reperfusion and hypoxia, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Mechanism of Heart Rate Response to Hypoxia in Newborn Rats," by James E. Fewell, Chunfen Zhang et al.; "Effects of Global Cerebral Ischemia and Hemorrhage in Hyposically Preconditioned Rats," by Aerial L. Singleton, Ericha M. Courtright et al.; "Acute Diuretic Response to Hypoxia in Trout," by Virpi Tervonen and Mikko Nikinmaa.

Presents abstracts of studies on the regulation of blood flow and vascular function presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress in San Diego, California. "Functional Role of Endothelin Receptors in the Rat Cremaster Muscle Microcirculation," by Sara E. Klug, Kristin A. Prock, et al; "Contribution of NPY to Sympathetically-Evoked Vasoconstriction in Skeletal Muscle During Normoxin and Acute Hypoxia," by Andrew Coney and Janice Marshall; "Do Prostanoids Modulate Sympathetically-Evoked Vasoconstriction in Skeletal Muscle in Normoxin or Hypoxia," by Claire Tomlinson, Andrew M. Coney, et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on ischemia, reperfusion and hypoxia presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress in San Diego, California. "Protective Effects of Diltiazem on Cardiac Function During Hypoxic Injury is Accompanied With Inhibition of Connexin43 Dephosphorylation,' by Satoshi Matsushita; Hidetake Kurihara, etc.; "Increased Release of Uric Acid From Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells Exposed to Hypoxia Can Cause the Inhibition of Vasodilation in Pulmonary Artery Stimulated by Acetylcholine," by Sergey Zharikov, Chris Gersch, et al; "Ischemic Preconditioning, Insulin and Morphine All Cause Hexokinase Redistribution," by Coert Jozef Zuurbier, Otto Eerbeek, et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on chemoreception presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Propofol Selectively Modifies Respiratory Patterning During Severe Arterial Hypoxia in the Rabbit,' by Rebecca Roach, Anthony Quail, et al; "The Interaction of Hypoxia and core Temperature on Ventilation During Sub-Maximal Exercise," by Aaron L. Chu; Ollie Jay, et al; "Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is Necessary for Hypoxic Chemosensitivity of the Pre-Bötzinger Complex (Pre-Bötc) During Chronic Hypoxia," by Jagadeeshan Sunderram, O. Hoang-Le, et al.

Presents abstracts of several studies concerning blood-brain barrier, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 Congress held in San Diego, California. "Effects of Hypoxia on the Blood-Brain Barrier Na-K-Cl Cotransporter," by Shahin Foroutan and Martha E. O'Donnell; "Effects of Hypoxia and Vasopressin on Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Intracellular Volume," by Julien Brillaut and Martha E. O'Donnell; "Small Dense LDL Does Not Support Synaptogenesis."

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is very common in older people and is known to be associated with complaints of impaired daily functioning, including excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairments. As part of a larger study on SDB and aging, it became possible to examine the relationship between SDB and cognition in older men and women. DESIGN: A population-based longitudinal study. SETTING: In-home interviews and home sleep recordings in the greater San Diego area. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling people age 65 and older with high risk for SDB were originally studied from 1981 through 1985 and then followed every 2 years. Data from the 46 subjects who completed Visit 3 and Visit 4 are presented. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were interviewed in the home about their sleep and medical condition before each visit. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Daytime sleepiness was based on self-report. Objective sleep was recorded in the home and scored for sleep, apneas and hypopneas, and oximetry variables. RESULTS: Increases in respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (P = .036) and increases in daytime sleepiness (P = .002) were associated with decreases in cognitive performance (i.e., increases in cognitive impairment). Increases in RDI were also associated with increases in daytime sleepiness (P = .012). Change in MMSE scores was therefore regressed onto changes in RDI, daytime sleepiness, age, and education, resulting in decreases in MMSE scores being associated with increases in daytime sleepiness (P = .019) but not with changes in RDI (P = .515). There was no significant relationship between changes in oxygen saturation levels and changes in MMSE. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that declining cognitive function is associated primarily with increases in daytime sleepiness. Although cognitive decline was also associated with increases in RDI, this association did not hold in the more inclusive... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from novel influenza A virus (H1N1) infection remains uncommon. Methods: We describe the clinical profiles of adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to microbiologically confirmed H1N1 admitted to a medical intensive care unit in San Francisco, California over a 2-month period. Results: Between June 1 and July 31, 2009, 7 patients (age range: 25-66 years; 4 patients under the age of 40 years; 6 male; 1 pregnant) were diagnosed with H1N1, with 5 of 6 (83%) having initial false-negative rapid testing. All developed respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome, with 4 additionally developing multiorgan dysfunction. All were managed with a lung protective ventilator strategy (average number of days on the ventilator: 16), and 4 patients also required additional rescue therapies for refractory hypoxemia, including very high positive end-expiratory pressure, inhaled epoprostenol, recruitment maneuvers, and prone positioning. Despite these measures, 3 patients (43%) ultimately died. Conclusions: Clinicians should be vigilant for the potential of H1N1 infection to progress to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a variety of patient demographics, including younger patients without baseline cardiopulmonary disease. A high degree of suspicion is critical, especially with the relative insensitivity of rapid testing, and should prompt empiric antiviral therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Climate change is predicted to alter ocean chemistry through warming temperatures, increases in CO 2 (i.e., ocean acidification), and reductions in dissolved oxygen (DO) (i.e., hypoxia). Past research has shown that early life stages of marine fishes are sensitive to all three stressors, but with sometimes different directions of response. In this study, we examined the separate effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia on otolith growth in two species of juvenile rockfish (copper rockfish, Sebastes caurinus , and blue rockfish, Sebastes mystinus). Fishes were collected at settlement stage from kelp forests on the central California coast and reared in the laboratory for up to 6 months in 4 separate pH treatments (pH = 7.3, 7.6, 7.8, and a control of 8.0), simulating the effects of ocean acidification through the addition of CO 2 , and 4 separate dissolved oxygen treatments (DO = 2.2, 4.1, 6.0, and a control of 8.7 mg/L), simulating the effects of hypoxia. For both species, otoliths were smaller for a given fish length in response to hypoxia but were larger (trend was non-significant for copper rockfish) in response to elevated CO 2. The results suggest that otolith growth may respond differently to ocean acidification and hypoxia for some species, which has implications for sensory development, ecological performance, and interpretations of the permanent record of fish growth in hard parts such as otoliths. • Elevated CO 2 and reduced dissolved oxygen have opposite effects on otolith (earstone) development in juvenile copper and blue rockfish. • Increased CO 2 levels resulted in otoliths being larger in area for a relative fish body size in blue rockfish. • Reduced dissolved oxygen levels results in otoliths being smaller in area for a relative fish body size in both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on several studies about apoptosis in islets to be presented at the 65th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association at the San Diego Convention Center in California from June 10 to 14, 2005. Effect of adiponectin on human islets; Mechanisms of glucose-induced secretion of pancreatic derived factor in pancreatic beta cells; Influence of islet size on the survival of β-cells in human islets during oxygen deprivation.

Presents abstracts of studies on rhythm generation of respiration presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Riluzole Blocks Autoresuscitation From Fictive Hypothermia-Induced Respiratory Arrest in Neonatal Hamsters But Not Neonatal Rats," by Lieneke H. Marshall and William K. Milsom; "Influence of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Glycinergic Inhibition of Respiratory Frequency in the Neonatal Rat Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparation," by Zili Luo, Seres Costy-Bennett, et al; "Separate Roles for Central and Pulmonary Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (Mecp2) in Establishing Respiratory Pattern," by John Bissonnette, Sharon Knopp, et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on lung ventilation and gas exchange presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Possible Mechanism for Arterial Hypoxemia, AH," by Viktor Kiskukhin, Jane Kiskukhin, et al; "Mathematical Model of Oxygen Exchange Based on the Stochastic Description of Blood Flow Through Lung Capillaries," by Jane Kislukhina; "Pulmonary Function of the Male Stutterers," Hasan Serdar Gergerlioglu, Hüseyin Uysal, et al.

Presents abstracts of researches on hypoxia, ischemia and muscle presented at Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 Congress in San Diego, California. "Ischemic Postconditioning Protects the Heart from Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury," by Jinrong Wu, Makino Watanabe, Shanshuang Li, Chunzi Li and Takao Okada; "Differences in the Dynamics of Skeletal Muscle Perfusion and Cardiac Performance During Acute Hypoxia In Vivo," by Outi M. Hyyti, Xue-Han Ning, Kenneth I. Marro; "Vitamins C and E Attenuate Oxidative Damage and Neutrophil Infiltration into Skeletal Muscle Following Contractile-Induced Claudication," by Joshua Taylor Selsby, Andrew R. Judge and Stephen L. Dodd.

Presents abstracts of studies on regulation of liver growth and development, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "FGF10 Signaling in Liver and Biliary Tree Development in Mice," by Jennifer Louise Curtis, Rene Lee et al.; "Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Liver Regeneration," by Zahida Khan, Donna B. Stolz et al.; "Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Is a Critically Important Intracellular Survival Factor for Hepatocytes," by Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy, Y. Yang et al.

The article discusses a research investigating association between Alzheimer dementia mortality rate and altitude in California counties, and concludes that altitude of residence increases the risk of death from Alzheimer dementia. It states that the altitude of residence is related with environmental factors and that the oxygen levels directly affect brain physiology which influences dementia rates. It provides evidences which show that adaptation to induced hypoxia can prevent dementia.

Background: Exertional desaturation is an important predictor of mortality in patients with interstitial lung disease. We evaluated the prevalence of exertional desaturation in subjects with interstitial lung disease and determined its relationship with the prescription of ambulatory oxygen therapy., Methods: Our retrospective analysis examined prospectively collected data from interstitial lung disease registries of 2 Melbourne hospitals: Alfred Health and Austin Health. All patients with baseline the 6-min walk tests on room air were included. We evaluated the prescription of ambulatory oxygen therapy, up to 3 months after 6-min walk tests, among those with exertional desaturation., Results: Of the 400 subjects, 214 (54%) had exertional desaturation. The prevalence of desaturation increased with the severity of lung function impairment (FVC measurement: 33% for > 75% predicted, 69% for 50-75% predicted, 86% for < 50% predicted; diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide measurement: 20% for > 55% predicted, 64% for 36-55% predicted, 93% for ≤ 35% predicted, P < .001 for both severity classifications). There was no difference in the prevalence of exertional desaturation among common disease subtypes ( P = .17). Among the desaturators, 14 (7%) had resting hypoxemia and all were prescribed long-term oxygen therapy. Of the remaining 200 with exertional desaturation only, 58 (29%) were prescribed ambulatory oxygen therapy. Multiple logistic regression showed independent associations between the ambulatory oxygen therapy prescription and shorter 6-min walk distance ( P < .001) as well as worse FVC (% predicted, P = .037)., Conclusions: Exertional desaturation is common in subjects with interstitial lung disease. More severely impaired exercise capacity and worse lung function are associated with the prescription of ambulatory oxygen therapy in interstitial lung disease., (Copyright © 2019 by Daedalus Enterprises.)

The article reports on the upcoming Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society events and conferences to be held during the year 2005 and 2006. The North American Veterinary Conference is scheduled to be held in Orlando, Florida from January 7-11, 2006. Some of the topics dealt are fluid therapy with lung disease, transfusion medicine in the 21st Century and cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation among others. The ACVS 2005 is scheduled to be held in San Diego, California from October 26-29, 2005. The topics to be dealt in the conference are post-operative management of the hypoxemic patient, management of the post-operative thoraco-abdominal complications, approach to the abdominal trauma patient and respiratory acid-base monitoring among others.

Presents abstracts of studies on organelles and organ, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Phospholipase C Beta Isoforms Mediating the CCh-induced Calcium Response," by Haibi Hu and David Ian Cook; "Role of L-Type Cav1.2 Channels in the Release of Calcium Sparks in Arterial Smooth Muscle," by Maik Gollasch, Kirrill Essin et al.; "Chronic Hypoxia Differentially Regulates Basal Ca2+ Sensitivity in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Uterine Artery," by DaLiao Xiao, William J. Pearce et al.

Presents abstracts of studies on regulation of gene transcription in lungs, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Hypoxia Tolerance in Brachyuran Crustaceans: Discovery of a HIF-1 System," by Jennifer head and Nora Terwilliger; "Hypoxia Has Different Effects on the Proliferation of Kinds of Stem Cells and its Possible Mechanism," by Fan Ming, Lingling Zhu et al.; "Mechanical Ventilation of Newborn Mice: Impact on Genes That Regulate Lung Development," by Berit Jacobson, Robert Ertsey and Richard Bland.

Presents abstracts of studies on high altitude and hypoxia, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 congress held in San Diego, California. "Tibetans Maintain Intrinsic Characteristics of Adaptation to Tolerant Acute Hypoxia at Low Altitude," by Zhao-Nian Zhou, J-G Zheng et al; "Muscle Protein Expression Changes During Extremely High Altitude Exposure," by Paulo Cerretelli, Marilena Ripamonti et al; "Mechanisms by Which Exercise Training Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Microvascular Inflammation in Cremaster Venules," by Teresa A. Orth, Julie A. Allen et al.

The article explores the study concerning energy pathways that Drosophila used during several hours of oxygen deprivation or hypoxia in California. Jacob Feala at the University of California and colleagues from Burnham Institute for Medical Research in San Diego have found that flies have abilities to produce three biochemical end-products such as alanine, acetate and lactate which could help them sustain with low oxygen by improving Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) production.

Presents abstracts of several studies concerning tumor microcirculation, presented at the Experimental Biology/International Union of Physiological Sciences 2005 Congress held in San Diego, California. "Alcohol Intake With Physiologically Relevant Dose Stimulates Tumor Growth and Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) in Mice,' by Amelia Purser Bailey and Jian-Wei Gu; "Extracellular Distribution of Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Macromolecules in Tumors," by Helge Wiig, Christina C. Gyenge and Olav Tenstad; "Hypoxia Induced Tumor Angiogenic Signaling Involves NADPH Oxidase," by Mark LaSpina, Dilip S. Kittur and Kristopher G. Maier.