20 results on '"Belle"'
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2. LINC (Local Interagency Needs Assessment Capabilities) July 1, 1977 - September 30, 1978. Final Project Report.
- Author
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Alameda County Office of Education, Hayward, CA. and Witkin, Belle Ruth
- Abstract
The Local Interagency Needs Assessment Capabilities Program (LINC) was a partnership project to develop and demonstrate a model for interagency cooperation between city government and school districts, specifically in conducting needs assessments and increasing local capabilities for planning to meet human services and educational needs. It operated from July, 1977, through September, 1978, in Emeryville, California. Four agencies participated: the city of Emeryville; Emery Unified School District; Alameda County Training and Employment Board/Associated Community Action Program; and Alameda County Office of Education. Both process and product evaluation were used. A number of problems hampered the project, including reorganization of the city government, turnover in project managers, moving of the project office three times, failure of the superintendent to attend meetings, loss of the high school's accreditation, and illness of the high school principal. Nevertheless, at least eight accomplishments of the program were recognized, including two joint planning sessions of the city council and the school board, a needs assessment survey of the community, joint construction of a minipark, a human services resource directory, and a telephone information and referral service. (Author/JM)
- Published
- 1979
3. Interagency Planning: A Case Study in Murphy's Law.
- Author
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Witkin, Belle Ruth
- Abstract
A partnership project to develop and demonstrate a model for interagency cooperation between school districts and city governments operated for slightly over a year in Emeryville (California). Successful results of the project included collection of needs assessment data, completion of a social services resource guide, reopening of school playgrounds for afterschool use, and establishment of a child care center. However, the joint planning capability was never institutionalized. Problems occurred in the project implementation, and within the school district and city, that discouraged partnership. Planners of interagency linkage are advised to (1) involve organizations that have a stable governance structure and available staff and can provide the impetus for interagency planning; (2) work on specific, short-term projects that are visable early on and move from there to more general planning; (3) involve community and grassroots groups and informal power brokers as early as possible; and (4) establish interorganizational linkages with elected officials, top management, and lower level staff who have permanent positions. (MLF)
- Published
- 1979
4. Photomosaics and Logs of Trenches Associated with Study of West Napa Fault at Ehlers Lane, North of Saint Helena, California.
- Author
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Philibosian, Belle E., Sickler, Robert R., Prentice, Carol S., Pickering, Alexandra J., Gannon, Patrick, Broudy, Kiara N., Mahan, Shannon A., Titular, Jazmine N., Turner, Eli A., Folmar, Cameron, Patterson, Sierra F., and Bowman, Emilie E.
- Subjects
PHOTOGRAPHIC mosaics ,GEOLOGICAL mapping ,DECISION making ,TERRITORIAL waters - Abstract
The West Napa Fault has previously been mapped as extending -45 kilometers (km) from northern Vallejo to southern Saint Helena, California, dominantly running along the western edge of Napa Valley. A zone of fault strands (some previously unmapped) along a ~15-km section of the fault ruptured during the 2014 magnitude 6.0 South Napa earthquake, illustrating the need for further investigation of this little-studied structure. Based on light detection and ranging (lidar) topography and field examination, the fault zone likely extends an additional 10 km or more northward past Saint Helena. In this vicinity, geomorphology suggests two fault strands, one along the range front meters above the middle of the valley. In 2017, we excavated two trenches across an apparent fault scarp on the east side of one elongate hill near Ehlers Lane north of Saint Helena. Examination of the walls revealed three main sedimentary packages. The oldest package, weakly lithified alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt layers, is tilted 25°-35° to the west. Overly- ing these tilted strata are two younger sets of strata. On the west side, underlying the crest of the scarp, are alluvial fan gravels with local sand and silt lenses, potentially tilted a few degrees to the west. On the east side, deposited against the scarp, are much finer grained (dominantly fine sand to silt) subhorizontal fluvial strata, likely overbank deposits from the Napa River. We obtained age control on the two younger units through a combination of radiocarbon, infrared-stimulated luminescence, and obsidian hydration dating, establishing that they are latest Pleistocene to modem in age. Although there are no prominent unconformities within the alluvial fan sediments, sample dating indicates there are two generations, one in the 10-20 thousand year (ka) age range and one in the <3 ka age range. Owing to a general lack of well-defined laterally continuous alluvial fan units, it is difficult to distinguish contacts between the two generations except in the immediate proximity of dated samples. The river sediments approximately span the Holocene. No faults were apparent in either trench, indicating that any fault related to the observed surface deformation has not ruptured to the surface at this site during the Holocene and is likely blind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
5. San Andreas Fault Earthquake Chronology and Lake Cahuilla History at Coachella, California.
- Author
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Philibosian, Belle, Fumal, Thomas, and Weldon, Ray
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,EARTHQUAKE prediction ,LAKES - Abstract
The southernmost ~100 km of the San Andreas fault has not ruptured historically. It is imperative to determine its rupture history to better predict its future behavior. This paleoseismic investigation in Coachella, California, establishes a chronology of at least five and up to seven major earthquakes during the past ~1100 yr. This chronology yields a range of average recurrence intervals between 116 and 221 yr, depending on assumptions, with a best-estimate average recurrence interval of 180 yr. The most recent earthquake occurred c. 1690, more than 300 yr ago, suggesting that this stretch of the fault has accumulated a large amount of tectonic stress and is likely to rupture in the near future, assuming the fault follows a stress renewal model. This study also establishes the timing of the past 5-6 highstands of ancient Lake Cahuilla since A.D. 800. We found that earthquakes do not tend to occur at any particular stage in the lake cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pharmacy Access to Emergency Contraception in California.
- Author
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Foster, Diana Greene, Cohen Landau, Sharon, Monastersky, Nicole, Chung, Frances, Kim, Nancy, Melton, Mackenzie, McGhee, Belle Taylor, and Stewart, Felicia
- Subjects
HEALTH surveys ,CONTRACEPTIVES ,MEDICAL prescriptions ,REPRODUCTIVE health - Abstract
CONTEXT: California is one of eight states that allow a woman to obtain emergency contraceptives from a pharmacy without a physician prescription. Because many women do not know about emergency contraception or direct pharmacy access, it is important to understand barriers to getting the method and women's reasons for choosing the pharmacy option. METHODS: In a 2004 survey at 25 predominantly independent pharmacies across California that offered pharmacy access, 426 women completed questionnaires after obtaining emergency contraceptives. They were asked about their reasons for seeking the method, the time of unprotected intercourse, barriers to access, how they learned about pharmacy access and their reasons for choosing it. Chi-square tests and analysis of variance were used to assess differences between subgroups. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of women wanted emergency contraceptives for immediate use, and women obtained the method an average of 36 hours after unprotected intercourse. Those younger than 16, those who had had unprotected sex on the weekend and those who were embarrassed to ask for the method or who did not know about it all took a longer time to get the medication than did their respective comparison groups. Women who chose pharmacy access did so because they thought it was faster (54%) and more convenient (47%) than seeking a physician prescription. The majority reported that talking to a pharmacist was very helpful (84%) and that it was very important to be able to get the method directly from a pharmacy (81%). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing women's knowledge about emergency contraception and its availability directly from pharmacies has the potential to improve the effectiveness of this contraceptive method by reducing the time interval between unprotected intercourse and initiation of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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7. Letter Box.
- Author
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Boss, Richard C., Moeller, Belle Patrick, Fredericksen, Barbara, Duffield, Isabella, Heryford, M., Tewell, Ruth M., Williams, Bernie, Crowley, Ruth A., and Harp, A. E.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,MAGAZINE covers ,HISTORY associations ,MEMBERSHIP in associations, institutions, etc. ,AUTOBIOGRAPHY ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY - Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented on topics including a response to photographs on the back cover of the 1987 November-December issue, membership to the Humboldt County Historical Society and autobiographical information.
- Published
- 1988
8. Caught in a surprise maneuver.
- Author
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McMullen, Caroline Belle
- Subjects
MILITARY maneuvers - Abstract
Recounts the author's experience of nearly being trapped on Red Beach at Camp Pendleton in California during an amphibious landing exercise. Maneuvers conducted by the US Marines during the day; Announcement of a surprise maneuver by the Navy; Keystone Cop comedy experienced by the author and her husband.
- Published
- 1997
9. Taliban reality.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Focuses on the undercover journey made by playwright Eve Ensler to Afghanistan.
- Published
- 2001
10. Adventures in SF journalism.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Presents errors in news stories published in several newspapers circulated in San Francisco, California, as of October 11, 2001.
- Published
- 2001
11. Between the covers.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Provides information on the book 'Five Musical Premieres,' by Thomas Forrest Kelly. Theme of the book; Positive and negative points of the book.
- Published
- 2001
12. Sitcom sweetie turns sour.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Reports on the taping of the television show of lesbian actress Ellen DeGeneres.
- Published
- 2001
13. Out There.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Reports on developments in the gay and lesbian community in the U.S., as of October 11, 2001. Cancellation of the Emmy Awards, hosted by lesbian actress Ellen DeGeneres.
- Published
- 2001
14. Papa's boy.
- Author
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Friedman, Roberto and Tolls, Tallulah Belle
- Subjects
HOMOSEXUALITY - Abstract
Reports that Gregory Hemingway, son of author Ernest Hemingway died in women's jail in Miami, Florida, where he was taken after being arrested for indecent exposure and carrying women's clothing.
- Published
- 2001
15. Home front.
- Author
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Koncius, Jura and Elving, Belle
- Subjects
CHRISTMAS ,AUCTIONS - Abstract
Presents information on homes. Review of John Loring's book `A Tiffany Christmas'; Tips on entertaining for Christmas; Information on a Christie's auction to held in Los Angeles on December 15th, 1996; Listing of items up for auction.
- Published
- 1996
16. Distribution of Three Verticillium dahliae Races in Coastal California and Evaluation of Resistance in Lettuce.
- Author
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Mandal MK, Koike ST, Tsuchida C, Stanghellini H, Guerrero J, Sandoya GV, Klosterman SJ, Simko I, and Subbarao KV
- Subjects
- California, Verticillium, Lactuca microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Disease Resistance genetics, Ascomycota genetics, Ascomycota physiology
- Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae , is one of the most devastating soilborne diseases of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). There are three races of V. dahliae , and each race has been characterized by markers representing race-specific effectors. Race 1 is differentiated by the presence of the functional secretory Ave1 effector. Similarly, races 2 and 3 are differentiated by effectors VdR2e and VdR3e , respectively. Although the presence of race 1 in coastal California was well established, the presence of effector-based races 2 and 3 was uncertain. This study therefore focused on characterizing 727 isolates collected from 142 ranches of symptomatic lettuce and other crops from coastal California. Based on this evaluation, 523 isolates were designated as race 1, 20 isolates as race 2, 23 isolates as race 3, and 17 as race undefined. Isolates representing other Verticillium species totaled 110, and 34 were non- Verticillium fungal species. Because the use of resistant cultivars is a key strategy to manage this disease, we evaluated 48 lettuce germplasm lines and 1 endive ( Cichorium endivia L.) line, comprising commercial cultivars and breeding lines, including the race 1-resistant heirloom cultivar La Brillante and the susceptible cultivar Salinas as controls. Resistance against races 1, 2, and 3 along with VdLs17, a virulent isolate of V. dahliae from lettuce that is currently not assigned to a race, was evaluated in replicated greenhouse experiments. Two crisphead lettuce lines, HL28 and HL29, exhibited resistance against race 1 and a partial resistance against race 2, whereas all other lines were highly susceptible to races 1 and 2 and VdLs17. The majority of lines exhibited higher resistance to race 3 relative to the other two races. This study documents the current distribution of the different races in coastal California. In addition, the sources of resistance currently being developed should be effective or partially effective against these races for targeted deployment as soon as they are available., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Marine fog inputs appear to increase methylmercury bioaccumulation in a coastal terrestrial food web.
- Author
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Weiss-Penzias PS, Bank MS, Clifford DL, Torregrosa A, Zheng B, Lin W, and Wilmers CC
- Subjects
- Air Pollutants pharmacokinetics, Animals, Bays, California, Hair chemistry, Herbivory, Methylmercury Compounds pharmacokinetics, Pacific Ocean, Predatory Behavior, Puma growth & development, Seawater chemistry, Vibrissae chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical pharmacokinetics, Aerosols chemistry, Air Pollutants analysis, Bioaccumulation, Deer metabolism, Food Chain, Lichens chemistry, Methylmercury Compounds analysis, Puma metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Weather
- Abstract
Coastal marine atmospheric fog has recently been implicated as a potential source of ocean-derived monomethylmercury (MMHg) to coastal terrestrial ecosystems through the process of sea-to-land advection of foggy air masses followed by wet deposition. This study examined whether pumas (Puma concolor) in coastal central California, USA, and their associated food web, have elevated concentrations of MMHg, which could be indicative of their habitat being in a region that is regularly inundated with marine fog. We found that adult puma fur and fur-normalized whiskers in our marine fog-influenced study region had a mean (±SE) total Hg (THg) (a convenient surrogate for MMHg) concentration of 1544 ± 151 ng g
-1 (N = 94), which was three times higher (P < 0.01) than mean THg in comparable samples from inland areas of California (492 ± 119 ng g-1 , N = 18). Pumas in California eat primarily black-tailed and/or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and THg in deer fur from the two regions was also significantly different (coastal 28.1 ± 2.9, N = 55, vs. inland 15.5 ± 1.5 ng g-1 , N = 40). We suggest that atmospheric deposition of MMHg through fog may be contributing to this pattern, as we also observed significantly higher MMHg concentrations in lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii), a deer food and a bioindicator of atmospheric deposition, at sites with the highest fog frequencies. At these ocean-facing sites, deer samples had significantly higher THg concentrations compared to those from more inland bay-facing sites. Our results suggest that fog-borne MMHg, while likely a small fraction of Hg in all atmospheric deposition, may contribute, disproportionately, to the bioaccumulation of Hg to levels that approach toxicological thresholds in at least one apex predator. As global mercury levels increase, coastal food webs may be at risk to the toxicological effects of increased methylmercury burdens.- Published
- 2019
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18. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Strains of Bacterial Spot of Lettuce Collected in the United States.
- Author
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Fayette J, Raid R, Roberts PD, Jones JB, Pernezny K, Bull CT, and Goss EM
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, California, Florida, Genotype, Haplotypes, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Ohio, Phylogeny, Plant Leaves microbiology, Virulence, Xanthomonas campestris isolation & purification, Xanthomonas campestris pathogenicity, Genetic Variation, Lactuca microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Xanthomonas campestris genetics
- Abstract
Studies on genetic diversity and recombination in bacterial pathogens are providing a better understanding of the mechanisms shaping bacterial diversity, which can affect disease control. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, is a threat to the worldwide lettuce industry. We examined the genetic variation within a sample of 83 strains from California, Florida, and Ohio using multilocus sequence typing of six housekeeping genes, totaling 2.7 kb. Additionally, polymorphism in two virulence-related genes, hrpB2 and a putative glycosyl hydrolase, were examined. Based on housekeeping genes, we found three genetic groups of strains that were all able to induce the disease. These included strains collected from weeds and irrigation water that had haplotypes identical to strains from diseased lettuce. High linkage disequilibrium across the sequenced loci indicates that the pathogen is predominantly clonal but recombination has contributed to the observed sequence variation. Although there was significant genetic variation in X. campestris pv. vitians within and among sampled states, identical haplotypes were observed across all three states. This finding suggests that seedborne inoculum may contribute to the diversity of X. campestris pv. vitians in the United States. Knowledge of the genetic structure of the pathogen may be used for developing resistant lettuce varieties.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Trihalomethanes in marine mammal aquaria: occurrences, sources, and health risks.
- Author
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Wang JJ, Chow AT, Sweeney JM, and Mazet JA
- Subjects
- Animal Husbandry, Animals, California, Humans, Occupational Exposure, Housing, Animal, Sea Lions physiology, Trihalomethanes chemistry, Water chemistry
- Abstract
Disinfecting water containing the high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) commonly generated during pinniped husbandry may cause the formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Little information is available on DBP levels, sources, and health risks in marine mammal aquaria. Using the commonly observed trihalomethanes (THMs) as a DBP indicator, we monitored concentrations for seven months at The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California, one of the largest pinniped rehabilitation facilities in the world. Concentrations of THMs ranged 1.1-144.2 μg/L in pool waters and generally increased with number of animals housed (P < 0.05). To identify the sources of THM precursors in marine mammal aquaria, we intensively monitored the mass flows of potential THM precursors (i.e. food and wastes) in an isolated system with nine individual California sea lions to evaluate the sources and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for 2-5 weeks. The common frozen foods used in feeding pinnipeds, including herring, sardine, and squid, produced an average of 22-34 mg-DOC/g-food in water and 836-1066 μg-THM/g-food after chlorination, whereas the fecal materials, including fresh scat, decomposed scat, and urine, produced 2-16 mg-DOC/g-waste and 116-768 μg-THM/g-waste. Food not eaten by animals could cause a sharp increase of DOC and DBP production and therefore should be removed rapidly from pools. Marine mammal husbandry staff and trainers are at risk (5.16 × 10(-4) to 1.30 × 10(-3)) through exposure of THMs, exceeding the negligible risk level (10(-6)) defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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20. Resource utilization in liver transplantation: effects of patient characteristics and clinical practice. NIDDK Liver Transplantation Database Group.
- Author
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Showstack J, Katz PP, Lake JR, Brown RS Jr, Dudley RA, Belle S, Wiesner RH, Zetterman RK, and Everhart J
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, California, Female, Health Care Rationing, Health Resources economics, Hospital Charges, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization economics, Humans, Intensive Care Units economics, Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Liver Diseases economics, Liver Diseases surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Multivariate Analysis, Nebraska, Patient Selection, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Health Resources statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Liver Transplantation economics, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Resource Allocation
- Abstract
Context: Liver transplantation is among the most costly of medical services, yet few studies have addressed the relationship between the resources utilized for this procedure and specific patient characteristics and clinical practices., Objective: To assess the association of pretransplant patient characteristics and clinical practices with hospital resource utilization., Design: Prospective cohort of patients who received liver transplants between January 1991 and July 1994., Setting: University of California, San Francisco; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; and the University of Nebraska, Omaha., Patients: Seven hundred eleven patients who received single-organ liver transplants, were at least 16 years old, and had nonfulminant liver disease., Main Outcome Measure: Standardized resource utilization derived from a database created by matching all services to a single price list., Results: Higher adjusted resource utilization was associated with donor age of 60 years or older (28% [$53813] greater mean resource utilization; P=.005); recipient age of 60 years or older (17% [$32795]; P=.01); alcoholic liver disease (26% [$49596]; P=.002); Child-Pugh class C (41% [$67 658]; P<.001); care from the intensive care unit at time of transplant (42% [$77833]; P<.001); death in the hospital (35% [$67 076]; P<.001); and having multiple liver transplants during the index hospitalization (154% increase [$474 740 vs $186 726 for 1 transplant]; P<.001). Adjusted length of stay and resource utilization also differed significantly among transplant centers., Conclusions: Clinical, economic, and ethical dilemmas in liver transplantation are highlighted by these findings. Recipients who were older, had alcoholic liver disease, or were severely ill were the most expensive to treat; this suggests that organ allocation criteria may affect transplant costs. Clinical practices and resource utilization varied considerably among transplant centers; methods to reduce variation in practice patterns, such as clinical guidelines, might lower costs while maintaining quality of care.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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