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Few studies holistically examine how students experience the multiple dimensions of school climate and resilience promoting characteristics, or how these two constructs may be interrelated. This study utilised a sample of 78,550 7th, 9th, and 11th grade students in California. Roughly half of the participants were female (52%), and roughly half (49%) were Latino. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify a 6-profile model for school climate and a 2-profile model for resilience promoting characteristics. Students experiencing overall positive climate, those experiencing supportive adult relationships, and those who engage meaningfully in their work at schools were more likely to report higher resilience promoting characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of fostering positive and protective school climate. In addition, findings support a social-ecological theory of resilience, indicating that schools are contexts that may play an important role in developing resilience promoting characteristics for secondary students.

In a time of growing teacher shortages, Black teachers are rapidly and disproportionately leaving the profession. Drawing upon their interviews with 30 Black teachers in the California Bay Area, Jessica Lee Stovall and Tara R. Sullivan provide insight into what it will take to keep Black teachers in the profession. The interviews depict both the anti-Blackness that Black teachers face and their freedom dreams for a better tomorrow for their students. Ultimately, Black teachers want schools to be transformed into healing-centered spaces where they can show up authentically to create a world in which Blackness is centered and affirmed.

Given the size of the adult student population and the student affairs focus on career development in traditional age students, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore career development and the vocational self-concept (VSC) in 48 California community college welfare-to-work students. Findings suggest the importance of congruence between student roles and other life roles -- as well as the importance of sustained relationships with community college staff, as this was closely associated with VSC development. These sustained relationships are most beneficial when they help participants develop resistance strategies against messages that could damage their self-concepts. Theoretically, our findings call for differentiation between work and career, and show how VSC develops in some adult students, a process heretofore missing from the career literature. Knowing how students have been socialized to think about themselves, understanding if they can participate in career decision-making, and what their responsibilities in out-of-college contexts are is key to helping students find congruence and/or cope with incongruence stemming from balancing multiple life roles.

This research project explored the impact of seven teachers' life experiences on their core beliefs about educationally just teaching philosophy and practices. Results of a qualitative, phenomenological case study yielded six themes, each revealing particular connections between teachers' life experiences and their beliefs about educational justice. The research was conducted at high-school sites within programs designed to foster educational opportunities for students not academically succeeding within their respective institutions. Results were based on extensive interviews and classroom observations. The work is grounded in educational justice scholarship and has particular significance for teachers who work with disenfranchised student populations.

While researchers acknowledge the importance of parents feeling welcomed and engaged in their child's school, the school's welcoming practices to engage parents have been rarely explored. Parents' qualitative responses provide insight into what impacts their initial and ongoing experience of being welcomed into their child's new school. In total, 1,020 and 191 parents and/or legal guardians of students enrolled in Grades pre-K through 12 across five California school districts answered first and second open-ended qualitative questions, respectively. Findings are categorized into three separate themes. Schools play a vital role for the entire family when transitioning into a new community. Parents expressed the desire to serve as important partners for the school in creating positive outcomes for the students, classrooms, and the school as a whole.

There are numerous technology tools that educators utilize to support student learning. Often, technology is mandated from the top down with school administrators' responsible for overseeing the implementation. Innovative technological approaches to learning often meet resistance within schools. The pervasive culture in education is counteractive to technology integration, which may be useful to pedagogy and in the long run may help students deal with the ever growing level of technology present in today's society. Characteristics are identified at two out of four schools as a way of assessing the progress of technology integration and locating individuals who will help move the process forward. This knowledge, combined with competent leadership, makes the difference between success and failure of an innovation implementation. (Contains 2 tables.)

Background: Risky sexual behaviors put adolescents at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Parents, school-based adults, and peers play important roles in influencing these sex intentions. Methods: This work explored the influence of parent-child sex communication on adolescent attitudes, perceived norms, and intentions to have sex, including the moderating role of social support from school-based adults, in a sample of 21,731 adolescents in California. Results: Although increased parent-child sex communication was associated with intentions to have sex, it also exhibited protective effects, increasing abstinence attitudes among youth that led to decreased intention directly and via support from school-based adults. Conclusions: Although many factors influencing sexual behaviors are largely intrapersonal, these findings indicate the importance of an ecological approach to reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors through engagement of parents and increased school connectedness.

Purpose: Adult relationships provide critical support for adolescents because of their potential to foster positive development and provide protective influences. Few studies examine multiple ecological layers of adult relationships in connection with well-being and depression. This study examines the influence of relationships from multiple contexts for adolescents and their mental health. Method: Data from the 2011 California Healthy Kids Survey was used for this analysis; a sample of 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-grade students (N = 14,931) was drawn from 6 school districts in Southern California. Results: Regression analyses revealed that parent, teacher, and community adult support were all significantly positively associated with well-being and significantly negatively associated with depression. Discussion: Social support explained more variance in well-being than in depression, indicating that adult support may be more important for supporting well-being. This study supports the belief that individual categories and combinations of adult support are important.

Reduced feedback during practice has been shown to be detrimental to movement accuracy in children but not in young adults. We hypothesized that the reduced accuracy is attributable to reduced movement parameter learning, but not pattern learning, in children. A rapid arm movement task that required the acquisition of a motor pattern scaled to specific spatial and temporal parameters was used to investigate the effects of feedback (FB) frequency (100% vs. 62% faded) on motor learning differences between 19 school-age children and 19 young adults. Adults and children practiced the task for 200 trials under the 100% or faded FB condition on Day 1 and returned on Day 2 for a no-FB retention test. On the retention test, children who practiced with reduced feedback performed with greater temporal parameter errors, but not pattern error, than children who received frequent feedback. Motor skill learning in children is influenced by feedback frequency during practice that affects parameter learning but not pattern learning. (Contains 2 figures.)

The low representation of culturally, linguistically, and ethnically diverse (CLED) and high-poverty students in gifted and talented programs has long been an area of concern. This qualitative study investigated methods to increase successful participation of CLED students in gifted programs across the nation. Twenty-five programs were selected for inclusion in the study. Of those, 7 programs were selected for in-depth site visits that included interviews with administrators and teachers, as well as observations. Data suggested five categories that contributed to the successful identification and participation of CLED students in gifted programs. These categories included modified identification procedures; program support systems, such as front-loading (identifying high-potential children and providing opportunities for advanced work prior to formal identification); selecting curriculum/instructional designs that enable CLED students to succeed; building parent/home connections; and using program evaluation practices designed to highlight avenues to CLED students' success. (Contains 3 tables.)

Electronic performance support systems (EPSS) deliver relevant support information to users while they are performing tasks. The present study examined the effect of different types of EPSS on user performance, attitudes, system use and time on task. Employees at a manufacturing company were asked to complete a procedural software task and received support from either an intrinsic, extrinsic, external performance support system or no system at all. Results revealed significant differences on performance, attitudes and use between several treatment groups. The study suggests that providing any kind of EPSS to support task performance is better than having none at all. In addition, designers can improve user performance, attitudes and use by creating systems that integrate with the primary work interface. (Contains 3 tables and 4 figures.)

The 2020 wildfire season set records in the United States, particularly in California, and the effects of those fires can be felt by water utilities throughout their water treatment and distribution systems. In response to these destructive events, the California Urban Water Agencies held a workshop on wildfire impacts to share best management practices, adaptation resources, and lessons learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species extinction and loss of biodiversity are major crises in the Anthropocene. Translocations of threatened and endangered species, the movement of individuals to augment existing or establish new populations, are increasingly important conservation tools, but have historically had limited success. Selection of a suitable receiver site is essential to translocation success, with poor site suitability cited as one of the most common reasons for relocation failure. We utilized a quantitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to evaluate and prioritize potential receiver sites for the Pacific pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris pacificus), an endangered subspecies of heteromyid rodent endemic to coastal southern California. With only three remaining extant populations, a conservation breeding and reintroduction program is underway with the goal of creating additional wild populations in new or historic locations throughout its indigenous range. Here we describe our use of SWOT analysis and discuss the strengths of this approach as well as improvements that could be made to the evaluation process for other species. Overall, we found that using a structured, transparent, and collaborative process was a valuable tool for prioritizing receiver sites. SWOT analysis is a flexible, repeatable, and proactive approach for identifying receiver sites and the preparations necessary to improve species-specific suitability. This approach has the potential to result in successful relocation compared to less structured site selection processes where poor site suitability is ultimately identified as a major factor in failure to establish wild populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Limited evidence has associated lower ventilation rates (VRs) in offices with higher illness-related absence rates. Methods We studied spaces in office buildings, selected without knowledge of their VRs, in three California climate zones. In each study space, real-time logging sensors measured carbon dioxide and thermal parameters for one year. Web-based surveys every three months collected data on occupants’ health outcomes. Using multivariate models, relationships were assessed between CO 2 concentrations, or VRs estimated from CO 2 , and adverse occupant outcomes including respiratory infections and illness absences. For all outcomes, positive associations were hypothesized with higher CO 2 levels (and negative associations with higher VRs). Results Low survey response limited sample size and study power. In the 16 study spaces, CO 2 concentrations were uniformly low over the year, and most estimated VRs ranged from twice to nine times the California office minimum VR standard (7 L/s or 15 cfm per person). Primary CO 2 and VR metrics had no statistically significant relationships with occupant outcomes. Conclusions Within the observed range of uniformly low CO 2 and high VRs (mostly 16–42 L/s per person), little variation in contaminant concentrations would be expected, which would explain lack of relationships with occupant outcomes. These high VRs resulted partly from frequently used energy-saving “economizer” cycles in moderate California climates, but VRs at other times also substantially exceeded required VRs. These findings suggest, consistent with theory, that within a higher VR range, increased VRs do not reduce respiratory illness. Further studies are needed to better characterize such relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A paradigm shift in surgical training has led to national efforts to incorporate simulation-based learning into cardiothoracic residency programs. Our goal was to determine the feasibility of developing a cardiac surgery simulation curriculum using the formal steps of curriculum development. Methods: Cardiothoracic surgery residents (n = 6) and faculty (n = 9) evaluated 54 common cardiac surgical procedures to determine their need for simulation. The highest scoring procedures were grouped into similarly themed monthly modules, each with specific learning objectives. Educational tools consisting of inanimate, animate, and cadaveric facilities and a newly created virtual operating room were used for curriculum implementation. Resident satisfaction was evaluated by way of a 5-point Likert scale. Perceived competency (scale of 1–10) and pre–/post–self-confidence (scale of 1–5) scores were collected and analyzed using cumulative mean values and a paired t-test. Results: Of the 23 highest scoring procedures (mean score, ≥4.0) on the needs assessment, 21 were used for curriculum development. These procedures were categorized into 12 monthly modules. The simulation curriculum was implemented using the optimal simulation tool available. Resident satisfaction (n = 57) showed an overwhelmingly positive response (mean score, ≥4.7). The perceived competency scores highlighted the procedures residents were uncomfortable performing independently. The pre–/post–self-confidence scores increased throughout the modules, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .001). Conclusions: It is feasible to develop and implement a cardiac surgery simulation curriculum using a structured approach. High-fidelity, low-technology tools such as a fresh tissue cadaver laboratory and a virtual operating room could be important adjuncts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The county of Riverside California has a long history of land conservation. In this comparative case study between Western Riverside County and the Coachella Valley area in the county we show how governance institutions that encompass regions that have very different ecologies, are governed by rules and regulations that are undifferentiated relative to those differences. The study argues, however, that what may differ are the workings of the local urban regimes and the metabolic appropriation of ecosystems for economic growth. In this close investigation of the sprawling county of Riverside we find very different approaches to habitat preservation and the enrollment of nature for wealth production by the local urban regimes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study to determine the effects of a low-permeability film known as totally impermeable film (TIF) on fumigant emissions and fumigant distribution in soil in Ventura County, California. Atmospheric emissions of fumigants from field treatment have drawn intensive environmental and human health concerns. Data collections from the study include emissions, soil-gas phase concentration profile and applied fumigants. The study reveals that TIF may allow strawberry growers in achieving satisfactory pest control with lower fumigant rates.

The article explores the role of bivalve grazing on population dynamics and function of microplankton in the aquatic food web. The authors focused on the protistan microplankton diet of the Corbula amurensis. They observed that phytoplankton was the primary source of carbon for the C. amurensis despite their higher clearance rate on microzooplankton. The authors concluded that alteration of the marine food web dynamics can be caused by the clam C. amurensis through its consumption of important trophic intermediary like the microzooplankton and the phytoplankton.