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The work of francophone musicologists at the start of the 20th century benefited from a particular legal context marked by the emergence of copyright, by the development of an institutional framework favoring the work of collection and archiving and by the recognition of neighboring rights. Today, the writings of these musicologists and their recordings face multiple threats, with legal rules relating to archives and cultural heritage providing only a partial response. Adopting a historical and chronological perspective first approaching the legal context of the time and secondly studying the laws applicable today, the legal perspective that we bring to the work of francophone musicologists at the beginning of the 20th century aims to measure the impact of the legal rule on the transmission and preservation of musical heritage. In our developments, we will base ourselves on concrete examples such as the work of Baron Rodolphe d´Erlanger and his collaborators and the Cairo Congress of 1932. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]