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THE MINISTRY of Agriculture and Soil Reclamation (MASR) in Egypt is actively pursuing the sustainable expansion of oil crops, particularly through the cultivation of canola to shrank gap and decrease the import gap for various oil products and edible oils. Therefore, a field trials were executed to assess the potential impact of different soil additions, including a control group without soil additions (T1 ), magnesium sulphate at a rate of 30 Kg Mg fed-1 (T2 ), plant residues compost (rice straw + soybean stover) at a rate of 7.0 tons fed-1 (T3 ), and a combined treatment of compost at a rate of 3.0 tons fed-1 plus magnesium sulphate at a rate of 15 Kg Mg fed-1 (T4 ) as the main plots on canola plants. Subplots were also designated for foliar applications of beneficial elements, comprising four groups: F1 (control), F2 (Magnesium sulphate), F3 (Zn-EDTA), and F4 (Fe-EDTA) at a rate of 500 g per feddan for each beneficial element. Various parameters such as plant height (cm) No. of branches plant-1 , chlorophyll (SPAD reading), seed yield (ton ha-1 ), straw yield (ton ha-1 ), oil (%), oil yield (ton ha-1 ), protein (%) and carbohydrates (%) were recorded during the trials. The combined treatment (T4 ) emerged as the most effective soil addition, demonstrating optimal performance. Following closely in effectiveness was the use of compost alone (T3 ), with magnesium sulphate (T2 ) ranking third. In contrast, the control group, which did not receive compost and magnesium sulphate, exhibited the lowest performance among the treatments. As for foliar application treatments, the descending ranking order were: F2 (Mg element) < F3 (Zn element)< F4 (Fe element), 1 (without beneficial elements). Briefly, the combined treatment of T4 x F2 emerged as the most superior among the various interactions studied. These findings underscore the importance of tailored soil amendments and foliar applications to maximize canola crop yields, providing valuable insights for the Ministry's strategic planning. Recommendations include widespread adoption of the T4 x F2 combination, further research on optimal dosage and application methods, and ongoing support for farmers in implementing these practices to bolster Egypt's self-sufficiency in oil production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although primarily a respiratory disorder, the coronavirus pandemic has paralyzed almost all aspects of health-care delivery. Emergency procedures are likely continuing in most countries, however, some of them raises certain concerns to the surgeons such as the endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries. The aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with such cases at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical survey was distributed among neurosurgeons who performed emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cairo, Egypt, between May 8, 2020, and June 7, 2020. The survey entailed patients' information (demographics, preoperative screening, and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), surgical team information (demographics and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), and operative information (personal protective equipment [PPE] utilization and basal craniectomy). Results: Our survey was completed on June 7, 2020 (16 completed, 100% response rate). The patients were screened for COVID-19 preoperatively through complete blood cell (CBC) (100%), computed tomography (CT) chest (68.8%), chest examination (50%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (50%), and serological testing (6.3%). Only 18.8% of the surgical team utilized N95 mask and goggles, 12.5% utilized face shield, and none used PAPRs. Regarding the basal craniectomy, 81.3% used Kerrison Rongeur and chisel, 25% used a high-speed drill, and 6.3% used a mucosal shaver. None of the patients developed any COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery and one of the surgeons developed high fever with negative nasopharyngeal swabs. Conclusion: In developing countries with limited resources, preoperative screening using chest examination, CBC, and CT chest might be sufficient to replace Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Developing countries require adequate support with screening tests, PPE, and critical care equipment such as ventilators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intestine anastomosis in pediatric surgery is a relevant matter because of the frequency of the procedure, nonetheless, there is no general agreement about the most appropriate surgical technique, nor are there records comparing the different methods in children. To validate the better technique in children, it is necessary to have clinically comparative experimental studies. Objective: the aim of this work is to evaluate both single layer simple interrupted extramucosal and single layer interrupted Connell sutures for intestinal anastomosis in children in elective and emergency laparotomy as regard technical, functional and financial aspects. Patients and Methods: his study was carried out on 40 patients candidate for intestinal anastomosis in elective and emergency laparotomy managed at Pediatric Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University in Cairo throughout the period from January 2017 to May 2019. Results: As regard the most frequent diagnosis or cause for anastomosis in our study, jejunal atresia was the most common cause of anastomosis with 9 cases (45%) in the extramucosal group and one case (5%) in the Connell group, then the intussusception with 2 patients (10%) in the extramucosal group, and 7 patients (35%) in the Connell group, then ileal atresia, 3 patients (15%) in the extramucosal group, and one patient (5%) in the Connell group. Conclusion: We concluded that both techniques for intestinal anastomosis are effective, safe and successful. We prefer single-layer interrupted extramucosal technique in elective and emergency laparotomy due to less operative time, and valuable cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]