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Throughout history, the different cycles of change that traditional commercial centres (bazaars) have undergone in different Islamic cities call attention to the hidden abilities insuring their resilience until today. To understand the way in which these bazaar areas absorb and adapt to change, this paper investigates the resilience awareness of a specific case study 'the bazaar of Bursa', by dealing with key morphological, behavioural and institutional aspects. Several resilience assessment frameworks have been developed, including cultural, economic, and spatial proxies. However, most of them have focused on physical structures while assessing resilience concretely. This study represents a first step towards a Framework Proposal for resilience assessment in traditional commercial centres (bazaars) combining together tangible and intangible features specific to the historical bazaar of Bursa as a case study using a quantitative approach in a form of a survey. The findings showed a clear overlap between the tradesmen's perception of factors affecting resilience in the bazaar of Bursa and those proposed by authors. This research may help decision-makers gain a better understanding of the key hidden factors promoting resilience in such historical urban fabrics and guide them in making adequate planning decisions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retail activity and retail spaces have changed drastically across Turkey since the opening of first shopping mall in 1988. The boom of personal mobility (that is, the car) and the convenience of shopping at out-of-town shopping areas have caused profound transformations of the physical, social and economic structures of the historic commercial districts of Turkish city centres. Although certain revitalisation projects are being planned to develop and promote commercial activity in these districts with the aim of revitalising physical structures and regenerating social and economic activity, many of them do not use holistic approaches that take into account the physical, social and economic sustainability of the district. The focus of this study is to introduce a conceptual model of a sustainable revitalisation project for an inner-city historic commercial district in the Turkish city of Bursa. The aim of this project is to develop an integrated approach to the economic and social revitalisation of the commercial district that achieves more than just physical regeneration. The design team believes that the insight gained in this project is applicable to other revitalisation projects in different areas and is also valuable for formulating policies and appropriate codes for future projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cota hamzaoglui U.Özbek & Vural (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is described as a new species from Uludağ in the Bursa province of Turkey. Information given on the new species includes a Latin diagnosis, taxonomic description, line drawing, and several photographs, as well as comments on the species' geographical distribution, including a map, and its affinity to Cota oxylepis Boiss. and C. fulvida (Grierson) Holub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Historical commercial districts in city centres in Turkey face social, cultural, environmental and economical challenges of managing rapid urban and economical development in the last two decades. They are being subjected to dramatic physical deterioration and rapid social and economical decline. Enriching relationships between local tradesmen associations, local authorities and non-governmental organisations through a structured engagement process can deliver innovative new revitalisation approaches and design options towards sustainable futures of historical commercial districts both in Turkey and in the world. This paper presents a community engagement model, which can be seen as the revival of a guild system (Lonca), which is unique to Ottoman Turkish culture, for the sustainable future of a historical commercial district in a Turkish city, Bursa. One of the main objectives of this study is to discuss and evaluate successes and failures of this community engagement model. Other objective of the paper is to discuss the effectiveness of this civil organisation for creating scenarios about sustainable future of a historical commercial district. The key finding of this study shows community engagement models should support public decision making by developing a coherent framework to identify the sustainable future scenarios with multi- or interdisciplinary collaborations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Turkey has considerable potential in beekeeping with her rich flora, proper ecological conditions and existence of colony. However Turkish beekeeping sector has not utilized the rich natural resources sufficiently. Turkey is one of the most important honey producer countries. In Turkey, 200 000 agricultural organizations have activities in apiculture. But, only 20 000 of these organizations deal with apiculture as their main source of income. Apiculture sector in Turkey still has faced to some important problems with respect to high chemical use in the hives and marketing and export problems caused by quality of honey, mix harvest, and so on. The aim of this research is to analyze of apiaries' technical and economic aspects in Turkey. The total numbers of surveyed of apiaries in Bursa province of Turkey are 80 in 2008 production period. Although it has high quality honey production, Bursa province has the highest quality pollen production in Turkey. First of all, technical and economic aspects of beekeepers are given under three sub-groups by the number of colonies (50≥, 51-100, 101≤). One of the principal factors is use of the old types of beehive. In this paper, the effect of old and new type beehive use on the honey production in Turkey has been examined. A time series data between 1936 and 2005 has been used in analyzing by ARD model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main aim of this research is to investigate the prevalence of bullying behaviour, its victims and the types of bullying and places of bullying among 14-17 year-old adolescents in a sample of school children in Bursa, Turkey. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was conducted among class 1 and class 2 high school students for identification bullying. Results: Majority (96.7%) of the students were involved in bullying behaviours as aggressors or victims. For a male student, the likelihood of being involved in violent behaviours was detected to be nearly 8.4 times higher when compared with a female student. Conclusion: a multidisciplinary approach involving affected children, their parents, school personnel, media, non-govermental organizations, and security units is required to achieve an effective approach for the prevention of violence targeting children in schools as victims and/or perpetrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall appearance and size are the most effective factors for quality determination of olives. Moreover, quality classification and pricing of olives are done according to size namely the number of olive fruits per kilogram. The aim of this study was to designate the effects of some quality criteria: number of olive fruit/kg (188-363), width (14.23-19.23 mm), height (18.23-24.17 mm), flesh/stone weight ratio (4.80-6.96) , total dry matter (41.27-47.19 %), total acidity as lactic acid (0.53-0.74 %), pH (5.10-5.29), total oil (21.70-26.77 %), fatty acid composition of raw table olives on price determination by hedonic model analysis. Statistical analysis of prices was done by using average retail prices of the samples. Lactic acid, flesh/stone weight ratio, total oil and linoleic acid factors had positive coefficients, so they positively affected the price. According to this model, main quality criteria affecting the price of olives were total acidity and flesh/stone weight ratio. Other factors did not significantly affect the table olive price. Especially the latter, since for the consumers, paying more would not only mean larger fruits but also a higher flesh ratio. Also, considering the factors having positive coefficients in price determination of table olives for both producers and consumers was important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]