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At the end of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros as a defeated country. With the enactment of the treaty, almost all of Anatolia, except the interior parts, began to be occupied by the Entente Powers. Seeing this as an opportunity, the Armenians and Greeks in Anatolia organized in various ways with the idea of establishing an independent state for themselves, not only did they engage in rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, but also engaged in massacres against the Turkish people, whom they had lived in peace for centuries. The Ottoman Empire, which was in a difficult situation in the face of these events, wanted to prevent these rebellions and massacres by emigrating those involved in the events to different parts of the country. Terrorist incidents in Bursa and its surroundings during and after the First World War and the precautions taken by the Ottoman Empire and its results have been discussed in this article by making use of archive documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current research on eating attitude has focused primarily on female perspective (Kapoor et al. in J Educ Health Promot 11(80):1–7, 2022; Piko et al. in J Prev Med Hyg. 63(1):83–89, 2022). To extend cross-gender approaches, this study aimed to examine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, temperament, and eating attitude and to see whether these three concepts differ between men and women. Methods: The sample group consists of a total of 308 participants, 206 (66.9%) women and 102 (33.1%) men, living in Bursa and participating in the research voluntarily. In the study, Sociodemographic Data Form was used to obtain personal information of the participants, Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form 3 was used to evaluate early maladaptive schemas, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San-Diego Autoquestionnaire was used to evaluate temperament characteristics and Eating Attitude Test was used to evaluate eating attitudes. Results: As a result of the study, a moderate and positive relationship was found between the Defectiveness, Emotional Inhibition, Enmeshment/Dependence, Failure, Abandonment, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Negativity/Pessimism schemas and eating attitude. Among these schemas, Defectiveness was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. A weak and positive relationship was found between the scores obtained from the Eating Attitude Test and Cyclothymic and Irritable temperaments, and a moderate positive relationship with Anxious temperament. Among these temperaments, Anxious temperament was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. Conclusions: When the results were examined, a relationship was observed between early maladaptive schemas and temperament types, and this relationship was examined in detail. The results obtained at the end of the study were discussed and suggestions were made for future studies. Plain English Summary: This study examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, temperament, eating attitude and the effect of gender variable on these concepts in adults. Early maladaptive schemas are basic mental constructs that occur as a result of negative experiences early in life. Temperament is a long-term, often life-long structural traits that change little throughout an individual's life. Eating attitude is the tendency that creates an individual's feelings, thoughts and behaviors related to eating and nutrition. Disruptions in eating attitudes can lead to eating disorders. Results revealed a relationship between Defectiveness, Emotional Inhibition, Enmeshment/Dependence, Failure, Abandonment, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Negativity/Pessimism schemas and eating attitude. Among schemas, Defectiveness was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. Among temperaments, Anxious temperament was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. Additionally, a relationship was found between early maladaptive schemas and temperament types. This relationship sheds light on the relationship between the development and treatment of eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this research, it is intended to determine and evaluate the safety and health conditions of independent kindergartens. An observation form was prepared by researchers, who went to 10 different kindergartens in 3 central Bursa districts, and 100 teacher candidates were asked to fill this form. The findings show that bathroom sinks and toilets, toys, garden toys, school staircases, school doors, entrances and exits, emergency kits, installation and environmental safety are appropriate for school safety and health conditions. However, when the school furniture was investigated, it was determined that its negative and positive results are almost equal. The playgrounds of children are close to the exit gate of the school, there are also small materials among class toys around the same place, and garden toys are partially safe and health equipment has been found insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributions of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations were determined using a high-purity germanium detector in uncultivated surface soil samples collected from Bursa. The range of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations varied from 10±1 to 61±3 Bq kg−1 (mean value 25±3 Bq kg−1), from 12±1 to 50±2 Bq kg−1 (mean value 26±3 Bq kg−1), from 257±5 to 1010±11 Bq kg−1 (mean value 435±44 Bq kg−1) and from 1.01±0.07 to 48.97±0.54 Bq kg−1 (mean value 8.52±2.59 Bq kg−1), respectively. In addition, the mean outdoor absorbed dose rates in air, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index were found to be 45 nGy h–1, 56 μSv y–1, 96 Bq kg–1 and 0.26, respectively. The gross beta activity concentrations were determined using a Tennelec LB 1000-PW detector. The range of gross beta activity concentrations varied from 46±9 to 1199±113 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 541±19 Bq kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a member of the transmissible spongiform encepahlopathies, has been a notifiable disease in Turkey since 1997. In 2002, the BSE status of Turkey was assessed by the EU Scientific Steering Committee as "it is likely but not confirmed".This study presents the results of a targeted surveillance study to assess the presence of BSE in the age risk population of Bursa, Turkey. In the assessment procedure, the immunohistochemical detection of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-Sc) was aimed at and applied to 420 brain tissues of cattle slaughtered in Bursa at an age of 30-months and older. None of the samples were positive for BSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring waters used as spas and their region may contain significant amounts of natural radionuclides. The main sources of exposure are the inhalation of radon and its decay products released from the water and soil and terrestrial gamma-radiation. In order to evaluate the potential risk of thermal regions in Bursa, located in the impact area of the NAF (North Anatolian Fault), radon and thoron concentrations in soil gas, radon concentrations in thermal waters and outdoor gamma radiation levels were measured in thermal regions that have different geological formations. The radon and thoron concentrations in soil–gas were found to vary from 2272  ±  121 to 245196  ±  3455 Bq m−3 and from 999  ±  218 to 178 848  ±  17 742 Bq m−3, respectively. The radon concentrations in thermal waters ranged from 0.99  ±  0.21 to 226.74  ±  2.51 Bq l−1 in the rainy season and from 0.26  ±  0.10 to 178.03  ±  12.86 Bq l−1 in the dry season. The measured outdoor gamma radiation levels varied from 38 to 180 nGy h−1. The gamma dose rates were found to be strong positively correlating with the radon and thoron concentrations in soil–gas. The radon and outdoor gamma radiation levels were observed to be a function of the geological formations of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]