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The article examines the most important elements of personal, home and everyday life hygiene and several aspects of public hygiene such as the availability and public use of water, the state of cleanliness of the streets and other public places (bazaars, caravanserais, hospitals), the location and state of the graveyards, some public measures for the prevention of the spread of diseases (isolation and quarantine) in nineteenth-century Ottoman Bulgaria. The differences in the hygienic notions, habits and practices of the local population based on religion, culture and tradition as well as the existence or absence of mutual influences in this respect are considered. The article addresses also the question of the beginning of some transformations in the traditional patterns of hygiene in the region, mainly during the second half of the nineteenth century, under European influence and under the influence of modern education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]