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Migrant and refugee women experience inequities in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care, reflected in the low uptake of SRH services. It is essential for healthcare providers and educators to be aware of women's preferences for SRH information and service delivery, to provide culturally responsive care. Identifying migrant and refugee women's preferences for SRH information and service delivery is the objective of this study. This study investigated this issue, in communities of migrant and refugee women living in Australia and Canada. Eighty-four individual interviews and 16 focus groups comprising 85 participants were conducted (total n = 169), with migrant and refugee women aged 18 years and over from Afghanistan, India (Punjab), Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri-Lanka (Tamil), Sudan and various South American (Latina) backgrounds. Nine individual interviews were also undertaken with community interviewers, who were migrant or refugee women themselves. Thematic analyses identified that migrant and refugee women are enthusiastic to learn about SRH across the lifespan, using a variety of modalities including group education delivered by community leaders; online and written material; and information provided by general practitioners. Participants emphasised the need for empathetic SRH care, which encompassed longer times for consultations, being seen as experts of their own bodies, privacy and healthcare provided by women practitioners. Greater engagement with migrant and refugee men was positioned as an additional solution to addressing SRH concerns of women. Insights from this study can help facilitate the co-design and evaluation of acceptable and sustainable programs to address inequities in SRH experienced by migrant and refugee women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the evolution of Legg–Calvé–Perthes' disease (LCPD) among children from British Columbia (BC), Canada who were treated non-operatively and to compare the results to a previously conducted study in India. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients treated non-operatively for LCPD in BC between 1990 and 2006 compared with a cohort from India. Demographic and treatment information were collected from medical records. Radiographs were assigned modified Waldenstrom, Catterall, Salter–Thompson and Herring classifications and intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed. We evaluated epiphyseal extrusion (EE) and metaphyseal width (MW), and assessed radiographs using the Mose and modified Stulberg classifications. Results: 102 hips (90 patients) had radiographs available for evaluation. 95% of the BC cohort presented as Waldenstrom stages I and II, whereas, 90% of the Indian cohort presented as IIIa. Final EE was similar for both groups (BC 26.8%, India 27.3%) and final MW was 119% in both groups. Modified Waldenstrom and Herring classifications had substantial intra- and interobserver reliability, while Salter–Thompson and Catterall classifications had moderate agreement at best. Most hips were Catterall IV (80%) and Herring C (89%) for the BC cohort compared to only 44% and 43% of Indian hips, respectively. Most hips were irregular according to the Mose classification (BC 43%, India 52%) and aspherical according to the Stulberg classification (BC 78%). Conclusions: We found similar radiographic progression and final radiographic appearances of LCPD in India and BC though differences in the distribution of the classification systems warrant further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Our objective is to contribute to the literature regarding the association between immigrant children's health, their ethnicity and their living in neighbourhoods with a high ethnic concentration of one's own ethnicity. Using data from families from five ethnic groups who all immigrated to Vancouver metropolitan region in Canada, our research question asks: How ethnicity, ethnic concentration and living in a neighbourhood with others of the same ethnic background contribute to the health of immigrant children? Design. Two data sets are integrated in our study. The first is the New Canadian Children and Youth Study, which collected original data from five ethnic groups who immigrated to metropolitan Vancouver. The second data set, from which we derived neighbourhood data, is the Canadian census. The dependent variable is health status as reported by the parent. Independent variables are at both the individual and neighbourhood levels, including ethnicity, sex and the percentage of people living in the neighbourhood of the same ethnic background. Analysis was completed using hierarchical linear modelling. Results. Children (n = 759) from 24 neighbourhoods were included in the analyses. Health status varied by ethnicity and ethnic concentration, indicating the heterogeneity of immigrant populations. Conclusion. With the lack of research on the health of immigrant children and youth living in ethnic concentrations, our findings make an important contribution to understanding the influences on the well-being of immigrant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective The aim of this research was to describe Punjabi Sikh patients' perceived barriers to engaging in physical exercise following myocardial infarction ( MI). Design and Sample A qualitative, interpretive descriptive methodology was used. The sample included 15 Punjabi Sikh patients who were attending a cardiac rehabilitation education program in an urban center of British Columbia, Canada, following MI. Measurements Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and were audio recorded, translated from Punjabi to English, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using an interpretive thematic approach that involved a process of coding and constant comparison. Results Four key factors emerged that related to participants' perceived barriers to sustained engagement in physical activity: (1) difficulty in determining safe exertion levels independently; (2) fatigue and weakness; (3) preference for 'informal' exercise; and (4) migration-related challenges. Conclusions The findings have implications for the design and delivery of health promotion strategies aimed at Punjabi Sikh patients' post- MI that is contingent on the use of 'formal' exercise settings to promote regular physical activity. The willingness among Punjabi Sikh patients to practise brisk walking offers a positive direction that public health nurses and other healthcare professionals may want to capitalize on in the delivery of exercise-related health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]