Search

Abstract: Taxonomic characterization was performed on the putative N2-fixing microbiota associated with the coral species Mussismilia hispida, and with its sympatric species Palythoa caribaeorum, P. variabilis, and Zoanthus solanderi, off the coast of São Sebastião (São Paulo State, Brazil). The 95 isolates belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria according to the 16S rDNA gene sequences. In order to identify the isolates unambiguously, pyrH gene sequencing was carried out. The majority of the isolates (n=76) fell within the Vibrio core group, with the highest gene sequence similarity being towards Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus. Nineteen representative isolates belonging to V. harveyi (n=7), V. alginolyticus (n=8), V. campbellii (n=3), and V. parahaemolyticus (n=1) were capable of growing six successive times in nitrogen-free medium and some of them showed strong nitrogenase activity by means of the acetylene reduction assay (ARA). It was concluded that nitrogen fixation is a common phenotypic trait among Vibrio species of the core group. The fact that different Vibrio species can fix N2 might explain why they are so abundant in the mucus of different coral species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oysters and estuarine water samples were collected monthly, from June 1998 to March 1999, in the Cananéia estuary, on the south coast of São Paulo, Brazil, and analyzed for bacterial hazards with and without depuration in filtered estuarine water. Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio cholerae O1, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus were counted in oyster samples using the most probable number (MPN) and their presence verified in the surrounding estuarine water samples. The presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and fecal coliforms counts were determined in oysters and in water samples too. Sixty percent of water samples contained fecal coliforms ranging from <1 to >200 CFU/100 ml and 100%, 30%, 20% and 10% were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Aeromonas, and V. vulnificus in 5 l of water samples, respectively. In oyster samples, the fecal coliforms concentration ranged from <3.0 to ≥2.4 × 103 MPN/g in 40% of untreated and from <3.0 to 1.1 × 103 MPN/g in 40% of treated samples. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Kanagawa-negative was detected in all oyster samples and their concentration varied from 3.6 to ≥2.4 × 103 MPN/g. For the untreated oyster samples 80%, 70%, and 10% were positive for V. vulnificus (<3 - 11.0 MPN/g), Aeromonas (<3 - 15 MPN/g), and Salmonella (presence in 25 g), respectively. However, for treated oyster samples 60%, 30%, and 0% of them contained the same bacteria, respectively. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella spp., P. shigelloides, and V. cholerae O1 were not detected in any of the samples. Fecal indicators did not correlate with Vibrio presence (p>0.05), although the isolation of Aeromonas species had a positive correlation (p = 0.017). The results showed no correlation between temperature, salinity, and bacteria (p > 0.05). The comparison between bacterial concentration in treated and untreated oyster samples, showed that only Aeromonas was higher in untreated oyster samples (p = 0.039). This study contributes toward creating a more global understanding of food-borne bacterial pathogens. The presence and concentration of viable bacterial hazards in oysters and water surrounding areas was determined for the first time on the south coast of São Paulo and it helps to define better the true microbial hazard in the aquatic environment and oysters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While tetrodotoxin (TTX) is commonly found in pufferfish tissues, it is unclear if bacterial symbionts isolated from pufferfish tissues can produce TTX. In this investigation, UPLC qTOF-MS/MS analysis of tissue extracts obtained from Sphoeroides spengleri and Canthigaster figuereidoi identified TTX in their composition, indicating their consumption is unsafe. UPLC qTOF-MS/MS analysis coupled with Molecular Networking indicated new TTX analogs (methyl-TTX, TTX-acetate, hydroxypropyl-TTX and glycerol-TTX). Bacterial extracts from sixteen strains revealed a compound with a [M+H] + ion at m/z 320.1088, identical to TTX. However, TTX itself was not detected in these cultures by UPLC-MS/MS. Neurotoxicity of Vibrio A665 purified fraction 2 (with precursor [M+H] + ion at m/z 320.1088) was significant in human neural stem cells (hNSCs), but the Na v blockage activity was not confirmed by the veratridine/ouabain essays, indicating a possible difference in the mechanism of action between the bacterium A665 purified fraction 2 and TTX. Vibrios symbionts of pufferfish point out involving in the production of TTX precursors., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)