Search

Abstract: This study describes an outbreak of Simarouba versicolor intoxication in cattle from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and reproduces it experimentally. Clinical signs of the affected animals were weakness, tremors, hind limbs incoordination, reluctance to move, sternal and lateral recumbency and death. The main necropsy findings, observed in the abomasum and in segments of the small and large intestines, were diffuse redness and mucosal and serosal swelling. Histological examination revealed necrosis of lymphoid tissues and necrotizing enterocolitis. One experiment was carried out using 3 male calves to test the toxicity of a single dose of S. versicolor leaves at 15 g/kg, 5 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg. Clinical signs, necropsy findings and histological examination of calves receiving 15 g/kg and 5 g/kg leaves were similar to those of cattle from the intoxication outbreak. The calf fed 2.5 g/kg leaves developed clinical symptoms of poisoning and recovered naturally. In a second experiment, two male calves received daily administration of S. versicolor leaves at 1.5 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg for 10 days. They developed clinical signs of intoxication within 24 h and recovered eight to nine days after the leaves were administered. These findings suggest that S. versicolor was responsible for the outbreak studied, although this plant does not have cumulative intoxication effects on cattle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

OBJECTIVES: to assess the incidence of nectrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), between 2003 and 2007, in children born with a very low weight and to describe the care provided for these newborns. METHODS: a retrospective longitudinal study was carried out at a high-risk neonatal unit with a sample of 1028 newborns with very low birth weight, excluding those weighing less than 750 g. The frequency of NEC was assessed for the first to thirtieth day of life, or until the disease appeared or the child died, considering the first occurrence in a period of five years. NEC was defined according to Bell's criterion (stage ≥2). The chi-squared test was used to assess the behavior of the category variables over the five years. RESULTS: NEC occurred in 55 of the 1028 newborns (5.3%). The highest incidence was found in the year 2005 (19/204) and there was a significant decrease in 2007 (8/195), although this variation could not be considered a trend (p=0.45). A significant increase was found in the use of antibiotics, parenteral feeding, antenatal corticoid and the consumption of mother's milk, along with a decrease in the mean gestational age of 2.4 weeks between 2003 and 2007. CONCLUSIONS: the incidence of NEC varied, showing no tendency to increase or decrease. There was an increase in antenatal corticosteroids coverage, breast milk intake and a reduction in the use of formula. Further studies are needed to provide a better evaluation of these measures in the non-progression of incidence of NEC, even though this is a population that is highly at risk from the contracting the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]