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Music performance is an intensive sensorimotor task that involves the generation of mental representations of musical information that are actively accessed, maintained, and manipulated according to the demands of the performance. Internal representations and external information interact through feedback and feedforward processes that adjust the musician's motor behavior to optimize a musical performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between altered sensory feedback and performance errors. Seventeen experienced pianists aged between 33 and 54 years performed Hanon Exercise N°1 from memory under four different conditions: (1) normal (normal sensory feedback); (2) closed fallboard (altered haptic and auditory feedback); (3) blindfolded (altered visual feedback); and (4) combined (blindfolded and closed fallboard; altered haptic, auditory, and visual feedback). Performance errors were quantified based on a video analysis of the performances. Results indicated that compared with normal performance, participants made significantly more note errors in the blindfolded condition and more bar-adding errors per trial in the closed fallboard condition. The comparison between the normal condition and the three altered sensory feedback conditions revealed the impact of altering sensory feedback in musical performance. These findings are discussed in the context of music learning.

In this article, the authors engage with Anzaldua's (Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, Aunt Lute Books, 1987) notion of borderlands while approaching social science research as a process of (re)membering as explained by Cynthia Dillard (Learning to r(e)member the things we've learned to forget: Endarkened feminisms, spirituality, and the sacred nature of research and teaching, Peter Lang Publishing, 2012). The authors recount their experiences in an international teaching-research collaboration across three regions of the USA and Brazil. They problematize Western social science research as a knowledge system that enforces artificial borders and relegates borderland epistemologies to marginal spaces, thereby limiting what is knowable and doable when engaging in research activities for liberation. The authors propose the further development of pluralized ways of knowing and being from the epistemological borderlands, or "Nepantla," of social science. By sharing stories from their collaboration, the authors illuminate how borders are surveilled and policed, when and why social science researchers might allow themselves to epistemologically free-fall and allow space for not-knowing, and finally, how living social science research can be a potential escape route or path forward toward more expansive, fluid and porous ways of knowing and being as social science researchers.

Drawing from a 3-year ethnographic project in one elementary school in the United States, this article examines how a group of 43 first graders perceived and constructed Brazil and the U.S. during a drawing and writing activity in their bilingual (Portuguese-English) classroom. The majority of the participating children (81.4%) either migrated from Brazil to the U.S. or were born in the U.S. of Brazilian parents. Data analysis reveals that Brazil was frequently portrayed as an idyllic landscape that included several relatives and friends and a range of activities with loved ones, while the U.S. involved immediate family members, material goods, and places for leisure. Grounded in a relational understanding of place and placemaking, we argue that the children engaged in a range of place-based moves to construct Brazil and the United States during the activity. These acts of placemaking included evocations of transnational memories, ongoing activities and aspirations, social relationships, and local institutional expectations, particularly the school curriculum and teachers' discourse about Brazil. The findings suggest that immigrant children's construction of place is multifaceted, dynamic, and situated.

Application of psycholinguistic insights initiated a long career researching how children learn to read words. A theory was proposed claiming that spellings of individual words are stored in memory when their graphemes become bonded to phonemes in their pronunciations along with meanings, and this enables readers to read stored words automatically "by sight". Our studies offered support for this theory. In addition, they clarified how children move into reading. Results showed that teaching beginners to decode words using grapheme-phoneme subunits facilitates word reading and spelling much better than teaching children to decode whole syllabic units or to read words by analogy. Findings showed that storing spellings of new words in memory improves vocabulary learning in many types of learners. This research underscores the importance of systematic phonics instruction to establish foundational knowledge -- phonemic segmentation, grapheme-phoneme relations, and decoding skill -- setting beginners on a path to becoming skilled readers.

This paper examines what the literature proffers regarding the relationship between dyslexia and memory deficiencies. Dyslexia is a well-known learning disability that has been recognized since the late 1800's and has grown in notoriety since it was first discovered (Javier, 2015). It is especially notable due to its current prevalence among school aged children as well as adults and because of the detrimental nature that impaired literacy can have on their ability to read, write and excel academically. Discussed here are a history of dyslexia, along with a general exploration of the functions of memory and how it has to do with the processing and output of information within the mind. Two research studies are examined that help draw a direct correlation between a deficit in short-term and working memory with the phonological difficulties suffered by those who experience dyslexia. By better understanding the role of memory in dyslexia, educators may be more efficient at assisting and implementing early intervention for those children who need it.

In this experiment, we examined whether beginning readers benefit more from grapheme-phoneme decoding (GPD) than from whole-syllable decoding (WSD) instruction in learning to read and write words. Sixty Brazilian Portuguese-speaking first graders (M age = 6 years 1 month) who knew letter names but could not read or write words were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The GPD group was taught to decode 40 consonant-vowel (CV) syllables by sounding out and blending grapheme-phoneme constituents (combinations of 10 consonants and five vowels). The WSD group was taught to decode the same CV syllables as whole graphosyllabic units. The individual grapheme-phoneme (IGP) group was taught the same 15 grapheme-phonemes as single units but no decoding. Groups were taught to a mastery criterion. Results showed that GPD instruction was much more effective than WSD and IGP instruction in enabling beginners to read CV syllables, multisyllabic words, and pseudowords; to learn to read words from memory; to write words; and to segment and blend spoken words phonemically. Also, GPD instruction facilitated phonological memory for spoken pseudowords. Despite receiving much practice in reading whole CV syllables, the WSD group learned few, if any, grapheme-phoneme subunits. Results support theories that reading instruction is most effective when it begins by teaching students to decode with small grapheme-phoneme units rather than with larger syllabic units, even when syllables are salient spoken and written units in the writing system.

Genetics is an area that is increasingly important in people's daily lives. Despite this, its teaching/learning is among the most challenging topics in biology. Several instruments were created over a number of years to ascertain the quality of teaching and learning genetics. In our study, we created a specific instrument to investigate Mendelian inheritance, trying to verify, in addition to the students' level of knowledge, their certainties about their answers and their seriousness responding to the instrument. Our results demonstrate that most of the previously reported students' difficulties persist, even with years of research pointing out problems in teaching/learning genetics. More seriously, a large number of students are convinced about their knowledge, even if they are erroneous, which may mean that the errors presented are not only due to forgetfulness or lack of hardness in answering the instrument, but rather to erroneous learning. The data collected will be used to help improve the teaching of this topic of genetics through the creation of teaching materials and workshops for teachers.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a screening questionnaire for the early identification of language difficulties in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking preschool children. Method: The article is divided into two studies. In the first study, we reported the theoretical principles that guided the development of the Screening for Identification of Oral Language Difficulties by Preschool Teachers (SIOLD) and tested the validity of its structure. The psychometric properties of the SIOLD were tested using a sample of 754 children attending Year 1 of preschool. Thirty-two teachers coming from eight different schools completed individual questionnaires for all their students. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the SIOLD. In the second study, we investigated the accuracy of the questionnaire for identifying children with oral language difficulties using a different sample of 100 preschool children. Using receiver operating characteristic and precision recall curves, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the SIOLD to identify children who showed impaired language performance in a short battery of tests. Results: The SIOLD has been shown to be a valid and accurate questionnaire for assessing the form and content of oral language in preschool children. It showed good accuracy, with sensitivity ranging between 0.750 and 0.857 and specificity of 0.946 for the identification of language difficulties. Among the cases positively identified by the SIOLD as having language difficulties, 54.5% were true cases of language disorders, while 45.5% were false alarms. The combination of these findings shows that the SIOLD overpredicts positive cases but identifies most children with true language disorders and passes most children without language disorders, as required of a good screening test. Conclusions: The questionnaire provides a useful tool for enabling Brazilian teachers to refer children with language difficulties to the speech-language services. The theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

This article refers to a research on the political memory of the military dictatorship in Brazil, held in three Brazilian cities (Belo Horizonte, Curitiba and São Paulo) in which we analyzed the social and psychopolitical impacts caused by the dictatorship as well as the redemocratization process in building the political memory of community and union leaders. The study revealed two important legacies that were found in the reports of interviewees: the first one refers to police repression, impunity, and authoritarianism still present in Brazilian society; the second legacy refers to the existence of a political memory built by social movements and communities that care about passing on, to the new generations, the events that occurred during the military dictatorship. Research has clearly shown that there is no single memory but several "underground memories" (Pollak, 1989), built by the popular classes, which contradict the versions disseminated by the official memory and enhance the social movements capacity of action as a strategy of resistance and political struggle of the movements today. To the extent that this fight is assumed by other spheres of Brazilian society it may contribute to memory policies in the fight against forgetting.

The construct autobiographical memory (AM) refers to the mnemonic skill that enables individuals to form personal memories about their lives and re-experience them. Its ontogeny can be understood from the dialectic construction of maturational processes and the cultural-historical context. This research sought to further the knowledge regarding the ontogeny of AM, especially its relationship with precursor cognitive functions--language level, theory of mind, executive functions, and the subsystems for semantic and episodic memory. The sample consisted of 25 preschoolers of both sexes. Correlation between the indexes analyses were performed. The difference between groups, and the effect of educational level on performance were verified using the Mann-Whitney test (U) and non-parametric analysis of variance factor (Kruskal-Wallis). Multidimensional ANOVA followed by "post hoc" Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) was used to verify the contrasts between instances of categorical variables. The results suggest that the developmental profile of AM for 4-6 years is complex, heterogeneous, associated with narrative skill and cognitive flexibility, as well as the quality of free recall in AM and autonomy in the recall process.

This study investigated the routine procedures employed by nine undergraduate piano students at a Brazilian university while learning and performing memorized pieces and the procedures employed using Chaffin's performance cue (PC) protocols. The data were collected in two phases. In Phase I, each participant selected one piece that he or she had previously studied and memorized in the preceding academic semester. For Phase II, the students were introduced to Chaffin's PC protocols, and they were allowed 10 weeks to memorize another piece of their own choosing. Thereafter, a second semi-structured interview with specific criteria was carried out, and the performance of the memorized piano piece was recorded. In Phase I, there were frequent references to structural and expressive cues. In Phase II, the employed PCs were shown to be related to the nature of the style of each piece, which in turn may indicate that explicit memory (content-addressable cues) seems to be associated with the deliberate expression of a given piece's stylistic structure. Furthermore, tempo also seems to modulate the frequency of the PCs necessary to guarantee a successful memorized performance, for example, a faster tempo results in fewer PCs being employed.

Storage and/or automatic retrieval of the basic facts of addition from the long-term memory seems to be impaired in children with ADHD presenting arithmetical difficulties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention model designed to teach basic facts of addition as a means of advancing from counting procedures to memory-based processes in 7 children with ADHD, divided into two groups (control and intervention). The main hypothesis was that the explicit teaching of decomposition strategies would lead to an advanced use of a memory-based procedure. It is an experimental study involving the use of a blind, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The intervention group participated in 10 one-hour sessions over a 10-week period, while the control group received the same quantity and distribution of teaching time. They carried out the kind of activities generally carried out in the classroom. Although there was no apparent statistical difference between the groups, our findings suggest that the tested educational intervention model is effective at promoting the retrieval of memory-based facts, since the intervention group came to predominantly adopt a memory-based strategy. A carefully designed educational program enhances memory-based processes in students with ADHD. These findings have important implications for further research considering interventions for both students with ADHD and those who perform poorly in arithmetic.

The authors investigated the effects of valence and arousal on memory using a dual-process model that quantifies recollective and nonrecollective components of recall without relying on metacognitive judgments to separate them. The results showed that valenced words increased reconstruction (a component of nonrecollective retrieval) relative to neutral words. In addition, the authors found that positive valence increased recollective retrieval in comparison to negative valence, whereas negative valence increased nonrecollective retrieval relative to positive valence. The latter effect, however, depended on arousal: It was reliable only when arousal was high. The present findings supported the notion that emotional valence is a conceptual gist because it affected nonrecollective retrieval and because subjects' recall protocols were clustered by valence. The results challenge the hypothesis that valence affects only recollection, and they clarify previous inconsistent findings about the effects of emotion on memory accuracy and brain activity.

Recent years have witnessed an expansion in international investment in large-scale infrastructure projects with the goal of achieving global economic integration. We focus on one such project, the Inter-Oceanic Highway in the "MAP" region, a trinational frontier where Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru meet in the southwestern Amazon. We adopt a resilience approach as an integrative framework to understand various types of road-paving impacts. We focus on migration activity as an indicator of retention of collective memory, a concept associated with resilience. We pursue a comparative analysis of the three sides of the MAP frontier as well as subregions within each side. Since road paving may be mediated by other factors, we distinguish among the effects of multiple explanatory factors. Data come from a multinational survey of rural communities. The findings show considerable net migration and turnover, both indicative of eroding collective memory and a lack of demographic resilience to externally induced change in the MAP frontier. The findings indicate variation across the frontier, which road paving helps explain, along with some of the mediating factors. These findings contribute to the literature on the impacts of new infrastructure and integration as well as the study of social-ecological resilience.

This study aimed to describe the benefits of memory training for older adults with low education. Twenty-nine healthy older adults with zero to two years of formal education participated. Sixteen participants received training based on categorization (categorization group = CATG) and 13 received training based on mental images (imagery group--IMG). One group served as control for the other because they trained with different strategies. Training was offered in eight sessions of 90 minutes. The participants were evaluated pre- and posttraining. IMG improved performance in episodic memory tests and had reduced depressive symptoms. CATG increased the use of categorization but did not increase performance in episodic memory tests. Results suggest that the strategy based on the creation of mental images was more effective for older adults with low formal education. (Contains 4 tables.)

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results (KR) would generalize to children. Specifically, the authors chose 10-year-old children representative of late childhood. The authors used a task that required the children to toss beanbags at a target. One group received KR regarding throw accuracy at their request, while another (yoked) group received KR after the same trials as their counterparts but had no control over the KR schedule. Learning was assessed in a retention test without KR one day after the practice phase. An additional purpose of the present study was to determine when self-control participants would ask for KR. The results of the present study indicated that learning in 10-year-olds was not hampered by the additional information-processing activities (i.e., decision making) necessary under self-generalizes to older children. These learning benefits seem to be attributable to motivational factors. These findings may have important implications for practical settings in which control conditions. In fact, although the effect size was small (i.e., 0.2; Cohen, 1969), learning was significantly enhanced. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate that the advantage of giving learners the opportunity to decide when to receive KR instructors typically give feedback when they assume the child needs it most (i.e., mainly after unsuccessful trials) to avoid errors and guide the child to the correct movement pattern. (Contains 2 figures.)

There is a crucial debate concerning the nature of chess chunks: One current possibility states that chunks are built by encoding particular combinations of pieces-on-squares (POSs), and that chunks are formed mostly by "close" pieces (in a "Euclidean" sense). A complementary hypothesis is that chunks are encoded by abstract, semantic information. This article extends recent experiments and shows that chess players are able to perceive strong similarity between very different positions if the pieces retain the same abstract roles in both of them. This casts doubt on the idea that POS information is the key information encoded in chess chunks, and this article proposes, instead, that the key encoding involves the abstract roles that pieces (and sets of pieces) play--a theoretical standpoint in line with the research program in semantics that places analogy at the core of cognition. (Contains 2 figures and 2 tables. Appended are full set of positions and the corresponding commentary.)

Phonological and metaphonological skills are explored in 97 Brazilian illiterate and semiliterate adults. A simple letter- and word-reading task was used to define the degree of illiteracy. Phonemic awareness was strongly dependent on the level of letter and word reading ability. Phonological memory was very low in illiterates and unrelated to letter knowledge. Rhyme identification was relatively preserved in illiterates and semiliterates, and unrelated to letter and word reading level. Phonetic discrimination (minimal pairs) was fairly good and marginally related to reading ability. These results suggest that phonological sensitivity, phonological memory, rhyme identification, and phonemic awareness are distinctive cognitive processes, and that only phonemic awareness is clearly and strongly dependent on the alphabetical acquisition.

Reports on searching the data files of the "Memory of Reading" project. Presents images that evoke social memory from reading practices in Brazil. (PA)

Based on an ethnography developed with social movements derived from the eviction process of an old popular district in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, we analyze how an idea of neighborship is applied to the processes of struggle and their outcomes. In 2004, a land of over 1,000,000 m2, owned by a bankrupt industry, was occupied by an entire district of over 5,000 people. This "illegal" occupation had been going on for almost 8 years when a court decision ordered the land to be vacated. The case of the Pinheirinho dos Palmares neighborhood, as it was known, became an emblematic example of Brazilian housing policies, with its violent eviction drawing the entire country's attention. This article deals with the struggles that the evicted residents started and that resulted, at the end of almost 5 years, in the construction of a new district by the state, based on a new housing program. We are going to analyze how concerns about organizing the new neighborship from the old neighborhood relations were fundamental in the geographical and architectural production of the new district. The article seeks to intertwine the notions of resistance and neighborship, responsible for the new configuration of the district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has transformed how we construct collective memory, with increased opportunities for dispersed individuals and groups to participate in collective remembrance. With the ever-changing nature of social media practices, the field of critical memory studies begs for more research on the role of digital media in memory construction. Based on a critical rhetorical analysis of YouTube and Instagram archives, I examine how social media is used to remember Marielle Franco, a Brazilian black queer city councilwoman killed in 2018 by former police officers. Specifically, I argue that two communication strategies – mediating a resistant specter and mediating something-to-be-done – are articulated on social media in the construction of a haunting online presence of Marielle. I further suggest that this digital memorialization is consequential for how Brazil remembers the racial, gendered, and social injustices that inform Brazil's past, present, and possible future. The analysis contributes to previous literature on cultural memory by articulating the notion of haunting online presence as a heuristic tool to theorize about public mourning, digital memory, and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the creation of a group time-space and its effects based on a master's thesis research that analysed some processes in a second-hand exchange group called Brechó de Troca. This group is a space for interaction, whose meetings promote the exchange of clothes and accessories. It was founded in Porto Alegre (south of Brazil) in 2009, with a distinct method aiming to produce subjectivity by exchanging clothes in a way that considers their stories. For this research, we assembled materials that paved the way to such results, analysing the mode of production of subjectivity through the dressing practices in the group. We could observe that the invention of another time, which suspends the eagerness for consumption, potentiates modes of subjectivation through the practices of dressing. This article also highlights the fact that access to consumption is not equalitarian in Global South capitalism. This can be seen in a social phenomenon called 'rolezinhos', which took place in Brazil in 2014 and illustrated the contrast between the purchasing power of the lower and upper classes. We believe that the invention of the limbo, name given to the time-space created in the group, works as a trigger of processes, which suspends and enables exercises of the self through clothing in the group meetings. The exchanges gain potency and various stories after going through the Brechó de Troca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caso 108 y un quemado [the case of the 108 and one burned man] or the Bernardo Aranda Case, which took place in Asunción in 1959, refers to the murder of a famous radio announcer in the Paraguayan capital, a crime whose investigation resulted in the systematic persecution of homosexual men suspected of so-called crimes of passion. The number 108, associated with the number of those investigated, was repeatedly invoked as a pejorative throughout the following decade and became a synonym of maricón, puto, and homosexual. Present-day social movements, who amplified its political meanings and reconstructed the historical memory of the Stroessner regime, later resignified this number. In this article, we aim to problematise the stigma associated with "108" and its historical uses for opposition and re-signification. For this study, the use and appropriation of archives and documents associated with sexual dissidence constitute a tool of extreme political relevance. We aim to analyse the uses of the memory and history of the ciento ocho [one hundred and eight] in the organisation of an archival and activist initiative called Mansión 108 [The 108 Mansion]. This collective used the slogan "We are more than the 108" in its own references to historical memory in order to create an environment for profound artistic, political, and queer/transfeminist encounters, and to welcome various transnational artists. We conclude by proposing to think of the "108" as an abject mode of being in the world, seeking to demonstrate that stigma can offer queer studies new forms of analysing sexo-dissident subjectivities in South America, as well as the transnational potential of the relation between art and archive and cultural production by transfeminist artists, such as Sucia Inmunda DeLabasura [Filthy Dirty Garbage Lady], who impacted both the art scene in the Paraguayan capital and the border between Brazil and Paraguay, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased consumption of pesticides can have a negative environmental impact by increasing the essential metals to toxic levels. Bordasul® is a commonly used fungicide in Brazil and it is composed of 20% Cu, 10% sulfur, and 3.0% calcium. The study of fungicides in vivo in non-target model organisms can predict their environmental impact more broadly. The Drosophila melanogaster is a unique model due to its ease of handling and maintenance. Here, the potential toxicity of Bordasul® was investigated by assessing the development, survival, and behavior of exposed flies. Exposure to Bordasul® impaired the development (p < 0.01) and caused a significant reduction in memory retention (p < 0.05) and locomotor ability (p < 0.001). Fungicides are needed to assure the world's food demand; however, Bordasul® was highly toxic to D. melanogaster. Therefore, Bordasul® may be potentially toxic to non-target invertebrates and new environmentally-safe biofertilizers have to be developed to preserve the biota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes the concept of 'memory script' to analyse how, in the aftermath of political violence, memory activists narrate their lives in a way that is practised, repetitive and performative. Through a self-reflective life history of Aluízio Palmar, a Brazilian human rights activist and former political prisoner who suffered intense torture under military rule, this approach seeks to elucidates the personal and political contours of somebody's decision to transform their experiences into a public narrative. A close reading of Palmar's various platforms of memory-sharing reveals the complex moral reckoning of an activist's own trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify the relationships that the Benedito Leite Public Library maintains with memory, cultural heritage and sociability in São Luís, based on the arguments of users who participate in the educational services of the institution. This is an exploratory and descriptive research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, which made use of systematic observation with a logbook and mixed questionnaires of 10 questions, whose data collection had a sample universe of 62 users who participated in educational services. We point out that, no matter how different the profiles of the users of the Benedito Leite Public Library are, their testimonies converge on the importance of the institution for the preservation of history, memory and heritage. By mediating and disseminating cultural heritage through its educational services, the Library allows the reconstruction of the memory of the citizens of São Luís and the creation of links, made explicit by the symbolic and affective contours between its visitors, users, and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-wk face-to-face rehabilitation program on subjects with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 compared with a remote monitoring group. Design: This is clinical, nonrandomized, controlled, and open study. The face-to-face supervised rehabilitation lasted eight consecutive weeks, twice a week. The remote monitoring group received health guidance. The allocation was carried out by preference because of the emergency period without vaccination during the pandemic. Fatigue, dyspnea (Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire), and exercise capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test) were the primary outcome measures. Lung function, functional status (Post–COVID-19 Functional Status), symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), attention (d2-R), memory (Rey's Auditory-Verbal Learning Test), handgrip strength, and knee extensor strength were secondary outcome measures. Results: Thirty-seven subjects (24.3% hospitalized) completed the baseline and final assessment, rehabilitation (n = 22, 40.8 [SD, 10.0] yrs, 54.5% female), or remote guidance (n = 15, 45.4 [SD, 10.5] yrs, 40% female). Both groups showed improved fatigue and exercise capacity. Exercise rehabilitation improved dyspnea, anxiety, attention, and short-term memory. Conclusions: Rehabilitation is essential for dyspnea in subjects with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 while fatigue naturally reverses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To examine the rate of self-reported coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its association with mental and cognitive health during the post-infection phase among middle-aged and older indigenous adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 141 individuals ≥50 and over from an urban indigenous community in Amazonas, Brazil. COVID-19 was deduced from self-reported infections. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Exam, Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), and language fluency tests. Meanwhile, mental health was assessed through validated scales examining happiness, stress, and depression symptoms. The association between the rate of COVID-19 and cognitive and mental well-being was analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, adjusted for covariates. Results From March 2020 to February 2022, 65.2% of the urban indigenous group tested positive for COVID-19. Lower functional capacity decreased the odds of contracting COVID-19 (p  = .03). Adjusted linear regression models showed that COVID-19 was associated with higher BCSB learning (p  = .017) and delayed recall (p  = .028). Women, higher age, lower functional capacity, and hospitalization were associated with worse cognitive performance (p  < .05). No impact of mental health indicators on past COVID-19 infection was noted. Discussion COVID-19 was prevalent among urban Indigenous Brazilians. Unexpectedly, it was linked to enhanced learning and memory, not mental health issues. Cognitive performance was lower for men, older individuals, those with less functional ability, and hospitalized patients, indicating that participant characteristics and disease severity affect the COVID-19 and cognition relationship. Longitudinal studies across diverse Indigenous communities are necessary to understand COVID-19's impact on their cognitive and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "THE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE OF CAPES" highlights the trajectory of the archive of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) since its creation in 1951 until the present day. The text emphasizes the importance of the archive as a testimony of the public policies implemented for the development of higher education in Brazil. The evolution of the archive over the years is highlighted, with the hiring of archivists and the implementation of technologies to facilitate access to documents. The digital availability of the collection, including newsletters and activity reports, has increased interest and research on the history of CAPES. The creation of the Archive Division in 2022 reinforces the role of the archive as a "place of memory" for higher education and postgraduate studies in Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to share the memory woven over fifty years of monitoring Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs) in Brazil. It is a memory based on facts, however, observed from a very peculiar perspective: “observant participation” (Regina Novaes), typical of a researcher in the fi eld of sociology of religion who has been enchanted by the new face of the Catholic Church that has emerged in the BECs. The reflections shared here are intended to pay tribute to Father João Batista Libanio, SJ, a great chronicler of the first Interchurch meetings of the BECs and the author’s companion in many advisory activities. Finally, the exposition of the memories follows the hypothesis put forward by the author that we are witnessing the emergence of the fourth generation of the BECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trabalho & Educação is the property of Work & Education of the Graduate Program, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materiales para la Historia del Deporte is the property of Polytechnic University of Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive performance of patients with favorable outcomes, determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, 1 yr after hospital discharge due to severe traumatic brain injury. Design: This was a prospective case-control study. From 163 consecutive adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury included in the study, 73 patients had a favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5) 1 yr after hospital discharge and were eligible for the cognitive evaluation, of which 28 completed the evaluations. The latter were compared with 44 healthy controls. Results: The average loss of cognitive performance among participants with traumatic brain injury varied between 13.35% and 43.49% compared with the control group. Between 21.4% and 32% of the patients performed below the 10th percentile on three language tests and two verbal memory tests, whereas 39% to 50% performed below this threshold on one language test and three memory tests. Longer hospital stay, older age, and lower education were the most important predictors of worse cognitive performance. Conclusion: One year after a severe traumatic brain injury, a significant proportion of Brazilian patients with the favorable outcome determined by Glasgow Outcome Scale still showed significant cognitive impairment in verbal memory and language domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses memories and historical meanings of the idea of "persecution of samba" during the First Republic in Brazil. Based on the analysis of oral testimonies of black musicians and on the historiography of the post-abolition period in Rio de Janeiro, I argue that, though it seems imprecise under the criteria of academic historiography, this idea fulfills the political function of underlining and not letting be forgotten a historical context of racial violence, that is linked to music, but not restricted to it. Its inclusion in the historiography of samba is, therefore, a relative victory for the worldview of black communities in their negotiations with more powerful groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are a possible prodrome of cognitive decline but are understudied in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SMCs in a large, nationally representative sample of older adults from Brazil and to identify sociodemographic and health‐related factors that are associated with SMCs independently of objective memory. Methods: Baseline data (n = 7831) from the ELSI‐Brazil study, a national representative sample of adults aged 50 and over. They were asked to rate their memory and then divided into two groups ‐ having or not having SMCs. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of demographic characteristics, health related factors, objective memory performance and disability in basic (b‐ADL), instrumental (i‐ADL), and advanced (a‐ADL) activities of daily living associated with SMCs. Whether sex was an effect modifier of the association between age and objective memory performance and SMCs was also tested. Results: Of the sample, 42% (95% CI; 39.9–43.9) had SMCs, and it was higher among women (46.9%) than men (35.9%). SMC prevalence decreased with age among women and increased among men, and for both it decreased with better cognitive performance. Fully adjusted logistic regression model showed that older age, higher education, higher b‐ADL scores, and better cognitive performance were associated with decreased SMCs, while being female, with higher number of chronic conditions, higher i‐ADL scores, worst self‐rated health, and an increased number of depressive symptoms were associated with increased SMCs. However, the interaction test (p < 0.001) confirmed that increased age was associated with decreased SMCs only among women, and that better objective memory performance was associated with decreased SMCs only among men. Conclusions: SMCs are common in the Brazilian older population and are associated with health and sociodemographic factors, with different patterns between men and women. There is a need for future studies looking at the cognitive trajectory and dementia risk in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Key Points: Subjective Memory Complaints (SMCs) are a possible prodrome of cognitive decline but are understudied in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).SMC prevalence is high among older Brazilians, being higher among women (46.9%) than men (35.9%)Higher education and a lower number of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms were independently associated with decreased SMCsIncreased age was associated with decreased SMCs only among women, and better objective memory performance was associated with decreased SMCs only among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrieval practice typically benefits learning in children, although little is known about the benefits of retrieval practice for learning spelling. We investigated this issue in three experiments with fifth-grade children from a low-income area of Brazil. In the experiments, children first read a list of words (study), and after a short interval wrote down the studied words after hearing and rereading them (copy) or after only hearing them (retrieval practice). After an interval of 4 days, spelling performance was greater for words from the retrieval practice condition than for words from the copy condition, but only when immediate corrective feedback was provided (Experiment 3). The current findings, therefore, suggest that retrieval practice followed by corrective feedback is an effective strategy to improve spelling performance of fifth-grade children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the challenges faced by Acervo Bajubá, an LGBT+ community archive located in São Paulo, Brazil. Departing from the observation of a disconnect between the recognition of the archive's importance in terms of the content it holds and its consideration as a community epistemological project, the article argues for a paradigm shift in understanding archives. Contrariwise, the article proposes viewing Acervo Bajubá as an epistemological project that challenges conventional notions of community, history, and memory. It calls for a re-evaluation of the archive's material conditions, bringing them to the forefront, and operating a recognition of its role as a legitimate knowledge producer – and not only as a repository for disciplinary projects and commitments. The article suggests that by expanding the concept of the archive-as-object and embracing archive-as-community-practice, alternative relationships with the past can be forged. Finally, through the analysis of two art-pieces produced in the context of an inventory process, the article argues for a concept and practice of archive that challenges disembodied notions of history, memory, and community, emphasising community practice and recognising the lives and bodies embedded within archival devices. It concludes by highlighting the importance of grounding the archive in the present time, and fostering creative tactics for envisioning alternative historical imaginaries and political repertoires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits that may compromise functional capacity. Although there are few studies with validated instruments in Brazil, the literature indicates changes in memory, attention, visuoconstruction and executive functions. Thus, this study aims to characterize these functions in this group, besides verifying the association between cognitive performance and sociodemographic, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics. This is a cross-sectional study with 62 individuals, who were submitted to the Rey Verbal Auditory Learning Test (RAVLT), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figures (FCRO), WAIS-III Digits and Cubes subtests, and the Colored Trails Test (TTC). The association between the presence of deficit and the variables was verified by chi-square or fisher's exact test. It was found that 50% of the subjects presented below average performance in Cubes and 19.4% in Digits. Therefore, 85.48% had a lower than expected z-score in the RAVLT learning index, 30.7% low recognition rate, 51.6% suffered a strong influence of retroactive interference, 32.3% had a broad impact of proactive interference and a high rate of forgetfulness. In the TTC, most participants were in the lower range in form 1 (54.8%) and 43.6% had below average yields in form 2. In the case of correlations with the variables, a borderline or statistically significant influence was observed between schooling, the Digits test and the 5 factors analyzed by the RAVLT, associations between the time of diagnosis and learning capacity, correlations between the age of diagnosis and the retroactive interference index, as well as the influence of the type of medication on the proactive interference index. The results indicate a notorious occurrence of mnemonic, attentive and visuoconstructive difficulties in this population. Additionally, shorter schooling, longer disease time and earlier age of diagnosis seem to cause worse performances in working memory, attention and processes adjacent to learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the extent to which imaginaries of climate and ecological breakdown attend to the memories, knowledges, and experiences of communities already impacted by histories of racism, colonialism, and poverty. Drawing on insights from Black studies and decolonial thinking, the article reflects on how the causes and effects of anthropogenic climate change can be mapped onto geographies of racialised violence and social dispossession. Specific emphasis is given to Rio de Janeiro, notably its port area, a geographical space where future-oriented narratives remain oblivious to the city's history of anti-Black violence and Indigenous genocide. In parallel, the paper looks at the recently built Museum of Tomorrow and its public representations of the Anthropocene. Overall, the article contends that pluralising accounts of the Anthropocene might offer alternative epistemic entry points for understanding and interrupting the mounting ecological catastrophe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)