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The Latin American Integration Route (RILA), also known as the Bioceanic Route, is an initiative with the potential to promote the development of the Brazil-Paraguay border zone. The creators of RILA aim, since the creation of the proposal in 2006 (which would be made official in 2015), to boost logistic activities, with the goal to increasing exports of commodities (grains, ores and meat) and, secondly, to boost regional tourism activity. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the potential and obstacles that involve the governance of tourism at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, specifically between the twin cities of Porto Murtinho (BR) and Carmelo Peralta (PY). Regarding the methodology, the present work configures a qualitative research, based on bibliographical and documentary approach, under an interdisciplinary perspective, anchored in the references of Tourism and Political Geography. The theoretical-empirical results correspond to the conceptual delimitation of what configures the governance of tourism in international border territories and the organization of the institutional matrix that will support the understanding of the organization of tourism and its governance in the researched territory. Furthermore, maps were created that demonstrate the intersection between the main tourism development policy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and the RILA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to understand theoretical and cultural aspects related to the typical cuisine of the Brazil-Paraguay border from the analysis of the “chipa” as an alternative element to income generation and as a potential for geographic indication in strengthening local tourism. The research evaluated a sample by adhesion of 4 (four) traditional Ñas in the region, sellers and producers of artisanal “chipas”, mapped from the field observations and the tacit knowledge of the researchers. For the analysis, we considered the economic theories, geographical indication, and cultural heritage. The results showed that the level of differentiation and the commercialization channels used are factors that interfere in the creation and distribution of the added value of the product in the artisanal process of “chipa” production. It was possible to conclude that the typicality of regional cuisine, when preserved and valued by the local population, is an important element for the generation of income, based on what indicate the references on geographical indication and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like the school, the sports phenomenon adds cultural and identity elements considering the different geographical contexts, that is, sports are also social manifestations of the school plot. The present study investigated how students from different cultures (brazilian-bolivians) portray their national identity and assume a predilection for certain football schedules. The research is qualitative, which a group of individuals, composed of 14 students from a municipal school in Corumbá-MS, located near the Brazil-Bolivia border, was interviewed. The results indicate that the students mostly assume a preference for the Brazilian soccer teams, as well as reveal some distance between Bolivian teams. The display of the transformation of costumes and norms if the investigation process is not within the scope of its scope. Thus, the transformation of traditions of traditions is complex in the meaning of the expression, in this way the process of the students' modernity, it was considered of identities that the manifestation of the students expresses as a set of meanings that transcend football. Therefore, it was possible to infer that the cultural identity of these social actors is influenced by the favorable group affiliation that Brazilian soccer provides, especially when compared to Bolivian soccer teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rio Amonia Ashaninka indigenous people live in the Brazilian state of Acre on the Upper Jurua River on the border between Brazil and Peru. After their struggle against intensive lumber activities in the 1980s, and having obtained the demarcation of their territory in the early 1990s, they engaged in strategic alliances with several partners as an attempt to find economic alternatives to lumbering. In the past twenty years, with the growing influence of environmental concerns regarding development in the Amazon, the Amonia Ashaninka acquired great political visibility through various projects geared to the paradigm of «sustainable development ». Based on ethnographic fieldwork, carried out in various stages over the last fifteen years with the Amonia Ashaninka, this article retraces the plight of this community in the past two decades for land demarcation and to establish interethnic and transfrontier alliances as a means to install a broad «sustainable development» policy for the entire Upper Jurua region. It also analyses the present day development and border policies of both the Brazilian and Peruvian states, which entail new threats to the region's indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present and reaffirm the importance of shared public health management on the Brazil-Bolivia border. To this end, bibliographic and documentary surveys were carried out, as well as interviews with 14 experts who form the Community of Inquiry, an investigation method developed by John Dewey that provides a useful lens for studies on shared management, as it emphasizes the plurality of actors beyond the actions of the State, demonstrating how public health problems are dealt with in the region. Specifically, we detail part of COVID-19's first operations (February to June 2020) in the municipalities of Corumbá and Ladário (Brazil) and Puerto Quijarro and Puerto Suarez (Bolivia). Recognizing the political dimension of the problematic situation, we rekindle the importance of governance for combating the COVID-19 pandemic and for the shared management of other urgent local epidemics, such as dengue and H1N1 on the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-border network can be understood as a process of effective articulation and collaboration between researchers and university institutions in the three countries that form the triple border between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Its fundamental objective is to systematize information, research, monitor, and publicize results on the pandemic in a joint way, that is, to think of these localities and border municipalities of the three countries as a single cross-border region. This perspective of research and data analysis aims to break with the methodological nationalism so present in research in international border areas. This poses a number of challenges in systematizing joint information, as the institutions of each nation-state develop different methodologies and different time frames for the publication of official data, in addition to problems of underreporting in some cases. These difficulties became very present in the process of producing bulletins from covid 19 in the region, as evidenced here during the dialogue with the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Border management in Brazil cuts across state projects, land disputes and traffics repression, in a complex Latin American context. Analyses of the 1,765 km stretch between two triple borders in the Southern Cone show a dissimilar security architecture in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, reflecting national perspectives and problems. Despite existing cooperation and coordination agreements, border control is managed without a coherent and shared framework. National mindsets impose barriers to regional interoperability. Also, distinct population and network densities account for multiple border conditions. Since concrete institutional contacts are insufficient, the regional structure is heavily reliant on personal and temporary relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The border region is full of contrasts and contradictions, which involve, among various elements, a population with significant economic vulnerability and different social, cultural, economic, and political relations. In this universe, social assistance work takes on different dimensions because it is also necessary to serve foreign families, promoting specificities in the performance of these important professionals to be appointed. The demands met in the border region give new meaning to the professional practice of social workers, and it is essential to rethink social service practices with men, women, and children who live and produce on the border, giving rise to a (re)definition of identities, as will be presented in this text, which has as its general objective analyze the construction of the identity and professional performance of the social worker in a border region. The article’s spatial delimitation is the Brazil/Bolivia border, between the cities of Corumbá and Porto Quijarro. The methodological path has a bibliographic survey, and it was decided to read, analyze, and interpret the bibliography that highlights the theme in focus. The theoretical framework is supported by scholars from Social Work and the Frontier through other sciences such as Sociology, Geography, History, and Anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to study cooperative practices that can generate greater social and economical inclusion in a region located on the international border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, proposing a construct for the reflection and analysis of the process of cooperative and territorial governance. The study is characterized according to its purposes, as a multicast, exploratory and descriptive study, of qualitative nature, and as for the means as field investigation using semi-structured questionnaire applied to leaders and social agents, aggregated from a bibliographic and documentary research and direct observation. The systematization and analysis of the data related and contemplated the empirical evidences identified, the conceptual foundations, considerations of different authors and conclusive interpretations of the study authors. In the end, the study offers the proposal of an explanatory construct for the process of cooperative and territorial governance. Cooperatives operate according to the laws of each country and are influenced by various other features of international border regions. Advances in territorial development give cooperativism even greater relevance for promoting the economic and social inclusion growing and its promotion. The perspectives of cooperativism and development indicate prioritizing the strengthening of the cooperative system, the qualification of management and governance, investments in cooperative education, productive and technological innovation and the formation of new strategic cooperative alliances between cooperatives and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research question followed by this paper: Have public policies for fighting dengue been fully implemented in border municipalities given their territorial complexity? From this, we seek to analyze the influence of the contextual characteristics of two border municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá (Brazil/ Bolivia border) and Ponta Porã (Brazil/Paraguay border), regarding the Dengue National Control Program (pncd in the Portuguese acronym) degrees of implementation and their influence on the observed effects. The methodology was an evaluative survey among Brazilian border municipalities. Data collection involved documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. The evaluative analysis showed that the external context of the two municipalities was unfavorable to the implementation of dengue control actions, and did not achieve the targets proposed by the pncd. It is observable that there were concessions between the external and political-organizational contexts to implement the pncd partially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although AIDS care is generally improving in French Guiana, disparities among regions and certain key populations remain significant. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatial and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in remote areas in comparison to those followed in hospitals on the urban coast of French Guiana. The data presented were obtained from outpatient on primary care centers located in rural regions away from the urban coast. Data were compared with that from medical records of PLHIV treated in French Guiana's urban care. The evolution of the annual rate of discovery of HIV seropositivity indicates a lag in remote areas as compared to urban and coastal areas. In recent years, the epidemic appeared as particularly active in rural areas among Brazilian patients. The median age of PLHIV in remote areas was 43.8 years, the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.93. Nearly 37% of PLHIV were discovered with advanced disease (<200 CD4/mm3). The percentage of virological success after six months of HAART was 80% and 88% in remote areas and urban area, respectively. Efforts must be made to control and halt the spread of the HIV epidemic, as these remote sites represent strategic points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the marketing and sales of used clothing at the border between Bolivia and Brazil. The clothes cross through several countries via various forms of transportation, undergoing processes of smuggling, reuse, and wardrobe redefinition. At the end of the 20th century, the used clothing market acquired major importance through the involvement of North American and European nongovernmental organizations in collecting these goods in the form of donations to then send to South American countries, where the garments are remarketed. The used clothes take long voyages to get to Chilean ports, and then journey by train and other means of transportation toward Bolivia's eastern border with Brazil. Puerto Quijarro, Bolivia, and Corumbá, Brazil, represent an encounter of cultural and commercial exchange where smuggling and the buying and selling of used clothes are part of the cities' day-to-day engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrants, while in a position of subordination and vulnerability in the host society, can be defined as subjects of analysis of cultural studies. It is from this theoretical framework, which will investigate the social and cultural practices of Brazilian migrants settled in the northeast of the province of Misiones, Argentina. We focus our attention on analyzing whether these practices are truly ways to resist the dominant culture or simply constitute forms of reproduction and naturalization of them. Through four concrete practices (portuñol, el brique, the buying and selling of improvements and spontaneous occupation of private land) will reach the conclusion that the same evidence loans, grants, amalgams, conflicts, subordination and yet interstices creativity with the dominant culture. It shows the relational character that owns the popular culture with the dominant culture and its position of subordination and domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Latin America countries, programs and public policies aimed at indigenous health have impacted on new roles and border spaces. By addressing indigenous participation in primary healthcare, we analyze the tensions and negotiations before and after the implementation of the Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem in Brazil, providing as an example the indigenous land Kaingáng (TIK) located in the south of the country. Prior to the implementation of the Subsystem, the definition and execution of the services in this TIK were characterized by the strong presence of indigenous people linked to the indigenous political leader and the weak presence of institutions. Since 2000, the subsystem started covering various public and private segments. In the TIK, the role of a Kaingáng organization was full of ambiguities and paradoxes, because while it was an opportunity for getting a greater role in the negotiation spaces created by the State, it was also subject to the priorities defined in outer spaces to the ethnic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the category of lawless areas as an approach to the complex security situation resulting from increasing ties between localized criminality and transnational organized crime networks on the Colombian side of the Colombian-Brazilian border. The permanent presence of illegal armed actors in this border area is largely caused by the absence and weak presence of the Colombian State at its margins. The methodology used is both bibliographic and descriptive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the Brazilian-Uruguayan border region at Aceguá/Aceguá in an attempt to describe the literacy activities carried out in one or more languages (BORTOLINI, 2009; HORNBERGER, 2004) by students and their relatives outside the school context, in their daily lives. This research articulated quantitative and qualitative methodological perspectives (cf. RAUEN, 2006), and made use of forms applied in interviews, observations and field notes. The results suggest that the manifestation of different languages occur in the daily activities of border subjects. Even though Portuguese is the predominant language in use in some of the activities, biliteracy was found to be an important and current phenomenon in the lives of the individuals of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uruguay shares a long border with Brazil. There, inhabitants from both sides of the border shop in whichever country they find the cheapest prices. As a consequence of severe changes in the bilateral real exchange rate, the demand moves alternately from side to the other of the border, affecting the level of employment in two Uruguayan border provinces. The theoretical model outlined in this article intends to capture the main elements of the analyzed situation. The econometric estimates carried out validate the stated model and show that the labor markets on both sides of the border are not integrated enough to smooth the impact of demand movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The border area between French Guiana and Brazil is an active HIV-transmission zone. The aim of the present study was to describe HIV knowledge, risk and the level of stigma among inhabitants of this border area.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 621 inhabitants over 18 years of age in the border cities of Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock in French Guiana and Oiapoque in Brazil. It was conducted between October 2017 and February 2018. An anonymous standardized questionnaire was filled out by culturally-trained mediators, then analyzed using STATA 12.Results: Almost half (45.9%) of the individuals had a low education level. Participants whose native language was Portuguese or French demonstrated better HIV knowledge than other populations, notably native Amerindian and creole-speaking people. HIV risk behavior was more frequent in men and in younger age groups. People with good HIV knowledge reported having performed more HIV tests in the last year than participants with poor knowledge. The stigma level was high and reported in 74.8% of respondents.Conclusions: These results illustrate the need for initiatives to improve HIV prevention among autochthonous populations on both sides of this border area. Cross-border collaboration on health policies could produce common key messages adapted to the education level and multi-linguistic populations who live in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]