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The article examines the characteristics of spessartines from Penha do Norte, Galiléia in Brazil. Compared to Californian spessartines, the spessartines from Brazil have been identified to have exceedingly homogeneous composition for its irregular shapes scattered in albite. For zoning cannot be a reliable source to explain its formation, the Navegadora spessartines have been analyzed to be remnants of larger etched crystals for they possess a common crystallographic orientation.

The article deals with the controversy in the trade of various types of Paraiba tourmaline elbaite. The author states that some miners argued that the name Paraiba should be restricted to stones found within the state of Paraiba in Brazil. There are also some who believed that the term should be used for all blue and blue-green to green elbaite whose color can be attributed to copper, irrespective of where it was found.