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Atherosclerotic vascular changes can begin during childhood, providing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Identifiable risk factors such as dyslipidemia accelerate this process for some children. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene could help explain the inter-individual variability in lipid levels among young individuals and identify groups that require greater attention to prevent CVD. A cross-sectional study was conducted with school-aged children and adolescents in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. The study evaluated cardiovascular risk factors' variables and XbaI polymorphism in the APOB gene for associations with increased total cholesterol (TC). The prevalence of increased TC was notably high, reaching 68.9% in the study population. Carriers of the variant T allele were 1.45 times more likely to develop increased TC in a dominant model (1.09-1.94, p = 0.011). After adjustments, excess weight and a family history of dyslipidemia interacted significantly with XbaI polymorphism in increased TC, resulting in Odds Ratio of 1.74 (1.11-2.71, p = 0.015) and 2.04 (1.14-3.67, p = 0.016), respectively. The results suggest that XbaI polymorphism in the APOB gene may affect the lipid profile of Brazilian children and adolescents and could contribute to the CVD in adulthood., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Ouro Preto (CAAE 28680020.0.0000.5150). Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and written informed consent was obtained from the parents., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Self-care refers to the ability that an individual has or develops to regulate the functioning of the body. Health status and age are factors associated with dependency on, and the need for, someone else to take over self-care. In the present case, there was a self-care deficit. Cystic fibrosis is a chronic disease that occurs in one in 10,000 live births in Brazil, and the affected population in the country is predominantly pediatric (approximately 73%). Support from nursing teams is necessary to improve patients' skills until they can take full responsibility for their self-care., Purpose: This study aimed to identify self-care deficits based on reports from schoolchildren with cystic fibrosis., Design and Method: A qualitative study was conducted with eight Brazilian schoolchildren with cystic fibrosis, using an art-based technique during interviews. Minayo's thematic analysis was used for data analysis and interpretation., Results: These results emerged from Orem's theory of self-care deficits and needs. A main theme labeled as universal self-care requisites was identified, and three subthemes were derived-maintenance of an adequate air supply; maintenance of a balance between activity and rest; and avoiding risks to life, bodily functions, and well-being., Conclusion: Schoolchildren living with cystic fibrosis have a negative attitude toward their disease, which makes it difficult for them to acquire the ability to care for themselves with greater autonomy. This leads to deficits in the self-care delivered by providers., Implications to Practice: It is necessary to recognize the deficits in self-care and the extent to which children living with cystic fibrosis depend on self-care providers. Families must be aware of these self-care deficits to develop holistic self-care abilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: to describe the methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of the PlayPerformance Scale for Children to Brazilian Portuguese., Methods: methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation in six stages: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, evaluation by expert nurses, and pretest. The agreement and representativeness of the items were assessed using the content validity index. A minimum value of 80% agreement was considered., Results: all stages of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process were satisfactory. In the evaluation performed by the committee of judges, all items obtained agreement above 80%. Fifteen pediatric nurses conducted the content validation, suggesting necessary modifications for understanding and application. Thirty children and adolescents with cancer were assessed with the scale for the pre-test., Conclusions: the scale was cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The need for psychometric testing in a consistent sample is emphasized.

Objectives: to describe the use of toys by nursing during the care of children in the inpatient unit; to analyze the factors that influence the use of therapeutic toys by nursing in the care of hospitalized children., Methods: qualitative research, conducted in a pediatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro between July and August 2019. Semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used as methodological procedure., Results: the 12 nurses and 7 nursing technicians revealed minimizing fear, relieving tension, and creating a bond between the child and the professional as the main benefits; they use as resources: children's toys, hospital materials, cartoons, and children's videos. The high demand for work, deficit of human resources, and appropriate ludic materials are factors that interfere with the use of toys as a therapeutic resource., Final Considerations: although the participants recognize the importance of the toy as a therapeutic resource, there is no systematization of its use in pediatric practice.

Objectives: to describe home care practices performed by family members for maintaining the life of children with gastrostomy., Methods: qualitative research using the Sensitive Creative method, with the Criatividade e Sensibilidade Corpo Saber [Corpo Saber Creativity and Sensitivity] dynamics. The participation included ten family caregivers of children with gastrostomy. The outpatient clinic of a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro was the setting. Lexical analysis was used through the IRaMuTeQ® software., Results: Theme 1, entitled "The care for maintaining life performed by family members of children with gastrostomy at home", was analyzed, comprising three classes: "The gastrostomy tube home care routine"; "The care with the gastrostomy/stoma"; and "Food and medication home care routine of children with gastrostomy"., Final Considerations: family caregivers used strategies to maintain the device and acquired new knowledge in this field, and in nursing competence, regarding stoma care, food administration, medication, and syringes.

Objective: To examine the impact of the infection by the novel coronavirus on Brazilian children in situation of social vulnerability based on the Millennium Sustainable Development Goals., Method: Reflective study based on discursive formulation in three aspects: principles of the objectives and goals for the millennium sustainable development; impact of the pandemic on the health of children and their families living in social vulnerability; and the role of pediatric nursing in the care provided - limits and challenges., Results: In January 2020, the news of COVID 19 is released as a pandemic. In Brazil, children and families are still without access to basic rights, thereby increasing their risks of social vulnerability because of the quarantine. The nursing field has an important role in monitoring children and their families, offering guidance in search for solutions and preventing contamination., Conclusion: There are still challenges to be overcome by the children and their families in situations of vulnerability against COVID-19.

Objective: To study the growth of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) from birth to 2 years of age and to construct specific UCLP growth curves., Design: Physical growth was a secondary outcome measure of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored longitudinal, prospective clinical trial involving the University of Florida (United States) and the University of São Paulo (Brazil)., Patients: Six hundred twenty-seven children with UCLP, nonsyndromic, both genders., Methods: Length, weight, and head circumference were prospectively measured for a group of children enrolled in a clinical trial. Median growth curves for the three parameters (length, weight, head circumference) were performed and compared with the median for the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) curves. The median values for length, weight, and head circumference at birth and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age were plotted against NCHS median values and statistically compared at birth and 24 months., Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil (HRAC-USP)., Results: At birth, children of both genders with UCLP presented with smaller body dimensions in relation to NCHS median values, but the results suggest a catch-up growth for length, weight, and head circumference for girls and for weight (to some degree) and head circumference for boys., Conclusions: Weight was the most compromised parameter for both genders, followed by length and then head circumference. There was no evidence of short stature. This study established growth curves for children with UCLP.