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Objective: To determine the association between the perception of caregivers regarding the oral health of their children and socio-demographic characteristics, report of dental pain, and clinical oral conditions., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 570 children aged two to five years old, enrolled at public preschools, and with their caregivers. Data regarding perceptions of oral health status in children, socio-demographic characteristics, and dental pain were collected from a questionnaire. Three examiners (Kappa>0.7) evaluated children's oral health status using the dmft index, pufa index, and the Andreasen classification for traumatic dental injury (TDI). The occurrence of open bite and overjet was also investigated. Descriptive analyses, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were used, considering a 5% significance level., Results: A total of 24.7% of children had poor oral health status, which increased 4.92-fold (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 3.05-7.93) when children had dental caries, and 3.78-fold (95%CI 1.63-8.76) when there were consequences from dental caries. The perception of poor oral health was also associated to open bite (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98; 95%CI 1.16-3.38) and TDI (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68). No associations were found between the perception of caregivers and socio-demographic variables or overjet., Conclusions: The perception of caregivers of poor oral health in their children was associated to dental caries, its consequences, TDI, and open bite.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and associated factors in sugarcane cutters., Method: a cross-sectional, analytical study with 937 sugarcane cutters from Paraíba and Goiás, states of Brazil, respectively. An outcome variable was the positive results in some rapid tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed to identify the association between these infections and sociodemographic and behavioral variables., Results: all participants were male, most were young adults and had low schooling. Prevalence of STI was estimated at 4.1% (95% CI: 3.0-5.5). According to multiple regression analysis, the variables age over 40 years (OR 5.0; CI 95%: 1.8-14), alcohol consumption (OR 3.9; CI 95%: 1.3-11.9), and illicit drugs (OR 2.9; CI 95%: 1.3-6.3) were factors associated with the STIs investigated. On the other hand, having some religion (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.8), and work in the Midwest Region (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.9) were factors negatively associated with these infections., Conclusion: presence of risk behaviors for STI among sugarcane cutters. Screening for these infections in groups of rural workers is essential for early diagnosis and breaking the chain of transmission.

The aim of this study was to verify the oral habits, symptoms, and characteristics of some children aged 8 to 10 years that could be associated with possible sleep bruxism. A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were sent to parents to obtain information on sex, age, school shift, sleep quality, parents' perception of children's behavior, and children's oral habits (nail biting, object biting, and lip biting), and symptoms such as headache or earache. In addition, parents reported the frequency of sleep bruxism (no day to 7 days a week). Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed and the level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,554 parents of children aged 8 to 10 years participated in this study. Possible sleep bruxism was reported as mild for 65.7%, moderate for 25.3%, and severe for 9% of the children. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, boys were 79% more likely to have sleep bruxism (OR: 1.79; 95%CI 1.23-2.60) and were 2.06 more times at risk of being in the habit of lip biting (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.26-3.37). Children with possible severe sleep bruxism were 61% more likely to develop object biting (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.09-2.39), 52% more likely to have headaches (OR: 1.52; 95%CI 1.01-2.28), and 3.29 more times at risk of poor sleep quality (OR: 3.29; 95%CI 2.25-4.82). Based on the report, boys with lip and object biting habits, headaches, and poor sleep quality presented a higher chance of possible severe sleep bruxism.

Background: In recent decades the epidemic of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections has extended deep into Brazil, including small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), and to evaluate immunization coverage against hepatitis B in a group of rural workers in Brazil., Methods: In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 manual sugarcane cutters of the Midwest and Northeast Regions of Brazil. All individuals were interviewed and screened for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV. Correlating factors with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. Positive Predictive Values, Negative Predictive Values, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated relative to vaccination against Hepatitis B, comparing anti-HBs titers to vaccination reports., Results: Most reported previous hospitalization (55%), occupational injuries (54%), sharing of personal items (45.8%), alcohol consumption (77.2%), multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months (39.8%), and no condom use during sexual intercourse in last 12 months (46.5%). Only 0.2% reported using injection drugs. Anti-HIV-1 was detected in three individuals (0.3%). Serological markers of lifetime syphilis (treponemal test) were detected in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6-3.6) of participants, and active syphilis (treponemal test and VDRL) present in 1.2%. No samples were positive for anti-HCV. The prevalence of lifetime HBV infection (current or past infection) was 15.9%, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) were HBsAg-positive. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.53, CI 1.05-2.24, p < 0.01) and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months (OR 1.80, CI 1.25-2.60, p < 0.01) were predictors for lifetime HBV infection. Although 46.7% (95% CI 43.4-49.9) of individuals reported having been vaccinated against hepatitis B, only 20.6% (95% CI 18.1-23.3) showed serological evidence of previous hepatitis B vaccination (positive for anti-HBs alone)., Conclusions: The high prevalence of syphilis and HBV compared to the general population and the high frequency of risk behaviors show the potential for sexual and parenteral dissemination of these agents in this rural population. In addition, the low frequency of hepatitis B vaccinated individuals suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

Background/aim: Among the diseases related to oral health, traumatic dental injuries (TDI) can lead to pain, loss of function and aesthetic problems, with physical, emotional and social consequences for children and their families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between enamel fracture and enamel-dentin fracture with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)., Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study had a representative sample of 1589 children between 8-10 years of age from public schools. The OHRQoL was obtained through the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10 ), which is a questionnaire validated for Brazilian children. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.7) using the Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and TDI. A socio-economic questionnaire was sent to the caregivers to be answered at home. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis., Results: The prevalence of TDI was 10.6%, and among these 10.3% who had an impact on the OHRQoL, it was due to enamel-dentin fracture. Children with enamel-dentin fracture had (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.70) higher prevalence of impact on the OHRQoL. Children with enamel fracture had no impact on the OHRQoL (P = .254)., Conclusion: Enamel fracture had no significant impact on children's quality of life, while enamel-dentin fracture did have an impact on quality of life., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution of populations of gastrointestinal helminths in lactating crossbred cows and calves during the grazing season in an organic milk production system. In addition, the potential importance of the peripartum in relation to the parasite load was examined. Between January 2007 and December 2008, parasitological fecal examinations were performed on cattle belonging to the Integrated Animal Production Program of Embrapa Agrobiology. The cows' parasite load remained low during the study period, and there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) in comparisons between the seasons. The average egg count showed a positive correlation (0.80) with the peripartum, such that egg elimination per gram (p < 0.05) was higher during the week of labor than during the pre and postpartum periods. Calves showed low parasite loads, with significantly higher egg elimination (p < 0.05) during the winter. The study indicated that infection with gastrointestinal helminths was not a limiting factor for milk production in the organic system. Specifically, it was concluded that the nematode load can be maintained at moderate levels throughout the production system, even in the absence of anthelmintic treatment.