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×Cyclobotrya amalgamata, a new intergeneric hybrid between Cyclodium meniscioides var. meniscioides and Polybotrya osmundacea, is described and illustrated. It was found in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil, growing in a mixed population with both parents. It is morphologically intermediate between its parents and has misshapen sporangia and spores. It represents the second hybrid in ×Cyclobotrya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present five nomenclatural novelties in Serpocaulon: S. articulatum (C. Presl) Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm., the correct name for the specimens long called as S. giganteum (or Polypodium giganteum); S. rex Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm., a new species from the Seasonal semi-Deciduous Forest of southeastern Brazil; S. hirsutulum (T. Moore) Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm., a species commonly regarded as doubtful; S. ×pubescens (Rosenst.) Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm., a putative hybrid between S. menisciifolium and S. hirsutulum; and S. laetum (C. Presl) Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm., the correct name for the species recently renamed S. sehnemii. In addition, we provide a new conspectus of the genus in Brazil, with a key to the species with fully pinnate laminae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phylogenetic analysis of plastid rbcL sequences indicates that Pellaea flavescens from Brazil is nested within the Old World species Pellaea viridis. The morphology of these two species is similar and P. flavescens is here considered to be a synonym of the older P. viridis. This fern may have been introduced to and subsequently naturalized in Brazil or, alternatively, the natural result of long distance dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study about a new species of Microgramma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The study provides a new generic circumscription of the genus based on phylogenetic evidence. The recognition of the relationships of Microgramma microsoroides and the definition of the genera of Polypodiaceae are discussed.