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Kempnyia (Plecoptera: Perlidae) is an endemic genus of Brazilian stoneflies that has 36 valid species and is distributed primarily in the Atlantic Forest and the mountainous areas of Central Brazil, particularly in Goiás and Tocantins states. Despite being the Brazilian genus with the most DNA sequences available on GenBank, integrative studies on the genus began only recently, in 2014. In this context, herein we studied the morphology and molecular data of Kempnyia specimens deposited in the Aquatic Biology Laboratory (UNESP, Assis) and the Entomology Museum of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFVB, Viçosa) collections. For the integrative approach adopted, in addition to studying the specimens morphologically, we used sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene combined with the following species delimitation methods: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), both primary (ABGDp) and recursive (ABGDr) partitions; Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP); Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) and the Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). As a result, we provided 28 new COI sequences of 21 species and support the description of four new species, namely, K. guaranisp. nov., K. tupiniquimsp. nov., K. unasp. nov., and K. zwickiisp. nov., consequently increasing the known diversity of the genus to 40 species. We also discuss the morphological variations observed in other species of the genus and provide several new geographic records. Therefore, our study brings new insights into the values of intra- and interspecific molecular divergence within Kempnyia, serving as a basis for new studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-stream conditions can affect the distribution of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders (EPT) because they require specific food resources and good quality water. Therefore, we evaluated the association between the different facets of the EPT diversity (genera richness, beta diversity, and abundance of individuals) and an environmental gradient in Cerrado streams from the State of Maranhão, Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that macrophyte coverage is the most important predictor of the EPT communities. We sampled EPT communities and a set of ten environmental variables in 20 streams with different proportions of macrophyte cover. We sampled over 3700 macroinvertebrate specimens representing 36 genera and 14 EPT families. Our results show that the overall habitat conditions are important for the EPT communities. Macrophyte coverage, particularly, drives the biggest changes in beta diversity. Thus, we suggest that macrophyte cover should be considered in ecological studies of aquatic assemblages, especially in Cerrado regions, where streams naturally have a greater light input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way species respond to environmental changes depends on several factors, but mainly on their niche breadth in the face of habitat variability and changes. Our study evaluated, over a six-year period, how the abundance and richness of generalist and specialist genera of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) respond to mining activities in the Carajás National Forest, Pará state, Brazil. We hypothesized that the abundance and richness of specialist genera would be lower in streams impacted by mining. We collected 49,822 individuals, distributed in 31 genera classified as specialists and 28 as generalists. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) we found that there was a negative effect of mining on the estimated richness of specialists and, contrary to what we expected, there was a positive effect of mining on the abundance of specialists. On the other hand, the generalists negatively responded to the mining in the estimated richness and abundance. Specialists in streams affected by mining may increase their abundances due to habitat homogenization. Therefore, partitioning the assemblage into generalist and specialist groups has important applications in monitoring and better understanding assemblage patterns and how they are affected by anthropogenic effects, specifically mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of complementary sources of biological variation (e.g. morphological, molecular) has allowed a better understanding of biodiversity through the construction of an integrative taxonomy. Using this approach, specimens from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, southeastern Brazil, were studied to update the knowledge on the stonefly family Perlidae from the region, characterize the species, and make associations between nymphs and adults using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The study also discusses the implications of integrative taxonomy and teneral specimens for the study of South American Perlidae. The molecular data were analyzed using Bayesian inference, Neighbor-joining, and delimiting species methods. Our results revealed that, in general, there was a morphological and molecular congruence between species. In the Paranapiacaba Mountains, three genera and 15 species were recorded: Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich 2004, A. debilis (Pictet 1841) (new record), A. fiorentini De Ribeiro and Froehlich 2007 (new record), A. flintorum Froehlich 2002, A. iporanga Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. itajaimirim Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. polita (Burmeister 1913), A. subcostalis Klapálek 1921, A. tupi Bispo and Froehlich 2004 (with a description of the nymph), Kempnyia auberti Froehlich 1996, K. colossica (Navás 1934), K. flava Klapálek 1916, K. neotropica (Jacobson and Bianchi 1905) (including its new junior synonym K. petersorum Froehlich 1996), Kempnyia sp., and Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984. COI sequences were obtained for 11 species, five of which had nymphs associated with adults. Among the five associated nymphs, the nymph of A. tupi is described here. The results of this study indicate that the color of adult teneral specimens differs from that of mature specimens. Given this, the synonym of K. neotropica and K. petersorum was proposed since these species have high morphological and molecular similarities and differ only in color patterns. In addition, the previous record of A. petersi Froehlich 2002 from the Paranapiacaba Mountains was invalidated since it was considered a teneral specimen of A. flintorum. These results suggest that the development of an integrative taxonomy is essential to continue advancing the study of Perlidae diversity in South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of shredders in organic matter processing in streams, information about the habitat specificities of different taxa is scarce. Herein, we evaluated the habitat preferences of invertebrate shredders in tropical forest streams. A total of 72 leaf patches were sampled in three Atlantic Forest streams (SE Brazil). For each sample, 20 environmental variables were measured, including water properties and characteristics of the leaf patch. We used an Outlying Mean Index analysis to evaluate the niche breadth and overlap of each taxon found as well as habitat preferences. In total, we found 14 shredder taxa in 68 leaf patches, and the gradient of environmental conditions influenced the distribution of most taxa. Considering taxa that occurred in atypical habitats in the study sites, Blaberidae (semiaquatic cockroaches) and Trichodactylus fluviatilis (Decapoda) showed niche segregation, while Macrobrachium potiuna (Decapoda), Tupiperla (Plecoptera), and Nectopsyche (Trichoptera) showed niche overlap. On the other hand, Heterelmis (Coleoptera), Stenochironomus (Diptera), Phylloicus major, and Triplectides gracilis (Trichoptera) occurred in typical habitats. These results showed that shredder taxa had different habitat preferences. The observed differences in niche breadths and habitat specificities among taxa probably result in different leaf processing rates across leaf patches in Atlantic Forest streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stoneflies (Plecoptera) are aquatic insects widely used in ecological and monitoring studies as indicators of environmental quality due to their high sensitivity to pollution. Among Brazilian Plecoptera, Perlidae is the most diverse family, with four genera (Anacroneuria Klapálek 1909, Enderleina Jewett 1960, Kempnyia Klapálek 1914, and Macrogynoplax Enderlein 1909) and about 150 species. Herein, based on data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and morphological characters, we studied specimens of Enderleina and Macrogynoplax, mainly from the Brazilian Savanna. Our alignment with a total length of 608 base pairs included 23 COI sequences, of which 10 are new and 13 were obtained from GenBank. The sequences and congruence of the obtained species clusters were analyzed using neighbor joining. As a result, we describe a new species of Enderleina, the first of this genus in the Brazilian Savanna, and update the geographic distribution of some Macrogynoplax species. A new record was included for Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984 in São Paulo state and the first record of M. yupanqui Stark 1996 in Brazil was also included. First records were made for Macrogynoplax matogrossensis Bispo and Neves 2005 and a Macrogynoplax specimen in Goiás and Bahia states, respectively. Consequently, we expanded the distribution of the genus in the Brazilian Savanna and Atlantic Forest. In addition, we provide observations on the morphological differences found among these species, discuss about the distribution of the genera, present molecular data discussing their contributions to the knowledge of the genus, and comment on the recommendations for future research considering a scenario of integrative approaches. Lastly, we present a key to identify the adult males of Enderleina., (© 2023. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil.)

An understanding of the interactions among local environmental factors (e.g., physical habitat and water quality) and aquatic assemblages is essential to conserve biodiversity in tropical and subtropical headwater streams. We evaluated the relative importance of multiple physical and chemical habitat variables that influence the richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in wadeable Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) streams. We sampled macroinvertebrate assemblages and quantified physical and chemical habitat in 79 randomly selected sites in 2 Cerrado basins in southeastern Brazil. The environmental variables selected by multiple regression models (MLRs) via corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) contributed significantly to variation in EPT taxon richness. The variance explained by physical-habitat variables was slightly greater in the Upper São Francisco Basin (adjusted R² = 0.53) than in the Upper Araguari Basin (adjusted R² = 0.46), and both were greater than the variance explained by a combined basin model (adjusted R² = 0.39). Physical-habitat variables were more important than water-quality variables in structuring EPT genera in streams with catchments dominated by agriculture or pasture land uses. Regional models can be improved by incorporating basin-specific information to refine biological assessments and to provide better understanding of the interactions that maintain biodiversity in stream networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the larva ofKempnyia colossica(Navás 1934) is described based on material collected in Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo State, and biological notes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, adults of the family Gripopterygidae collected in Paranapiacaba mountains are analyzed, the new species are described and a key to species of this family from this area is presented. Twenty one species in four genera of Gripopterygidae are recorded in Paranapiacaba mountains, São Paulo State, Brazil. Gripopteryx comprises six species: Gripopteryx cancellata, Gripopteryx reticulata, Gripopteryx garbei, Gripopteryx coruja, Gripopteryx pinima and Gripopteryx flinti. Paragripopteryx is represented by eight species: Paragripopteryx klapaleki, Paragripopteryx anga, Paragripopteryx blanda, Paragripopteryx egena, Paragripopteryx hamata and three new species: Paragripopteryx intervalensis, Paragripopteryx kapilei and Paragripopteryx paranapiacabae. Tupiperla is represented by six species: Tupiperla gracilis, Tupiperla tessellata, Tupiperla eleonorae, Tupiperla umbya and two new species, Tupiperla amandae and Tupiperla froehlichi. Guaranyperla is represented by only one species: Guaranyperla guapiara. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new species of Tupiperla, T. jumirim, is described from Chapada dos Veadeiros, northern Goiás State, Brazil. Kempnyia oliveirai is recorded from the same locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven species of Anacroneuria from the Boracéia Biological Station are studied; two - A. boraceiensis sp. n. and A. vanini sp. n. - are described as new. The others are A. paulina (Navás), A. petersi Froehlich, A. polita (Burmeister), A. sit bcostalis Klapálek and A. uyara Froehlich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines species of adult stoneflies collected in Brazilian Amazonia. Identification of species of the genus Anacroneuria; Species of Macrogynoplax; Characters of the species.

Anacroneuria minuta Klapçlek is redescribed. A manauensis Ribeiro-Ferreira, sp. n., and A. marlieri Froehlich, sp. n., are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The symphoretic relationship between a species of Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) (Diptera, Chironomidae) and Kempnyia tijucana (Plecoptera, Perlidae) is recorded and described for the first time from southeastern Brazil. About 31% of the collected perlids were hosts of the chironomid larvae. The entire larval cycle of N. (Plecopteracoluthus ) sp. may be completed on a single instar of K. tijucana and the larval position on the host varied according to the stage of development of the chironomid, apparently being constant for young and old instars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We evaluated aquatic assemblage responses to native riparian vegetation loss. • We provided a framework that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of aquatic groups. • EPT were more sensitive to native vegetation loss than fish for both spatial extents. • EPT are most cost-effective for monitoring the effects of native vegetation loss. Biomonitoring is critical for characterizing and monitoring status, spatial patterns, and long-term trends in the ecological condition of freshwater ecosystems. The selection of cost-effective bioindicators is a critical step in establishing such monitoring programs. Key indicator considerations are a reliable response to anthropogenic disturbances, a high benefit-cost-ratio and sensitivity at multiple spatial extents. We evaluated non-linear responses of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) and fish to the effects of native vegetation loss within buffers of 100 m and 1000 m and assessed the sampling and processing costs involved for each assemblage. We sampled 37 neotropical stream sites in the Formoso River network, a karstic region of the Bodoquena Plateau, midwest Brazil, lying in the ecotone between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biological hotspots. We used TITAN (threshold indicator taxa analysis) to identify six indicator taxa, four EPT genera and two fish species. The four EPT genera had low negative thresholds to native vegetation loss, whereas the two fish species had positive thresholds. Thresholds were lower for the 100 m buffers than the 1000 m buffers for EPT. The most sensitive taxon (Macronema , Trichoptera) had a threshold of 0% native vegetation loss in the 100 m buffers and nearly 40% in the 1000 m buffers. For taxa richness, we found no non-linear response to the effects of native vegetation loss for buffer extent nor assemblage. The total cost for EPT biomonitoring was US$ 3,616; whereas for fish, the total was US$ 1,901. Although fish were less expensive than EPT, they did not respond negatively to native vegetation loss and their positive threshold started at 48%, a level of vegetation loss that was highly disruptive of EPT. Therefore, we do not recommend using fish to monitor the effects of native vegetation loss on headwater streams in the Bodoquena Plateau. Although EPT monitoring costs 52% more than fish assemblage monitoring, it detected earlier impacts of the effects of native vegetation loss on stream biota, especially in the 100 m buffer. Therefore, EPT are more cost-effective early warning indicators for monitoring the effects of native vegetation loss in Bodoquena Plateau headwaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six additional characters are proposed to distinguish the nymphs of the perlid genera from Southeastern Brazil, and a practical key is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the Kempnyia tijucana species (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from southeastern Brazil. Morphology; Differences from other insects in the Kempnyia genus; Distribution.

Tupiperla generic characters are discussedand the Brazilian species are revised. Tupiperla gracilis and T. tesselata are redescribed. Paragripopteryx eleonorae is transferredto Tupiperla. Seven new species, T. illiesi, T. modesta, T. oliveirai,T. reichardti, T. robusta, T. sulina and T. umbya, are described.A key to the known species is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Knowledge about the distribution of aquatic insects in different types of mesohabitats is very important for conservation of benthic macrofauna. This study evaluated the composition and spatial distribution of the fauna of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) in eight streams in forested areas in the southeastern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The collections were carried out in the dry season, obtaining 10 litter samples from riffles and 10 from pools in each stream, using a Surber sampler. We identified 5,631 organisms of 49 EPT genera. The abundance and fauna composition values differed between the streams and mesohabitats, while the richness only differed between the streams. Eleven taxa were recorded with greatest abundance and frequency in riffles and six in pools. The results suggest that the abiotic characteristics at the stream scale (e.g., water temperature) and mesohabitat scale (water speed) are the main determinants of the variation in the structure and composition of the EPT assemblages, reinforcing the importance of separately evaluating samples from different types of mesohabitats. • The proposal of the manuscript is to identify the distribution of aquatic insects in different types of mesohabitats. • Evaluated the composition and spatial distribution of the fauna of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT). • The abundance and composition values differed between the streams and mesohabitats, the richness differed between the streams. • The physical variables of the mesohabitats and distance between streams best explains the structure of the EPT assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]