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Background: In global health crises, there is a heightened risk to patient and professional safety. Several studies have evaluated the safety climate, revealing different perceptions among healthcare professionals, often influenced by demographic characteristics. This study aimed to assess the percentage of problematic responses (PPR) for the patient safety climate dimensions and... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agroecological fairs are the main routes for the distribution of organic food whose consumers are concerned with feeding habits and environmental impacts. Current analysis characterizes and analyzes the socioeconomic profile and purchasing and consumption aspects of consumers in an organic fair in Belem PA Brazil. The agricultural fair occurs twice a week in Praça Brasil and there were 150 people at the time of data collection. Size of sample (n = 76 consumers), at 8% sample error, was calculated. Structured forms with questions were randomly applied and data were tabulated by Excel and analyzed by descriptive statistics and χ²-square test. Results showed a heterogenic profile with a predominance of intermediately aged people, high schooling and great monthly income. Most consumers were always present at the fair and only recently became adepts of organic food. Main difficulties for the acquisition and consumption of organic food comprised issues related to access to fairs, variety of products and prices; indirectly, the lack of propaganda. Strategies by the administration and by the sellers are needed to aggregate diversified consumers, especially those with lower incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian Labour Force Survey publishes monthly national indicators based on 3‐month rolling data. This paper presents state‐space models to produce state‐level single‐month unemployment rate estimates. The models account for sampling errors and the increased dynamics in the labour force series due to the unforeseen SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic. Bivariate time series models with claimant count auxiliary data and multivariate models combining survey data of several states are investigated. The results demonstrated the benefits of the univariate state‐space approach to produce unemployment official statistics for Brazil. Additionally, the regional multivariate model shows promising results but requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different sampling methods can be used in forest surveys. It is important to know the precision and accuracy of these sampling methods, and which one is the most appropriate in specific conditions of the forest population. The aim of this study was to compare estimates of a forest inventory performed by different sampling methods with forest census results. The sampling methods evaluated were the fixed-area method and the variable-area methods of Bitterlich, Prodan, and Strand. The data were obtained in a 15-year-old thinned stand of Pinus taeda L., located in the municipality of Teixeira Soares, southern Brazil, with a total area of 12.80 ha. Initially, the forest census was carried out, and subsequently, the sample units for each sampling method were distributed in the stand, with a common starting point. The variables used to compare the sample results with the census means were quadratic diameter, number of trees, basal area, and volume, per hectare. Precision and accuracy were evaluated by sampling error and whether the confidence intervals covered the population means, respectively. The fixed-area and Bitterlich methods stood out in precision for all variables analysed. The fixedarea, Bitterlich and Strand methods with proportion to height provided more accurate estimates. The Prodan method provided inaccurate and imprecise estimates for the variables under analysis, except for the quadratic diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prioritizing roads for mitigation can be a challenge in conservation. The comparison of fatality estimates is an important tool to assist in this process, but the sampling errors in these estimates should be considered. Spatial and temporal patterns of wildlife fatalities vary among different roads, and multispecies evaluations can be biased by the abundance of a dominant fatality species. We compared three roads in southern Brazil regarding their mammalian fatality estimates, assessed temporal and spatial patterns of these records, and evaluated the effect of a dominant fatality species on these observed patterns. We found a discrepancy in road prioritization when using the estimated rather than the observed number of fatalities to the extent that the road with the lowest priority became the one with the highest. Therefore, we demonstrated the importance of considering sampling errors in fatality estimates. Our data evidenced the influence of the dominant fatality species on the temporal patterns on the three roads, changing the distribution of fatalities. We also demonstrated the importance of considering the influence of the dominant fatality species on the spatial patterns due to changes in the location of hotspots, representing hotspots with more non-dominant species. The decision of where to mitigate, given a stated mitigation target, could be improved by a simple cost–benefit approach considering all records or only non-dominant species. Independently of road or mitigation target, mitigating a small fraction of the road extension with effective action can avoid a considerable fraction of the fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Community Health Workers (CHW) are a category of social workers described in many countries' health systems as responsible for engaging people in their residences and communities, and other non-clinical spaces to enable access to health services, especially in low-income areas. These professionals have been exposed to numerous new risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study describes how the COVID-19 pandemic is perceived by CHWs who work in poor communities or slums in Brazil. METHODS: We conducted an online survey with a random sample of 775 CHWs operating in 368 municipalities of the 26 Brazilian states. At a confidence level of 95%, results of the survey were subject to a maximum sampling error of 4%. RESULTS: Our data indicate that the negationist agenda increases the challenges to the performance of CHWs within low-income communities, preventing the consensus on the necessity of social distancing, business closures and other measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The pandemic imposes unexpected challenges on the usual modes of interaction of public health officers with poor communities. This study provides evidence that these challenges have been ignored or minimized in Brazilian policy prescriptions for primary care in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight in adolescents has almost tripled in the last ten years, posing a risk for the development of noncommunicable diseases throughout life. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with overweight in adolescents from quilombola schools in Macapá-AP, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 306 schoolchildren aged 10 to 19 years and of both sexes. The excess weight (dependent variable) wasobtained through the BMI using the formula Weight (kg) / height (m)2 and considering as outcome the adolescents who presented percentile >85. The associated factors (independent variables) to overweight were obtained through a questionnaire with information about socio-demographic and economic characteristics; behavioral and family characteristics; characteristics of eating habits. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression, with a sample error of 5% and a 95% confidence index to determine possible associations between the variables. Results: A prevalence of 19.3% (CI: 95%) for overweight and its association with ingestion of alcoholic beverages (p = 0.03), physically inactive behavior (p = 0.01) was identified, (p = 0.03) and to make fad diets (p = 0.01) .The results showed that the excess weight prevalence was high, with both boys and girls with unhealthy lifestyle becoming more Therefore, there is a need to investigate other factors associated with overweight in traditional communities, especially adolescents, in order to identify other variables of association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The promotion of a positive birth experience has been a main goal of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recent work on improving maternity care. The purpose of this study was to assess the cesarean rates, the prevalence of birth practices, perinatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction, in women involved with the respectful maternity care (RMC) support groups in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study of women with low‐risk pregnancies who were assisted by professionals recommended by the RMC groups. An online questionnaire was administered. Variables to assess birth practices were classified as positive, negative, or unspecified according to the WHO guidelines. The Pearson chi‐square tests and odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess differences between the groups. Results: Five‐hundred and eighty women completed the questionnaire. The cesarean rate was 14.7%, and the operative vaginal birth rate was 9.5%. The VBAC rate was 87.1%, and there was no significant difference in risk for cesarean between women with or without a prior cesarean. Of all women, 83.1% had a midwife's assistance and 75.5% hired a doula; 81.4% gave birth in a nonlithotomic position. The practices of enema, fasting and episiotomy were all under 2%. All 5‐minute Apgar scores were ≥7. Most (83.1%) women reported having a positive birth experience. Conclusions: Woman's engagement with the birth support groups and a transdisciplinary team focused on RMC are key elements to achieve positive perinatal outcomes and high women's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"A measure of efficiency loss for the precision of estimates implied by sampling fractions reduction is described here....A study of the sampling fractions needed to guarantee a given precision level to estimate characteristics...is also performed. An application of the methodology suggested is included. The example is based on household characteristics investigated in [Brazil's]... Census of 1980, with estimates published at a county level and for the set of alternative sampling fractions for the 1990... Census." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)