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The central objective of this article is to recognize and limit some generalities regarding port operations along the brazilian coast during the 19th century. Keeping the local, regional and natural/ historical specificities of each port, we weave some points of contact between the big national ports beyond the commercial and cultural exchange networks. In this work, we seek to trace common characteristics of brazilian ports in the tension between permanence and change, reproduction and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has recently revised its strategy for shipping decarbonization, deepening the ambition to reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The accomplishment of this strategy requires the large-scale deployment of alternative maritime fuels, whose diversity and technical characteristics impose transition challenges. While several studies address the production of these fuels, a notable gap lies in the analysis of the required adaptations in vessels and ports for their usage. This study aims to fill this gap with a comprehensive review of material compatibility, storage in ports/vessels, and bunkering technology. First, we analyze key aspects of port/vessel adaptation: physical and chemical properties; energy conversion for propulsion; fuel feeding and storage; and bunkering procedures. Then, we perform a maturity assessment, placing each studied fuel on the technological readiness scale, revealing the most promising options regarding infrastructure adaptability. Finally, we develop a case study from Brazil, whose economy is grounded on maritime exports. The findings indicate that multi-product ports may have the potential to serve as multi-fuel hubs, while the remaining ports are inclined to specific fuels. In terms of vessel categories, we find that oil tankers, chemical ships, and gas carriers are most ready for conversion in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is a worldwide health problem, and exposure to the pollution can cause damage to the human body, especially to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Asthma is the third most common chronic disease in Brazil, presenting high prevalence in some areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-report the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Santos city, Brazil, and its associated factors in the adult population (between 18 and 59 years old). A cross-sectional study was applied in two different areas of the city. The participants of this study were selected by zip code estimated on a random sample. The ECHRS and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. Associations between categorical variables were tested using Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Single and multiple logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the risk factors for asthma. Georeferencing was implemented to distribute the cases. The highest prevalence of asthma was found in Ponta da Praia neighborhood (16.4%; p=0.019), as well as waking up with a coughing crisis in the last 12 months (26.4%; p <0.001). The risk factors for asthma were the following: living next Santos Port area (OR: 2.90; 95%CI 1.13–7.44); and the presence of O3 (OR = 2.63; 95%CI 0.86–7.96). This pioneering study demonstrated that living near the port area increases the chances of adults having self-reported asthma symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal areas are associated with anthropogenic activities and stressors that can expose the marine fauna to negative cumulative impacts. Apex predators, such as dolphins, can flag the quality of their environment through health parameters such as cutaneous and body conditions. We examined the potential relationship between environmental conditions and health parameters of Guiana dolphins around a port and a conservation unit within the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, southern Brazil. During boat surveys between July 2018 and April 2019 covering both areas, we measured environmental parameters, photographed dolphins to infer their health condition and the frequency of use of the estuary. In total, 204 individual Guiana dolphins were photo-identified, 52 of which were seen in both years. In general, dolphins showed poor body condition (76% classified as emaciated or thin in 2018, and 79% in 2019), diverse cutaneous conditions (four types of lesions suggestive of an infectious aetiology, two conditions suggestive of traumatic events of anthropogenic origin, and two anomalous pigmentation) and a high prevalence of such cutaneous conditions (85% in 2018, 70% in 2019). Most individuals maintained their body and cutaneous conditions between the two years. There were no clear differences between the port and the conservation areas in terms of environmental conditions, frequency of use and health conditions of individual dolphins, suggesting that dolphins inhabiting this estuarine complex are exposed to potential cumulative impacts, such as pollutants, noise and habitat degradation. This study provides baseline information on some health parameters of Guiana dolphins in southern Brazil and highlights the need for systematic, long-term health assessment of Guiana dolphin populations to guide conservation actions to safeguard this vulnerable species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work propose a practical tariff models regarding public ports in Brazil, using a new normative launched for Brazilian transportation agency (ANTAQ) in 2019. It also brings theoretical and analytical elements, economic and financial balance based on appropriate average costs in each tariff modality. Contains a complete mathematical-financial model, including a numerical, hypothetical and general example, a case study serving as a starting point for the all other concrete cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on the process of importing containerized cargo, specifically the prime granite product drained by a port in Northeastern Brazil in order to identify performance metrics in the interrelationship between the port and bonded warehouse agents. Interviews were conducted with agents responsible for the process of importing prime granite and mapping the product chain and surveying the activities carried out by the port and the bonded warehouse. Thus, it is possible to apply the Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR) logistics approach, which aims to improve the supply chain. In this work, the process and performance sections of the SCOR model are highlighted. The activities carried out in the prime granite chain were systematically structured and the corresponding metrics were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to assess the technical efficiency of Brazilian public container terminals due to the competitiveness required in this sector. An efficiency ranking was established applying the Grey Relational Analysis method to all the Brazilian public containers. After that, the efficiency levels were forecasted for the year 2052, considering the historical data of terminals' activity, the amount of used resources and their nominal capacities. The findings shows that the most efficiency terminals did not reach above 80% efficiency, even considering that they are the ones that best allocate their assets based on their demand. Furthermore, the improvement of technical efficiency of terminals does not depend only on the spare capacity; it must be a combination of resources, based on the increase in demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The main objective of this article is to discuss the Brazilian environmental legislation and policies towards the development of navigation and port management. The research illustrated some difficulties faced by the country and make suggestions to overcome it. The construction of the environmental legal framework began in the early 1960s and resulted in a very complex system, as a consequence of policies adopted by the country. Nowadays Brazilian environmental policies are developed in democratic and participative way, although with elevated degree of bureaucracy and lack of integration among the several governmental agencies, which makes the approval of environmental certifications demand several years for new port projects or improvements, which delays the economic development of the country. Efforts have been made to simplify the licensing process. As result of this research two flowchart for environmental licenses of ports installation are shown: The first shows the process until 2009 and the second shows the process nowadays. This become an important issue due the fact that inland navigation is one of the less pollutant modes of transportation, and although, the process of environmental certification was simplified, if compare with 2009, it is still complex and time-consuming, delaying the development of the infrastructure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A port complex was implanted in the coast region of Suape, PE-Brasil, in 1979–80, which altered the geomorphological and hydrodynamic conditions of the area, mainly in the estuary of the Ipojuca River. Water samples were collected from the surface and the deep layer to determine the salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, and temperature from three fixed stations in the estuary of the Ipojuca River during the summer and winter before (1978) and after (1986–87) the port's construction, in order to evaluate the effects of the port-induced changes. The data were subjected to a principal component analysis and to individual t tests. The first principal component, the axis of maximum information, alone explained 50% of the total variance, being associated with the generalized increase of the chemical parameters after the port's construction, mainly the salinity. Despite the fact that the results of the t tests presented significant differences only for the dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature, the increased salinity produced the greatest ecological effects in the estuary. The water flow of the Ipojuca River was diverted toward the ocean, decreasing the river-flow velocity at the mouth. This decrease in flow caused a sedimentation in the area, a decrease in the circulation and depth, and a transformation of the mouth of the river into a coastal lagoon with an increase in evaporation and salinity. A delay of more than 2 hours was observed in the dynamic tide in relation to the normal 6-hour cycles. Despite an increase in the concentration of dissolved oxygen and transparency values, effects that theoretically improve environmental conditions, a morphological transformation occurred that caused drastic changes in the estuary's circulation and in the tidal currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove forests worldwide are threatened environments considered vulnerable to chronic contamination by hydrophobic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These ecosystems have a key role in the dynamics of biogenic and anthropogenic carbon storage and provide proper conditions for accumulation. One of most important subtropical mangrove swamps in the South Atlantic is located in the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), the largest bay of South Brazil surrounded by well-preserved Atlantic rainforests; however, the PES is under imminent risks of damage, e.g., due to incidental oil spills during port operations. In this scenario, PAHs were assessed for the first time in the mangrove sediments of the PES. The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (EPA) (

The benefits of high resolution remote sensing techniques and data for the mapping of coastal environments include their ability to capture the spatial variability of the rich and diverse sedimentary landforms and habitats of coastal systems as well as gather and manage different types of data and information using the same platform for multi-scale and multi-layer analysis. This work analyses the efficacy of high resolution satellite imagery for mapping benthic habitat and the seascape characteristics of a coastal lagoon (Suape Bay - 40 km south of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil) subjected to high anthropogenic impact and exposed to different conditions of tides, suspended sediment regime, and wave dynamics, using different types of processing and classification methods. We analyzed two World View 2 images acquired in 2010 and 2015 in similar tidal conditions and low water turbidity. Preprocessing included the application of radiometric and atmospheric correction, sunglint removal, and land/sea areas masking. To extract the depth information, a Band Ratio and Simple Radiative Transfer Model were employed. The model was corrected and calibrated by using a set of 150 control points collected by echo sounding surveying. A benthic terrain model was developed to identify and map topographic features at broad and fine scales. Supervised Pixel and Object-Based classification methods were applied to visible bands of WV2 and bathymetric data to produce benthic habitat maps of the lagoon area. The analyses were validated by ground truthing based on bottom sediment sampling, underwater photographs, and side scan sonar surveys. Image 1 • A multi-method approach was applied for benthic habitat mapping in an estuarine lagoon Bay. • Both bathymetric and spectral information can significantly help to improve mapping quality of a benthic cover map. • High Resolution (World View2) imaging can provide good seabed mapping results but is limited by cloud cover, depth, and turbidity condition. • Benthic habitat information can be a key component to implement effective coastal monitoring and management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]