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The primary objective of this study is to compare the conceptualized model versus the actual implementation of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) in Brazil and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB) in Portugal, from its creations to the present day, in the institutional and pedagogical field. The two organizations focus on training professionals through more practical approaches, learning in close collaboration with industries and society, boosting regional development. Our research is justified by the fact that there are few studies on how higher educational organizations respond to the new demands in their local contexts, without violating their modus operandi. In Portugal, the higher education system is binary, composed of universities and polytechnics, whereas in Brazil, there is no designed system for higher education that distinguishes Classical Universities (CU) from Technological Universities (UT) such as UTFPR. The documentary evidence is composed of official documents and semi-structured interviews with managers involved both in the process of constitution of these organizations and nowadays. Data was treated using the Content Analysis technique. Firstly, this study showed that the organizations analyzed operated differently over the years. On its conception, UTFPR proposed an alternative model of university, however, after fourteen years there has been a departure from the characteristics of UAS, changingits university model. Distinctly, IPB remained faithful to the model devised in its creation, which to some extent also helped the institution to achieve national and international recognition, fulfilling its developmentalist mission.

The main objective of this research is to measure the longitudinal evaluation of Brazilian stricto sensu graduate programs from 1995 to 2017. A historical review about the development of Brazilian graduate programs is also included in the introduction section. The variables used were (i) distribution of graduate programs; (ii) distribution of professors and students throughout the regions of the country; (iii) provision of grants to programs; (iv) Capes' investments in scholarships in Brazil. The results show an increase of 241% in the number of graduate programs in the period from 1998 to 2017. It was also verified that from 1998 to 2017 Brazil granted 652.191 Master's degrees and 224.560 PhDs. The Southeastern region is the region holding the largest number of graduate programs. However, it was also the region that presented the lowest growth rate between 1998 and 2017. Although the results need to mature, the advances of graduate programs during the period under evaluation represent a great achievement of the nation in terms of science, culture and technology, allowing the pursuit of consolidation and stability.

Lonchophylla is a genus of currently 13 nectar-feeding bat species found throughout Central and South America, including Lonchophylla mordaxThomas, 1903, a species endemic to Brazil. Currently nationally categorized as 'Data Deficient', L. mordax has several knowledge gaps, including basic ones on its natural history. Here, we provide information on L. mordax's pattern of nocturnal activity, reproductive peak, sex and age ratios, its relationship with ectoparasites, as well as its distribution and taxonomy. Fieldwork was conducted in the Caatinga (seasonally dry tropical forest) in north-eastern Brazil between 2012 and 2015, during which we captured 110 L. mordax individuals. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in body mass or forearm length between males and females, with a sex ratio of 1:1. We obtained four adult individuals for every subadult captured. Lonchophylla mordax individuals were active throughout the entire sample night period but with a significant peak in activity in the first 30 min after sunset. The number of captures was strongly negatively correlated with minutes after sunset. Pregnant females were captured between July and February, and subadults were captured mainly in July and August, suggesting that the peak of births occurred at the end of the dry period and the beginning of the rainy period in the study area. Additionally, almost 70% of L. mordax individuals were parasitized by streblid flies, with no significant difference in parasite load observed across seasons, sexes, and ages. However, the individuals' body condition index was negatively correlated with the parasite load. Natural history research, such as that described here, helps to fill knowledge gaps on L. mordax, including providing data for the decision-making in conservation plans. Moreover, we add information for a species-rich genus with closely related, but poorly-studied, species globally listed as threatened or near-threatened. Lonchophylla es un género de 13 especies de murciélagos que se alimentan de néctar y se encuentran en toda América Central y del Sur, incluyendo Lonchophylla mordaxThomas, 1903, una especie endémica de Brasil. Actualmente categorizada a nivel nacional como 'Datos Insuficientes', L. mordax presenta varios vacíos de conocimiento, incluyendo información básica sobre su historia natural. Aquí, proporcionamos información sobre el patrón de actividad nocturna de L. mordax, su pico reproductivo, relaciones de género y edad, su relación con los ectoparásitos, así como su distribución y taxonomía. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en el bioma Caatinga (bosque tropical estacionalmente seco) en el noreste de Brasil entre 2012 y 2015, durante el cual capturamos 110 individuos de L. mordax. Nuestros resultados mostraron que no había una diferencia significativa en la masa corporal o la longitud del antebrazo entre machos y hembras, con una proporción de sexos de 1:1. Se obtuvo cuatro individuos adultos por cada subadulto capturado. Los individuos de L. mordax estuvieron activos durante todo el período de muestreo nocturno, pero con un pico significativo de actividad en los primeros 30 min después de la puesta del sol. El número de capturas se correlacionó negativamente de manera significativa con los minutos después del atardecer. Las hembras preñadas fueron capturadas entre julio y febrero, y los subadultos fueron capturados principalmente en julio y agosto, lo que sugiere que el pico de nacimientos ocurrió al final del período seco y al comienzo del período lluvioso en el área de estudio. Además, casi el 70% de los individuos de L. mordax estaban parasitados por moscas Streblidae, sin diferencia significativa en la carga parasitaria observada entre estaciones, sexos y edades. Sin embargo, el índice de condición corporal de los individuos se correlacionó negativamente con la carga parasitaria. La investigación de la historia natural, como la descrita aquí, ayuda a llenar los vacíos de conocimiento sobre L. mordax, lo que incluye proporcionar datos para la toma de decisiones en los planes de conservación. Además, agregamos información para un género rico en especies con especies estrechamente relacionadas, pero poco estudiadas, globalmente listadas como amenazadas o casi amenazadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work evaluates the legacy left by the 2014 FIFA World-Cup held in Brazil, demonstrating the differences between the proposed and actual costs, construction projects and investments. This documentary study used statistical data provided by the Brazilian Government and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). The results were analysed through descriptive statistics. From the results, the magnitude of benefits was not fulfilled due to the failure to carry out all the projects and actions judged necessary and justified by the mega-event, even so, it brought some development for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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