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The Campanha Gaúcha region has recently (2020) received an Indication of Provenance ('IP Campanha Gaúcha') for wines and sparkling wines. Scientific data and research developed during the last decades could provide the necessary information for this first characterization of the area. Nevertheless, there is a lack of detailed data about the composition of Campanha Gaúcha wines. In this study, five Campanha Gaúcha white wines of different grape varieties (Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay) produced in the 2018 vintage were collected directly from the winery and followed analyses of several volatile and phenolic compounds. The 2018 vintage was rated among the best of the 3 preceding decades for this region. The results, originated from this excellent vintage, demonstrate the qualitative potential of the region for the wines elaborated with the grape varieties covered by this study. They are important records for the construction and enlargement of databases for future research and can also provide further scientific basis for more detailed definition of intra-regional and inter-regional differences and similarities regarding the characteristics of Campanha Gaúcha wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canudo-de-pito honey (CPH) is produced by Apis mellifera bees using nectar from Escallonia plant species located in Santa Catarina's plateau mountain region, Brazil. Despite the international recognition of its quality and great potential for market appreciation, the composition and quality of CPH remain unexploited. They could potentially contribute to further research and advancements in honey authentication processes. In this preliminary study, we investigate the pollen profile, quality parameters, color, minerals, and phenolic compounds of CPH samples. The frequency of pollen from different plant species was observed in CPH, in which four were described as monofloral (> 45%), and five showed a significant contribution of canudo-de-pito pollen (> 30%). The dominant color was light amber, and the quality parameters agreed with the international standards except for electrical conductivity (0.88–1.33 mS/cm) due to high concentrations of minerals, mainly potassium (1913.75–3022.34 mg/kg) when compared to floral honey. The main compounds quantified were the phenolic acids (abscisic, salicylic, and syringic) (6.54–75.61 μg/g). These results provided helpful knowledge about CPH composition, demonstrating its quality and peculiar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cambuci (Campomanesia phaea Berg.) is a native fruit to the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil with several bioactive compounds, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, volatile compounds, tannins, and carotenoids and it is used mainly to produce jellies, ice cream, juices, and alcoholic beverages. This review and bibliometric analysis establish the progress, trends, and perspectives of research on this fruit. The results show an increase in publications is related to the emergence of this new research and demonstrate the potential growth of cambuci in different studies. Between 2003 and 2022, 153 articles and 22 reviews related to cambuci were published. The bibliometric analysis revealed that the main research area was Agricultural and Biological Sciences, and the main country producing research on the cambuci fruit was Brazil, with 118 articles published. Given that most publications are associated with Brazil, the foremost institutions dedicated to cambuci research are also Brazilian. The University of São Paulo spearheads the list of affiliations and comprises eight other Brazilian organizations, including seven universities and one research institution. The author's keywords revealed that phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, and osmotic dehydration are motor themes in cambuci research. Additionally, ellagic acid is a bioactive phenolic compound in tannins, and proanthocyanidins are compounds of great relevance in cambuci and have great benefit for human health with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and antidepressant activity. In conclusion, the review establishes that cambuci is an interesting source for its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ripening and growing location are important factors that can impact fruit quality characteristics. In this study, the influence of these factors on physicochemical characteristics, carbohydrates, aliphatic organic acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of red guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) was evaluated. Fruit ripening increased fructose and glucose (up to 22.83 and 16.42 g 100 g− 1 dry matter (DM), respectively), and decreased citric acid, the major organic acid (up to 135.35 mg g− 1 DM). Ripening and growing location also influenced the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of red guava, in which a dependency between both factors was observed in most cases. Apigenin, galangin, isoquercitrin, among other phenolic compounds were quantified for the first time in red guava, in which isoquercitrin was the major (up to 13409.81 mg kg− 1 DM). The antioxidant potential of red guava was also confirmed by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (up to 82.63 µmol Fe+ 2 g− 1 DM), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity assay (up to 17.79 mg gallic acid equivalent g− 1 DM), and DPPH free radical scavenging assay (up to 25.36 mg ascorbic acid equivalent g− 1 DM). These results especially demonstrated the bioactive potential of red guava and provided knowledge regarding the influence of ripening and growing location on chemical and bioactive components encouraging its industrial exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germination is a simple and cost-effective technology that enhances the technological, sensory, and nutritional potential of grains, making them more attractive for use in the food industry. Germinating indigenous seeds is an alternative to increase noticeability and add value to these grains, which hold social and economic significance in the regions where they are cultivated, such as creole purple pericarp corn (PPCC) from the Couto Magalhães de Minas region in Brazil. This study aimed to optimize the germination parameters of time (24–96 h) and temperature (18–32 °C) for PPCC to produce water-soluble extracts and bread. Endogenous enzymes resulting from the germination process significantly enhanced (p < 0.10) the technological (total reducing sugars, total soluble solids, and soluble proteins) and biological properties (γ-aminobutyric acid, total soluble phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity) of the water-soluble extracts. The optimum point for obtaining the extracts was found to be at 85.3 h at 30.46 °C (with desirability of 90.42%), and this was statistically validated. The incorporation of germinated PPCC flours into bread was also promising (p < 0.10) and had a positive impact on the dough property (dough volume increase) and the final product, especially in terms of instrumental texture (springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience), resulting in a softer texture (lower firmness and hardness). The addition of PPCC flours did not alter instrumental color parameters, which may lead to greater consumer acceptance due to imperceptible differences in color to untrained individuals, with the optimized point at 96 h at 29.34 °C, with a desirability of 92.60%. Therefore, germinated PPCC shows promise for use as a base for obtaining water-soluble extracts and in bread as a replacement for commercial flour improvers, while also adding value to a raw material that is part of the local culture and agrobiodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological and biological features of a lepidopterous leaf miner and its host plant, Erythroxylum tortuosum (Erythroxylaceae), were studied in a Brazilian Cerrado fragment. Foraging traits, the temporal emergence pattern of the leaf miners and the morphology and anatomy of the mines were described. The leaf miner was identified as an Agnippe (Chambers) (Gelechiidae) species; the mines were characterized as blotch mines because the larva moved forward and backward in all directions within the mines while feeding. The pupal stage remained in a darkened region of the leaf, under which a pair of semicircular openings were observed on the abaxial external leaf surface. The openings consisted of a resistant, thick layer of silk. A delicate network of silk spun by the larvae was also observed within the mines. On average, the area of mines and the percentage of mined area of leaves reached maximums of 83.174 mm2 and 2.750%, respectively. The caterpillars consumed the palisade parenchyma and some small veins. Cells with phenolic compounds near mine cavities were also observed. The mined and unmined leaves had a single-layered epidermis, with mucilaginous cells on the adaxial surface, and papillary cells and stomata on the abaxial surface. Finally, the temporal emergence of the leaf miner and its parasitoids (and their identification) are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera). It is used for its biological properties. This natural product is available as a safe therapeutic option. Herein, we report the antiviral effects of brown propolis extract from Mexico and green and red propolis extracts from Brazil, as well as their phenolic compounds (quercetin, caffeic acid, and rutin) in preventing infection of MRC-5 cells by HCoV-229E. Normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds. All samples studied showed antiviral activity. Green and brown propolis extracts, and quercetin exhibited the best EC50 values with values of 19.080, 11.240, and 77.208 µg/mL against HCoV-229E, respectively, and with TC50 of 62.19, 29.192, and 298 µg/mL on MRC-5 cells, respectively. These results are the first in vitro study of the effects of propolis on HCoV-229E and provide the basis for the development of natural formulations against other coronavirus strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new species Microlicia arenaria, M. dentisepala, and M. membranacea are described from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Microlicia arenaria is a cespitose subshrub with xylopodium, fastigiate branches, forming clumps, sessile leaves, linear lamina, and hypanthium and sepals covered with golden spherical glands. In addition, it has dimorphic and bicolored stamens with tetrasporangiate anthers. Microlicia dentisepala has a subshrub or shrub habit, is erect and much branched, and its leaves are small, varnished in appearance, with both surfaces covered with spherical glands. The sepals are triangular to narrowly lanceolate and shorter than the length of the hypanthium, with a tooth aspect. Microlicia membranacea is a subshrub with petiolate leaves, lamina of membranous consistency and suprabasal venation, with prominent secondary veins. The branch, leaf, hypanthium, and sepals are covered with glandular trichomes, and the cylindrical hypanthium is slightly contracted at the apex. Microlicia arenaria and M. dentisepala exhibit some anatomical features common to Microlicia, such as amphistomatic leaves, short-stalked glandular trichomes in depressions on the leaf surface, compact mesophyll, phenolic compounds in the subepidermal layer, idioblasts with druses in the mesophyll, and collateral vascular bundles. Microlicia membranacea stands out by its hypostomatic leaves and a thin mesophyll formed by only three to four cell layers, conditions possibly related to a shaded environment. Following the criteria of the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), we preliminarily assess the conservation status of the species Microlicia arenaria as Endangered (EN), Microlicia dentisepala as Critically Endangered (CR), and Microlicia membranacea as Data Deficient (DD). We provide descriptions of the new species, along with field images, detailed illustrations, and comparisons with related species. Data on geographic distribution and habitat are also presented. As novas espécies Microlicia arenaria, M. dentisepala e M. membranacea são descritas para o Planalto de Diamantina, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Microlicia arenaria é um subarbusto cespitoso com xilopódio, ramos fastigiados, formando touceiras, folha séssil, lâmina linear, ramo, hipanto e sépalas cobertos por glândulas esféricas douradas. Também apresenta estames dimórficos e bicolores com anteras tetrasporangiadas. Microlicia dentisepala apresenta hábito subarbustivo ou arbustivo, ereto e muito ramificado e suas folhas são pequenas, de aparência envernizada, com as duas faces cobertas por glândulas esféricas. As sépalas são triangulares a estreitamente lanceoladas e mais curtas que o comprimento do hipanto, semelhantes a pequenos dentes. Já Microlicia membranacea é um subarbusto com folhas pecioladas, lâmina de consistência membranácea e venação suprabasal, com as nervuras secundárias proeminentes. O ramo, folha, hipanto e sépalas são recobertos com tricomas glandulares e o hipanto cilíndrico é levemente contraído no ápice. Microlicia arenaria e M. dentisepala exibem algumas características anatômicas comuns em Microlicia, como folhas anfiestomâticas, tricomas glandulares de pedúnculo curto em depressões na superfície foliar, mesofilo compacto, células contendo compostos fenólicos na camada subepidérmica, idioblastos com drusas no mesofilo e feixes vasculares colaterais. Por outro lado, M. membranacea difere pelas folhas hipoestomáticas e um mesofilo fino, formado por apenas três a quatro camadas de células, condições possivelmente relacionadas ao ambiente sombreado. Seguindo os critérios da Lista Vermelha da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (IUCN), avaliamos preliminarmente o estado de conservação das espécies Microlicia arenaria como Em Perigo (EN), Microlicia dentisepala como Criticamente em Perigo (CR) e Microlicia membranacea como Dados Insuficientes (DD). Fornecemos descrições das novas espécies, juntamente com imagens de campo, ilustrações detalhadas e comparações com espécies relacionadas. Também são apresentados dados sobre a distribuição geográfica e habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maclura is a plant genus little known and used, species of which have been mainly used in the recovery of soils, for medicinal purposes such as dental infection treatments, and as wood for making furniture and construction. The overexploitation of this genus has placed certain species in endangered extinction status in some countries, such as Brazil. In addition, the scarce research and information limit the development, cultivation, and management of its species regarding their biochemical composition, which includes bioactive compounds such as the phenolic and flavonoid compounds found in some species such as M. pomifera, M. cochinchinensis, and M. tinctoria. The plants' antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities have been attributed to these compounds. Other biochemical components such as ashes, insoluble lignin, holocellulose, and the high content of lipids and carbohydrates have been identified to be used to produce biofuels, with characteristics very similar to fuels derived from petroleum. This review aims to analyze the current knowledge on the plant genus Maclura, exploring its biochemical compounds and potential applications, including as a food additive, antioxidant supplement, in agriculture, for therapeutic purposes, aquaculture, and the cosmetic and industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g−1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g−1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g−1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, and its treatment is highly toxic, leading to treatment discontinuation and the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we assessed the leishmanicidal activity and chemical composition of red propolis collected from the Amazon-dominated region of northern Tocantins State, Brazil. The MTT assay was employed to determine the samples' activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and their cytotoxicity against RAW macrophages. Spectrophotometric assays were utilised to measure the concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids, while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the chemical composition. An in silico study was conducted to evaluate which compounds from Brazilian Amazon red propolis may correlate with this biological activity. Brazilian Amazon red propolis exhibited a high concentration of phenolic compounds and an inhibitory activity against L. amazonensis, with an IC50 ranging from 23.37 to 36.10 µg/mL. Moreover, fractionation of the propolis yielded a fraction with enhanced bioactivity (16.11 µg/mL). Interestingly, neither the propolis nor its most active fraction showed cytotoxicity towards macrophages at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. The red colour and the presence of isoflavonoid components (isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans) confirm that the substance is Brazilian red propolis. However, the absence of polyprenylated benzophenones suggests that this is a new variety of Brazilian red propolis. The in silico study performed with two of the main leishmanicidal drug targets using all compounds identified in Amazon red propolis reported that liquiritigenin was the compound that exhibited the best electronic interaction parameters, which was confirmed in an assay with promastigotes using a standard. The findings indicate that Amazon red propolis possesses leishmanicidal activity, low toxicity, and significant biotechnological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prospects of commercialization in the market for exotic fruits are increasingly promising in Brazil. Pitaya, for instance, is a fruit that can be consumed either fresh or processed. During the processing of its pulp, there is generation of residues, mainly from the peel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the convective drying of pitaya peel and the extraction of bioactive compounds by cold maceration and ultrasound-assisted methods, as well as the microencapsulation (ME) process. The peels were cut and dried in an air circulation oven at 60 °C. Some empirical mathematical models were used to describe the drying process (Henderson & Pabis, Page, Peleg, Silva et al., Wang & Singh). The powders obtained from drying were subjected to ultrasound-assisted and cold maceration (4 °C) extractions and ME. Fresh peels (FR), extract obtained by ultrasound (US), extract obtained by cold maceration (CM) and microencapsulated extract (ME) were characterized for the Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCRC), antioxidant capacity and phenolic compound profile by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). According to the results, the Peleg model showed the best description for the convective drying of pitaya peel at 60 °C. ME extract showed the highest values for antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FCRC. US and CM extracts showed significant results at 5% probability level for antioxidant capacity by ABTS and FRAP, respectively. The main group of phenolic compounds quantified was flavonols, among which quercetin 3-glucoside had the highest concentration (70.25–361.45 g 100 g−1), and high levels were quantified for the betalains betanin and isobetanin, between 167.23 and 326.43 g 100 g−1. The ME sample had the highest content of total phenolics quantified (TPQ) (1017.18 g 100 g−1), highlighting its technological potential for food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to extract, identify, and quantify the phenolic compounds in grumixama (Eugenia brasilienses Lam.) and guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens), native fruits from southern region of Brazil, and to explore their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenolic compounds were extracted with acidified water and acidified methanol and evaluated for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory properties. Spectrophotometric quantification shows tannins to be the most prevalent at 2.3 to 5.8 g/100g fresh fruit with acidified methanol containing higher concentrations of different phenolics than acidified water. HPLC analysis indicates that gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, and ellagic acid are the most prevalent phenolics in the two fruits extracts. Scavenging of DPPH and NO radicals showed inhibition by as much as 95% and 80%, respectively, at 2.5 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL of the extract. At 50 μg GAE/mL, the release of pro-inflammatory molecules NO and IL-6 was significantly reduced with acidified methanol extract having higher inhibitory activity. Our results revealed that these native fruits, grown in the south of Brazil, are rich sources of phenolic compounds and have great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varronia curassavica Jacq. is a medicinal plant found in Brazil used as anti-inflammatory. Here, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity of 70 % ethanol extract of V. curassavica leaves on synthetic radicals (ABTS•±/DPPH•) and reactive oxygen species (O2•-, ROO•, HOCl/OCl-, H2O2), besides its in vitro cytotoxicity. The extract was characterized by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MSE and the annotated compounds were one hydroxybenzoic acid, five phenylpropanoids, and three glycosylated quercetin derivatives, being the main compound rosmarinic acid or its isomer. The antioxidant activity was very promising in all tests, highlighting on the capture of O2•-, which EC50 value was three times lower than Trolox. This activity may be due to the presence of the major compounds, all phenolic compounds. The extract also presented low cytotoxicity. Thus, the extract from V. curassavica leaves has great potential as an antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many blackberry cultivars in Brazil; however, the characteristics and applications of the Cherokee cultivar have not yet been widely studied. For this reason, this research investigated the behaviour of maltodextrin (MD), gum Arabic (GA), and pectin (PEC), as carriers combined in different proportions (20% MD, 15% MD + 5% GA, 15% MD + 5% PEC), on encapsulation of Cherokee blackberry pulp extract obtained by freeze-drying. The results of moisture content (2.73-3.36%), water activity (aw) (0.11–0.15), solubility (52.40–54.11%), hygroscopicity (17.59–21.11%), colour (hue 0.24–0.32), retention of anthocyanins (51.55–60.53%), total phenolic compounds (39.72–70.73 mg GAE/100g), antioxidant activity at 25 mg/mL (77.89–80.02%), IC50 (12.26–14.53), simulated in vitro digestion and morphology were discussed. Concerning morphology, blackberry powders had irregular structures and amorphous structures. Comparatively, the best results were obtained for MD-GA. MD-GA presented the highest content of phenolic compounds (70.73 ± 1.84 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant activity (80.02%), as well as the lowest IC50 value (12.26). In general, all powders showed an increase in phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion, because of the pH conditions and digestive enzymes present in the simulated digestive fluid. This result shows that the wall material provides protection, since the blackberry rich extract (RE) showed degradation of phenolic compounds in in vitro digestion. In this sense, freeze-drying is a suitable technique for the encapsulation of Cherokee blackberry pulp extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds are natural substances that are produced through the secondary metabolism of plants, fungi, and bacteria, in addition to being produced by chemical synthesis. These compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, among others. In this way, Brazil represents one of the most promising countries regarding phenolic compounds since it has a heterogeneous flora, with the presence of six distinct biomes (Cerrado, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pantanal, and Pampa). Recently, several studies have pointed to an era of antimicrobial resistance due to the unrestricted and large-scale use of antibiotics, which led to the emergence of some survival mechanisms of bacteria to these compounds. Therefore, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial action can help combat these resistant pathogens and represent a natural alternative that may be useful in animal nutrition for direct application in food and can be used in human nutrition to promote health. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) evaluate the phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties isolated from plants present in Brazil, (ii) discuss the compounds across different classes (flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, phenolic acids, and others), and (iii) address the structure–activity relationship of phenolic compounds that lead to antimicrobial action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian olive oil production has been growing in recent decades and largest plantations are on two different zones, from Serra da Mantiqueira (states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo) and Campanha Gaúcha (state of Rio Grande do Sul). The total planted area, in 2022, reached approximately 6500 hectares. The aim of the present study was to characterize the sensory and analytical parameters of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) from Southwestern (Serra da Mantiqueira) and Southern (Campanha Gaúcha) Brazil regions. Twenty‐two EVOO samples were obtained from different cultivars of unlike regions. Quality parameters, oxidative stability, phenolic compounds ortho‐diphenols and fatty acids were analyzed and relationships with olive variety or region. From the chemical perspective, the EVOO exhibited all parameters within the necessary to be qualified as extra virgin, according to international standard definitions. All samples showed a good quality of sensory perceptions and a high level of polyphenols, which are varied among samples but was more intense in Campanha Gaúcha olive oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study characterized "canudo de pito" honeys by melissopalynological analysis, physicochemical characteristics, sugars, minerals, aliphatic organic acids (AOA), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated the presence of five plant families, especially from Escalloniaceae (Escallonia sp.) with a contribution of 31.0–47.7%. The honeys were in accordance with international physicochemical standards, except for electrical conductivity, suggesting a relationship with the high levels of minerals, mainly potassium. Also, this floral honey can be characterized as water-white honey and has low sucrose content. Among the AOA investigated, gluconic acid was the major (up to 1.06 g 100 g−1), while benzoic, ferulic, and syringic acids (up to 140, 122, and 319 µg 100 g−1, respectively) were the major phenolic compounds. This study is the first report on the composition of this exotic Brazilian honey and demonstrated its high quality and potential for national and international marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauhinia ungulata L. (Leguminosae) is a plant species popularly known as "mororó" or "pata-de-vaca", whose leaves are used in Brazil as infusion, mainly to treat diabetes. Due to its wide utilization and its therapeutic potential, this species has been investigated, producing data that were organized and arranged in this review, in order to provide an overview of different aspects of the species. A search for articles published until December 2021 on medicinal utilization, botanical characterization, bioactivities, and chemical constitution of the species was carried out, consulting the databases PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Capes Journal Portal. The selected articles describe 31 different terpenes, characterized in essential oils from B. ungulata leaves; in addition, other 20 substances, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids, in other derivatives obtained from leaves, roots, or stems of the species were described. In these articles, different activities were reported, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant/anxiolytic, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, larvicidal, cytotoxic and wound healing. The published data on the species allow to infer a potential of use as a therapeutic ingredient with antioxidant activity, which is the most investigated activity and has been related to phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. Despite the popular use of leaves of the species, as an infusion to treat diabetes, to be well described in the literature, no records were found on the evaluation of their antidiabetic potential or about the characterization of substances present in aqueous extracts from B. ungulata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peel of jabuticaba, a small fruit native to Brazil, has been shown to be a potential source of antioxidants and soluble dietary fibers. In this study, flours prepared from these peels were evaluated as a source of pectin. Different extraction methods were employed: ultrasound (US) extraction followed by low temperature heating (40 °C); in a microwave (MW) without (method 1) or with cellulase (method 2) or hemicellulase (method 3); or in a water bath (method 4). Pectin yields ranged from approximately 18% for methods 1 and 4 up to 22% for enzyme-assisted extractions (methods 2 and 3). Methods that did not employ enzymes resulted in low amounts of methoxyl pectins, as opposed to high amounts of methoxyl pectins obtained after enzyme treatment. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and ellagic acid were the main phenolic compounds found in jabuticaba peel pectins, with higher C3G levels obtained with enzyme-free extraction (methods 1 and 4). All pectins from jabuticaba peel presented a reddish tone, good emulsifying properties and high swelling capacity. The pectin extracted using US+MW+cellulase (method 2) presented better emulsifying performance (higher values of emulsifying activity and emulsion stability), more effective than commercially available citrus pectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review seeks to associate the bioactive profile, forms of extraction, and possible applications of the compounds present in non-endemic species of Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae) found in Brazil. This genus is well-known for its isoquinoline alkaloids with variable biological activities and chemical structures. In this work, a bibliometric analysis was carried out with a literature review in the SCOPUS database to highlight and correlate research on the selected Crinum species: C. ornatum (Aiton) Herb., C. americanum L., C. x powellii hort. ex Baker, C. jagus (J.Thomps) Dandy., C. erubescens L.f. ex Aiton. To date, only 43 studies have been published on these species. These works reveal that these plants are rich mainly in alkaloids and other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, alcohols, fatty acids, etc. The alkaloids present in these plants are mainly responsible for their biological properties with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-diabetic potential, and as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In addition, different solvents, extraction, and separation methods have been reported to obtain these biomolecules. The bioactives found in these plants can supply the search for compounds for applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, being, therefore, potential sources to be used in the promotion of human health. Thus, this review contributes to the valorization of these species and instigates new research in multidisciplinary areas. [Display omitted] • This review examined the research progress, trends, and updates about 5 Crinum species. • Last 52 years, 43 articles were published on the properties of these species. • Literature focused mainly on the pharmacological activity of alkaloids. • Data on other compounds need to be further developed. • These species have an excellent technological potential to be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Important factors may influence the bioactive compounds in grapes, including scion–rootstock interaction. Therefore, the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in grape skin and pulp fractions of 'Isabel Precoce', 'BRS Carmem', 'BRS Cora', 'BRS Violeta' and 'IAC 138–22 Máximo' were assessed. These cultivars, from genetic improvement programs in Brazil, have good adaptation to subtropical and tropical climate conditions, and can be widely used by winegrowers aiming at adding value to the grape. All grapevines were grafted onto 'IAC 766' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks under tropical conditions in Brazil. The highest concentration of bioactive compounds was found in skins of 'BRS Violeta', followed by 'IAC 138–22 Máximo', both grafted onto 'IAC 766'. There was a strong correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant properties, since antioxidant activity also decreased in the sequence: 'BRS Violeta' > 'IAC 138–22 Máximo' > 'BRS Cora' > 'BRS Carmem' > 'Isabel Precoce'. Skin from hybrid grapes ('BRS Violeta', 'IAC 138–22 Máximo', 'BRS Cora' and 'BRS Carmem') grafted in both rootstocks contains higher levels of (poly)phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity than 'Isabel Precoce' (V. labrusca). Skin from 'BRS Violeta' grafted onto 'IAC 766' stand out from the others due to their high content of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jambolan is a fruit with a sweet taste, slightly bitter and astringent, with a purple color. Acerola is a popular fruit in Brazil, rich in vitamin C. Both stand out for the high content of antioxidant compounds, whose importance has generated growing interest. In view of this, the present work was carried out with the objective of elaborating formulations with the mixed pulp of jambolan and acerola, incorporating foam promoting additives for drying by the foam-mat drying method and evaluating them for the beat time, density, volumetric expansion (overrun) and foam stability according to the beat time and physicochemical characteristics. Three formulations were made with the mixed pulp, all containing 1% albumin combined with 0.5% xanthan gum, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.5% guar gum. The formulations were analyzed for stability, density, volumetric expansion, beating time, between 5 and 30 minutes, layer thickness, water content and volume drained at temperatures of 50 to 80 ºC. All the elaborated foams were suitable for drying by the foam-mat process; the best results of density, beating time, overrun, stability (volume drained), drying time and yield were obtained with the albumin/guar gum combination, followed by albumin/CMC; the incorporation of additives and the foaming mixture changed the composition of the formulations in relation to the mixed pulp (control), increasing the TSS/TTA ratio, the protein content and reducing the levels of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and carotenoids, yield, shorter drying time, water content in dry base and wet base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Rio Grande do Sul, the main rice producer State in Brazil, low temperatures can occur during germination and seedling establishment, and in some cases, during the reproductive stage. When low temperatures occur in the early developmental stages cause delay in germination, resulting in a nonhomogeneous growing. In reproductive stage, low temperatures cause spikelet sterility, directly interfering with plant yield. Researchers have shown that some phenolic compounds such as proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin are associated with low temperature tolerance in plants due to their antioxidant capacity. The red and black color in the seeds of some rice genotypes is conferred by the phenolic compounds proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin, respectively. Therefore, tis study aimed to verify whether rice genotypes with red or black seeds are more tolerant to low temperatures during germination. In this study, five rice genotypes were tested, two present seeds without pigmentation and with contrasting response to low temperature tolerance (BRS Bojuru - tolerant and BRS Pampeira - sensitive), two genotypes with red seeds (BRS 902, SCS 119 Rubi) and one black seed genotype (SCS 120 Ônix). As expected, the genotypes with pigmented seeds had a greater total phenolic compounds content. However, under low temperature conditions, the genotypes with pigmented seed showed a similar response to the sensitive genotype. Therefore, the presence of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanin in the seed of the studied genotypes does not provide tolerance to low temperatures during germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants have been employed as an alternative method to treat diabetes. One is Cissus sicyoides , a plant from the Amazon region (Northern Brazil), which is morphologically similar to Wedelia paludosa , a plant easily found in Southern Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential toxicity of C. sicyoides and W. paludosa 's leaves water extracts. Through phytochemical screening, phenolic compounds and alkaloids were observed in both species and coumarins only W. paludosa 's aqueous extract. Phenolic compounds were quantified in both extracts and C. sicyoides presented 1.36 ± 0.04 mg/pyrogalic acid equivalent (PAE), whereas W. paludosa presented 3.27 ± 0.07 mg/PAE. Total antioxidant power was measured by the ferric reduction assay. Cissus sicyoides exhibited total antioxidant activity of 748.0 ± 104.5 μM and W. paludosa , 1971.5 ± 141.0 μM. Cissus sicyoides showed an inhibition rate for the alpha-glucosidases enzyme assay of 55.2 ± 1.7% and W. paludosa , 85.8 ± 9.7%. The formation of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by the DCFH-DA method, its formation being higher in W. paludosa 's water extracts than in C. sicyoides. Cell viability was evaluated by the Sulforhodamine B and MTT assays. Wedelia paludosa 's extracts' exposure presented a cell viability close to positive control starting from 2 mg/mL to 30 mg/mL, whereas C. sicyoides demonstrated statistical significant low viability at the highest concentration when compared with the negative control. Moreover, cell death mechanism was investigated, having W. paludosa 's extract indicated death by necrosis. The results suggest low toxicity for C. sicyoides ' extract and high toxicity for W. paludosa 's extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeys can be classified as polyfloral or monofloral and have been extensively studied due to an increased interest in their consumption. There is concern with the correct identification of their flowering, the use of analyses that guarantee their physicochemical quality and the quantification of some compounds such as phenolics, to determine their antioxidant and antimicrobial action. This study aims at botanical identification, physicochemical analyses, and the determination of total polyphenols, chromatographic profile and antiradical and antimicrobial activity of honey from different regions of Minas Gerais. Seven different samples were analyzed for the presence of pollen, and color determination. The physicochemical analyses performed were total acidity, moisture, HMF, reducing sugar, and apparent sucrose. The compound profile was determined by UHPLC/MS, the determination of total phenolics and antiradical activity (DPPH method) were performed by spectrophotometry, and minimum inhibitory and bacterial concentrations were determined for cariogenic bacteria. All honey samples met the quality standards required by international legislation, twenty compounds were detected as the main ones, the polyfloral honey was the only honey that inhibited all of the bacteria tested. Sample M6 (Coffee) was the one with the highest amount of total polyphenols, while the lowest was M4 (Cipó-uva). Regarding the antioxidant activity, M5 (Velame) had the best result and M4 (Cipó-uva) was the one that least inhibited oxidation. Of the polyfloral honeys, there was not as high a concentration of phenolic compounds as in the others. Coffee, Aroeira, Velame and Polyfloral have the best anti-radical actions. Betônica, Aroeira, Cipó-uva and Pequi inhibited only some bacteria. The best bacterial inhibition results are from Polyfloral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of Pernambuco, in the northeast Brazil, is one the biggest bee honey producers in the country, especially in semiarid microregions called "Sertão", or hinterlands. Its unique biome characterized by xerophyte Caatinga vegetation presents a unique flora with many medicinal properties. One of these microregions, Sertão do Pajeú, has stood out for its growing honey production. The present work reported for the first time a characterization of this honey and evaluated its potential for the production of alternative nutraceutical products. Samples from Sertão do Pajeú and two other regions of the State were collected and subjected to analyses as recommended by the Brazilian legislation. As the most striking characteristics, honeys from this microregion showed darker colour, higher content of phenolic compounds and elevated antioxidant activity than that from other locations. The high content of 5-HMF, together with high diastase activity, indicated that it is an intrinsic property of this honey. And finally, fermented worts containing the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii were supplemented with honey and sucrose as reference. The results showed that samples stocked in the presence of honey presented high level of cell longevity over 60 days of storage under refrigeration. In addition, those cells became very tolerant to the simulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this honey greatly increased the probiotic potential of the yeast. This shows the nutraceutical potential of honey from Sertão do Pajeú. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging process is used to increase the value of cachaça and other beverages. During its contact with wood, reactions occur that are responsible for the extraction and formation of new compounds that give a different color and aroma to the beverage. Oak is the most widely used wood for aging; however, this is not a native wood in Brazil, and it is expensive. Oak barrels can go through a charring process during their production that facilitates the extraction of compounds by the beverage. The objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical profile, quantify the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and determine the phenolic composition of cachaça aged in oak barrels with different levels of charring (no charring, weak, medium, and intense charring). Four barrels were purchased from a cooperage, and samples of cachaça were stored for a period of 1 year. The physicochemical profile of the beverage was within the legal limits with the exception of the cask 3: medium charring (RY3), a sample for which the concentration of aldehydes was above the legal limit (30.41 mg 100 mL−1 a.a.). The highest concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found in samples stored in barrels with medium and strong charring so the formation of these compounds is associated with the heat treatments. The concentration of phenolics in the beverage stored in barrels that suffered intense charring was not greater than that observed for cachaça stored in barrels that suffered medium charring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large quantities of mango peel and seed are generated worldwide, representing up to 60% of the total weight of the fruit. However, despite being undervalued, these by-products have a high nutritional and bioactive potential of interest for multiple applications. This paper evaluated for the first time the trend on research approaches for the use of mango peel and seed. For this purpose, a mixed methodology based on a literature review and bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer was used. Most of the studies on this topic are carried out by researchers from institutions in India, Mexico and Brazil, due to the high level of mango production in these countries. In addition, due to the importance of the subject, these studies are published in journals with high impact. According to the keyword co-occurrence analysis, the studies focus on the bioactive compounds of mango peel and seed, mainly phenolic compounds and carotenoids, in addition to their antioxidant activity, suitable for combating various diseases. Taking advantage of these properties, it was determined that these by-products (as powder or extract) are generally used as an ingredient in the elaboration of functional foods, showing promising results. Finally, this review also detailed some current challenges and future trends in the topic, which are of crucial importance to give the deserved valorization to mango peel and seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effect of rootstocks G.213, M.9 and Marubakaido with M.9 interstem of 30 and 20 cm (MB/M.9-30cm and MB/M.9-20cm) on postharvest quality, mineral composition and functional properties of 'Maxi Gala' apples. The evaluations were performed using fruits from a commercial orchard in Vacaria, RS, Brazil. Fruits were stored for 135 and 147 days in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons, respectively, and analyzed one day after harvest and after cold storage (1.0±0.2 °C) followed by seven days in ambient condition. The mineral composition of fruits showed small and inconsistent differences between rootstocks. The MB/M.9-20cm provided higher total antioxidant activity and levels of total phenolic compounds in fruit peel than MB/M.9-30cm. For 2014/2015 season, soluble solids content at harvest was higher in fruits from trees with G.213 rootstock, not differing only from MB/M.9-30cm. In the 2015/2016 season, G.213 and M.9 provided higher soluble solids content after storage than MB/M.9-30 cm and MB/M.9-20cm. G.213 rootstock anticipated fruit maturity compared to M.9 in 2014/2015 season. At harvest and after cold storage, other quality attributes of 'Maxi Gala' apples were similar between rootstocks G.213, M.9 and Maruba with M.9 interstem of 30 and 20cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernonanthura polyanthes, popularly known as 'assa-peixe', is widely used in Brazil for therapeutic purpose mainly to treat respiratory tract problems. However, few studies investigated its chemical safety. In this way, we first obtained the V. polyanthes leaf aqueous extract (VpLAE) and three fractions (aqueous; n-butanol, n-BF; and ethyl acetate), and we chemically characterized this material. Then, the cytogenotoxic potential of the VpLAE and its fractions was investigated against human erythrocytes and lymphocytes using Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability and CometChip. The phytochemical screening of V. polyanthes leaf revealed the presence of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenic compounds, and cardioactive heterosides. n-BF presented the highest total phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins contents and, consequently, the highest antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Although the VpLAE and its fractions did not cause death of erythrocytes, the cells acquired an echinocytic form. Regarding lymphocytes, VpLAE and its fractions presented cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. When VpLAE or its fractions were co-treated with doxorubicin (DXR), a recognized cytotoxic drug, we observed an enhancement of DXR cytotoxicity against lymphocytes, but the DXR genotoxicity decreased around 15%. Since the VpLAE and its fractions increased the DXR cytotoxicity and decreased its genotoxicity, further studies should be conducted for the development of an adjuvant drug from this extract to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. Moreover, the indiscriminate use of 'assa-peixe' by local people should be discouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado that has shown important characteristics such as a significant phenolic compound content and biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity in taperebá peel extract, as well as microencapsulating the extract with chitosan and evaluating the stability of the microparticles. The evaluation of the profile of phenolic compounds was carried out by UPLC-MS/MS. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The microparticles were obtained by spray drying and were submitted to a stability study under different temperatures. In general, the results showed a significant content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results of UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated a significant content of polyphenols in taperebá peel, highlighting the high content of ellagic acid and quercetin compounds. There was significant retention of phenolic compounds when microencapsulated, demonstrating high retention at all evaluated temperatures. This study is the first to microencapsulate the extract of taperebá peel, in addition to identifying and quantifying some compounds in this fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has a great variety of fruits which are rich in bioactive compounds, such as the genipap fruit. Both the peel and the pulp of genipap have beneficial components for health, making the study of this fruit important for the proper use of its functionalities. The objective of this work was the extraction of bioactive compounds from the peel and pulp of genipap by different techniques. Extraction processes were carried out using different devices (orbital incubator shaker, ultrasonic bath, and ultrasonic probe) and at different temperatures (40, 60, 70, 80 and 90°C). The best process for extracting phenolic compounds from the pulp of genipap fruit was with the ultrasonic probe at 40°C, which indicated the efficiency of applying the sound waves directly to the sample. Regarding the peel, the best method for extracting phenolic compounds was using the orbital incubator shaker at 80°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the Jatropha genus (Euphorbiaceae) are used indiscriminately in traditional medicine to treat accidents involving venomous animals. Jatropha mutabilis Baill., popularly known as "pinhão-de-seda," is found in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. It is widely used as a vermifuge, depurative, laxative, and antivenom. Obtaining the phytochemical profile of the latex of Jatropha mutabilis (JmLa) and evaluate its acute oral toxicity and inhibitory effects against the venom of the scorpion Tityus stigmurus (TstiV). The latex of J. mutabilis (JmLa) was obtained through in situ incisions in the stem and characterized using HPLC-ESI-QToF-MS. Acute oral toxicity was investigated in mice. The protein profile of T. stigmurus venom was obtained by electrophoresis. The ability of latex to interact with venom components (TstiV) was assessed using SDS-PAGE, UV–Vis scanning spectrum, and the neutralization of fibrinogenolytic and hyaluronidase activities. Additionally, the latex was evaluated in vivo for its ability to inhibit local edematogenic and nociceptive effects induced by the venom. The phytochemical profile of the latex revealed the presence of 75 compounds, including cyclic peptides, glycosides, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, coumarins, and terpenoids, among others. No signs of acute toxicity were observed at a dose of 2000 mg/kg (p.o.). The latex interacted with the protein profile of TstiV, inhibiting the venom's fibrinogenolytic and hyaluronidase activities by 100%. Additionally, the latex was able to mitigate local envenomation effects, reducing nociception by up to 56.5% and edema by up to 50% compared to the negative control group. The latex of Jatropha mutabilis exhibits a diverse phytochemical composition, containing numerous classes of metabolites. It does not present acute toxic effects in mice and has the ability to inhibit the enzymatic effects of Tityus stigmurus venom in vitro. Additionally, it reduces nociception and edema in vivo. These findings corroborate popular reports regarding the antivenom activity of this plant and indicate that the latex has potential for treating scorpionism. [Display omitted] • J. mutabilis is a medicinal plant of the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. • The latex of J. mutabilis contains cyclic peptides and megastigmane glycosides. • The latex of J. mutabilis does not show acute toxicity in mice. • The latex of J. mutabilis inhibited venom hyaluronidase and fibrinogenolytic activities. • The latex of J. mutabilis reduced the edema and nociception induced by T. stigmurus venom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil's abundant biodiversity and favorable climate make it a world leader in the use of biomass for energy and biomaterials. Green coconut, a highly produced commodity on Brazil's coast, holds immense potential for bio-product generation from agro-industrial residues. Thermochemical conversion processes like pyrolysis offer an eco-friendly means to harness this biomass. In this study, coconut waste was deposited in soil, left exposed to environmental factors for 120 days, and periodically subjected to pyrolysis. Raw coconut fibers and fibers from the deposited biomass underwent pyrolysis to produce bio-oil. The phenolic compounds in the bio-oils were quantified through external calibration, with the analysis conducted by GC/qTOFMS. This is the first study to demonstrate that bio-oils derived from deposition biomass, simulating landfills, exhibit increased concentrations of phenolic compounds compared to the natural state. This highlights innovation in bio-oil production and its environmental significance by transforming discarded waste into valuable resources, suggesting their utility in polymer, pharmaceutical industries, or energy production. • Influence of the time of storage of the biomass in the bio-oil quality. • Pyrolysis of coconut fibers as a source of phenols for the chemical industry. • Biomass deposits increased phenolic content in bio-oil. • Bio-oil presents itself as a potential product with high added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnobotanical studies report that human populations from the Brazilian Caatinga biome use tree legumes (Fabaceae) with medicinal and food purposes. Our study provides a systematic review of the available published information concerning the antioxidant potential of Hymenaea courbaril L. (jatobá), Libidibia ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz (jucá), and Dioclea grandiflora Mart. Ex Benth. (mucunã). Furthermore, in this paper, we infer the possible effects of local processing techniques applied to these plants on their antioxidant potential. In order to achieve these goals, we reviewed 52 articles, including studies from ethnobiology (n = 17), chemistry (n = 32), and food studies testing antioxidant activity (n = 17), excluding 14 repetitions. We found that these legume species can inhibit the formation of free radicals and this potential action varies among different parts of the plant. Probably, the presence of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are not uniformly distributed in the plants, explain their antioxidant activity. Local processing techniques (i.e., roasting, milling) affect the bioaccessibility of antioxidant components of tree legumes, inducing both positive and negative effects. However, studies about the antioxidant potential did not consider local processing techniques in their analyses. Our study highlights that culture is a fundamental driver of nutritional and pharmacological outcomes related to edible resources since it determines which parts of the plant people consume and how they prepare them. Hence, ignoring cultural variables in the analysis of antioxidant activity will produce inaccurate or wrong scientific conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable oils are subjected to heat treatments during processing and changes during storage. Thus, it is required, for usage as a food source, the evaluation of their thermo-oxidative stability and physicochemical characteristics. In this context, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the oil of catole coconut (Syagrus cearensis), aiming to characterize its identity and quality, as well as its antioxidant capacity and thermo-oxidative stability. The catole coconut was collected in the city of Lagoa Seca-PB, Brazil, its almonds were dried in a stove and the catole oil was obtained by cold pressing. The results of the physicochemical parameters complied with the current legislation, with average values ​​of 2.48 mg KOH g−1 oil for acid value, 0.14 meq peroxide kg−1 oil for peroxide value and 253 mg KOH g−1 oil for saponification value. Catole oil presented the profile of saturated fatty acids (84.42%), with the predominance of lauric acid (45.06%), besides major phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid [12.324 mg (100 g−1) of oil] and myricetin [1.405 mg (100 g−1) of oil]. The thermogravimetric profile remained stable to decomposition at temperatures up to around 240 °C and oxidative stability withstood at 110 °C for more than 48 h. Therefore, it was possible to identify and characterize this unexplored oilseed species of the Brazilian semiarid, diversifying its use in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "cereja-do-Rio-Grande", is a native tree from Brazil, popularly used as a hypoglycemiant. Crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) and fractions (insoluble (FI), dichloromethane (FDM), ethyl acetate (FEA) and butanol (FBu)) of leaves were assessed to determine the phenolic chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 10 compounds were identified, being 7 new for this species: rutin, isoquercitrin, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, mandelic acid, naringenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and salicylic acid. Extract and fractions showed inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme (best result: IC50 = 44.19 µg mL−1, for FEA) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) (best result: IC50 = 31.25 ± 0.15 µg mL−1, for CHE). The observed antioxidant and inhibitory activity on the AchE and α-Glu is due to, at least in part, the presence of phenolic compounds in the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several researchers have attempted to develop coffee plants that are resistant to brown eye spot (BES); however, no coffee cultivars are resistant to the disease. In the present study, a blend of strains from Cercospora coffeicola was inoculated into 19 Brazilian commercial cultivars and 41 accessions from the Germplasm Collection of Minas Gerais to evaluate the genetic resistance ability within the population and select superior genotypes for the breeding program. After predicting the genotypic values of the estudied material, the evaluations number necessary for selecting genotypes with accuracy and efficiency was determined based on the data of severity to BES. The action of defense mechanisms plant was also investigated by assessing the levels of total soluble phenolic compounds and soluble lignin in contrasting genotypes for disease susceptibility. Based on the results, the accession MG 1207 Sumatra, had an intrinsic genetic capacity to maintain low levels of severity to BES. The genotype MG 1207 Sumatra can substantially contribute to the development of new cultivars, which may lead to the reduced use of pesticides. According to the accuracy and efficiency results obtained, four evaluations BES severity are sufficient to achieve accuracy, providing expressive genetic gains. Finally, the levels of lignin and phenolic compounds were not found to be associated with the resistance of coffee genotypes to BES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out with the objective of determining the antioxidant properties and quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids in relation to quercetin and rutin in some of the monofloral honeys produced in Minas Gerais (Brazil). In this study, 15 monofloral honey samples were obtained from different geographic regions of Minas Gerias, Brazil. The honeys were obtained from Cooperative of Beekeepers and Family Farmers of Northern Minas. To determine the antioxidant properties of honey samples, the test methods of total phenolic content, flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) and DPPH were used. As a result of the analysis of phenolic and flavonoid contents, the samples with the best results were A1-Aroeira and A4-Assa peixe. In antioxidant activity, the honey with the best EC50 results was A6-Aroeira. Differences between the antioxidant activities of the honey samples were found significantly (p< 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sorghum, a cereal native to Africa, and little explored as food in Brazil, has bioactive compounds, which can scavenge free radicals and be a potential in promoting health. Objective: To determine, by spectrophotometric methods, the levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of sorghum, native sorghum flour and after phosphating, and commercially obtained flours. Materials and Methods: Five samples were analyzed: whole sorghum, native sorghum flour, phosphate sorghum flour, and red and white commercial sorghum flours. Total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total tannins, and antioxidant activity were determined. Results: In general, there was no significant difference in the levels of bioactive compounds between whole sorghum and native sorghum flour. Phosphating reduced the levels of total phenols and anthocyanins in sorghum flour. The commercial red sorghum flour showed higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids than the other flours, and the commercial white sorghum flour showed the lowest levels of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and total phenols. Conclusion: In comparison to other foods studied in the literature, sorghum exhibited higher values of total phenols and anthocyanins, which suggests that sorghum flour has considerable potential to be used as an ingredient in preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profile of secondary compounds, such as polyphenols, directly influences the wines sensory characteristics and, therefore, these substances are widely used to differentiate the geographic region of origin of these products. The objective of this work was to perform a characterization of chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines produced in the altitude region of Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out with samples of commercial wines, in 2012 and 2013 vintages, selected from nine wineries. Two samples were taken from each winery to carry out the characterization of chemical compounds, evaluating, in triplicate: ethanol, residual sugar, pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. The results of chemical and phenolic evaluations of commercial wines 'Sauvignon Blanc' demonstrate the quality of these products, with high alcohol content and preservation of organic acids, due to the climatic characteristics of the region, which influence grape maturation. All evaluated samples presented reducing sugar values lower than 5 g L-1, indicating that they were all dry wines. In addition, they presented a coloration (Abs 420nm) of 0.12, these values can be considered low, indicating the absence of oxidation process in the wines. The phenolic compound most present in the wines was caftaric acid, in both vintages. With the exception of p-coumaric acid and GRP the commercial 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines, vintage 2013, presented the highest values of individual phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spondias mombin Linn (Anacardiaceae) is a plant species found from southeastern Mexico to Peru and in the northern of Brazil. Its fruits are known as "cajá miúdo" or "cajá pequeno" in Brazil; in Central America, as "jobo"; as "hogplum" or "yellow mombin" in North America; and as "ciruella amarilla" in Mexico and Ecuador, among others. It is used by the local population to treat diseases due to its many biological properties, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out using databases, indexed articles, theses, dissertations, and books. These surveys indicate important microscopic and macroscopic patterns of the species. Some studies also confirmed the popular use of S. mombin, showing in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties and some activities, such as mosquito adulticidal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and anthelminthic activities. These properties are attributed to the abundant presence of phenolic compounds. Saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids are also found in its extracts. The results obtained in this study show several pharmacological applications that can lead to the development of new products and drugs based on the properties of S. mombin, which have already been reflected in field patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Brazilian Cerrado is the second largest biome in South America and contains many unstudied valuable plant species rich in bioactive substances. In this study we investigated the phenolic content and proliferative effects on cultured fibroblasts of 32 extracts of different polarities prepared from 11 plants found in Cerrado regions. Eight extracts from six species increased cell proliferation and significantly induced ATP production by the cells. Four of these extracts were obtained from plants used as food, specifically from its fruits or seeds. A high phenolic content for these eight extracts, which directly correlated with the induction of cell proliferation, was corroborated by mass spectrometry analysis. We suggest that the bioactive substance content of these species shows an interesting potential use in cosmetic and food industry, which can contribute to the conservation and sustainable development of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Criteria for identification of Plecthrantus neochilus. • Anatomical description of leaf trichomes. • Detailing of the chemical profile of the species. • Contribution to cytogenetics of the genus Plecthrantus. Although used for medicinal purposes, there are many inconsistencies in the literature regarding the identification of Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. due to the morphological similarities with other species belonging to the so-called " P. caninus complex". Studies that develop tools for the correct identification of medicinal plants are of vital importance as the use of the wrong species can lead to serious health problems. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine a profile to identify individuals of P. neochilus based on anatomic, chemical and cytogenetic analyses. The cytogenetic analysis showed that all the individuals used in the present study belonged to the same species (2n = 30), P. neochilus, in agreement with literature. The presence of diacytic stomata, absence of digitiform trichome, distribution of peltate glandular trichomes on both sides of the leaves are also in agreement with previous reports for P. neochilus. However, the leaf mesophyll and the layout and morphology of glandular trichomes were different from those previously described in the literature. Histochemical tests showed the absence of phenolic compounds but presence of total and neutral terpenes and lipids. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation contained β-caryophyllene as the major compound (20.11%) which also coincides with other studies of P. neochilus in Brazil. These results show the cytogenetic, anatomical and the chemical profile of the essential oil of P. neochilus in Brazil and can be used as a tool for its identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracts of green propolis and red propolis from Brazil were evaluated. The extracts were obtained by extraction with ethanol, methanol, water, hexane (soxhlet) and supercritical CO2 at 50ºC/300 bar. Fractionation of the red propolis ethanolic extract (EEP) with scCO2 at temperatures of 40–60ºC and pressures of 200–400 bar was also evaluated. Methanolic extraction was the best method in terms of yield for both green and red propolis. Moreover, fractionation of the red propolis ethanolic extract with scCO2 produced fractionated extracts with much higher flavonoid contents than those found in the original EEP extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]