Search

Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is one of the most prevalent diseases in the common bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris). However, there is little information regarding the genetics of reaction to this disease. Thus, the aims of this study were to estimate genetic parameters, identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt, and validate the markers identified. A total of 165 progenies of the population BRS FP403 × BRS Horizonte were evaluated. Evaluation was made in 2016 and 2017 in field trials in an area infested with the pathogen in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism and SilicoDArT, where DArT is Diversity Arrays Technology, markers using the DArTseq technology was performed in the F2 generation. Analyses of the phenotypic data indicated the presence of variability among the progenies and the possibility of success from selection, with high estimates of heritability (90%) and gain from selection (37%). A genetic map was obtained with 702 markers and spanned 3069 cM. Five QTLs associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt were identified on five chromosomes. There was interaction between the QTLs and years. Through joint analysis, four QTLs were identified on chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, and Pv04, explaining 5.8%–40.5% of the variation. The QTL FOP2.3403H explained 40.5% of phenotypic variation and was stable over the 2 years. From this QTL, two hydrolysis probes were developed for genotyping in a panel of lines for validation. Selection efficiency was over 92%, indicating considerable potential for use in marker‐assisted selection. Core Ideas: Inheritance of reaction to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli in common bean is poligenic.A genetic map integrating 702 single nucleotide polymorphism and SilicoDArT markers was developed, spanning 3069 cM.Five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with reaction to Fusarium wilt were identified on five chromosomes.The QTL located on chromosome Pv02 (FOP2.3403H) explain 40.5% of the phenotypic variation.The allele‐specific probes derived from the QTL FOP2.3403H are effective for use in marker‐assisted selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Notável is a common bean cultivar with carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 20 Brazilian states. It is a mediumearly- maturing cultivar, with an average yield of 2,261 kg ha-1, 8.5% higher than the controls, a high yield potential (4,472 kg ha-1), lodging tolerance and resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and curtobacterium wilt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was the environmental stratification of the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina for the evaluation of carioca common bean genotypes. The grain yield was evaluated in 20 trials, in a randomized block design with three replications testing 16 genotypes with carioca grain. The environments were stratified by five methodologies: traditional Lin; mean square of the interaction for paired locations, estimate of the percentage of the complex interaction; estimate of Pearson's correlation, and the Wricke method. Locations identified as uninformative by at least three of the methodologies were excluded. The locations considered uninformative in the respective growing seasons were Roncador (rainy/2003 and dry/2003) and Laranjeiras do Sul (rainy/2004) and no location in the growing season dry/2004. Only Roncador was identified as not very informative in at least two seasons and was therefore eliminated from the evaluation network of Carioca common bean genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Between 1984 and 2010, the program for the improvement of common bean coordinated by Embrapa Rice & Beans released 50 new cultivars at an average rate of 1.9 cultivars per year. Any breeding program must be periodically subjected to critical analysis with respect to its performance, seeking methodologies that can improve its effectiveness. In this context, the estimation of genetic progress is one of the options used in this analysis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic progress in terms of grain yield and other agronomic traits achieved by the Embrapa program. These estimates represent the progress achieved during a 22-year period between 1985 and 2006 and totaling 11 biannual cycles of final assessments of the lines. Two types of field experiments were performed to assess the genetic progress: field experiments of lines and of cultivars. To perform the line experiments, the top three inbred lines from each of the 11 cycles evaluated comprised the 33 evaluated treatments. These evaluations were established in 20 environments and served to estimate the progress in yield, quality, and size of grains because these were the criteria applied to select the elite lines. The cultivar evaluations included the 10 cultivars recommended by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Embrapa) during the investigated period and were established in 21 environments. These evaluations served to estimate the improvements in the reaction to angular leaf spot, plant architecture, and resistance to lodging because cultivars usually exhibit superior phenotypes for such characteristics. The experimental design in all evaluations included completely randomized blocks with four replicates. The evaluations were performed during three sowing seasons (rainy, dry, and fall-winter) between 2008 and 2010. The results show the efficiency of the Embrapa program in improving the genetic makeup of common bean in Brazil between 1985 and 2006. The estimated improvement in grain yield was 17.3kgha−1 or 0.72% per year. Improvements were also found in plant architecture (2.0%), tolerance to lodging (2.0%), and grain quality (2.4%). There was no significant progress for the character weight of the 100 grains or for resistance to bacterial blight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BRS Ametista is a common bean cultivar with Carioca grain and yields similar to cultivar Pérola, but with larger grain size, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It is recommended for 18 states in all regions of Brazil and can be planted on over 95% of the area used for common bean in the country [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Esplendor is a common bean cultivar with black grain, suitable for 12 Brazilian states. The mean productivity is 2,156 kg ha-1, by 7.5 % higher than of controls, has a high yield potential (4,120 kg ha-1), upright growth, high tolerance to lodging and high resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt and common bacterial blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans with higher iron content may be a useful tool in preventing iron deficiency. The biofortification aims to reach the root of the problem of malnutrition, targets the neediest population, uses embedded distribution mechanisms, is scientifically feasible and effective in terms of cost, and complements other ongoing interventions to control micronutrient deficiency. However, to ensure effectiveness, measurement of the absorption of minerals is essential., Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the iron bioavailability of common bean BRS Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification, compared with common bean BRS Estilo in man through reliable techniques that have not been previously used in Brazil., Methods: The study included 29 young adult volunteers divided into 2 groups: Group CB (13 subjects) received 100 g of common beans (BRS-Estilo) cooked labeled with iron-58 ( 58 Fe) and Group TBB (16 patients) received 100 g common bean target for iron biofortification (BRS-Pontal), cooked and labeled with iron58 ( 58 Fe). The next day they received the reference dose of ferrous sulfate enriched iron-57 ( 57 Fe). Isotopic evaluation of iron for measurement of iron incorporation into erythrocytes was performed 14 days after consumption. The beans used, were produced, through conventional breeding program, by EMBRAPA/Rice and Beans., Results: The iron absorption was evaluated by assessing the isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope. Mean iron absorption from the meal with common beans was 0.409% (±0.040%) and mean iron incorporation from the meal with target beans for biofortification 0.407% (±0.038%) and did not differ between the groups., Conclusions: This study tested the iron absorption from a single bean meal in healthy volunteers or non anemics, In the present study the iron absorption ratio from common bean Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification and compared with common bean BRS Estilo was not significantly different. The iron concentration of the TBB, probably was not sufficient to improve higher bioavailability. It is recommended to evaluate the not only the absorption of iron in cultivars that present a higher difference in iron concentration but also in association with other components of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans., (Copyright © 2018 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)