Search

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) in women, and comparing them in two periods, 2003 and 2015. Methods: A comparative study was conducted between two surveys with representative samples of women aged 20–60 years residing in southern Brazil. The final sample included 988 and 987 women from the 2003 and 2015 surveys, respectively. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8) in both surveys. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the outcome (CMD) and variables of interest. Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 11.1 years (2003) and 40.3 ± 11.4 years (2015). In 2003, the prevalence of CMD was 33.4% (95%CI: 30.5–36.3) and in 2015, it was 33.7% (95%CI: 30.8–36.7). Over 12 years, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of CMD, except for a reduction in the prevalence in women of color and physically active. After adjusting, the prevalence ratios of CMD in 2003 and 2015 remained associated with low family income, a higher number of pregnancies, and tobacco use. Conclusions: This study showed a trend toward stability in the high prevalence of CMD among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and associated factors in female shift workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 450 female workers, aged 18 years or older (± 36.1 years), from an industry located in Southern Brazil. CMD was assessed using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8 points), and sociodemographic, occupational, behavioral, morbidity, and self-rated health characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of CMD was 47.3% (95% CI: 42.6–52.1). After adjusting, female workers with black/brown race/skin color had a 22% higher probability of CMD than white workers (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.49), and workers with sleep disorders or poor sleep quality were 147% more likely to have CMD compared with those with good sleep quality (PR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.70–3.58), and workers with fair/poor self-rated health were twice as likely to have CMD (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.43–2.80) compared to those with excellent/very good self-rated health. A high prevalence of CMD was observed in female shift workers, especially in workers with a black/brown race/skin color and with poor sleep quality and self-rated health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Climate conditions may influence the transmission of COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 cases and related deaths during the initial phase of the epidemic in Brazil. Methodology: An ecological study based on secondary data was conducted. Daily data on new COVID-19 cases, deaths, and climate indicators were collected from February 20 to April 18, 2020 (n = 59 days) for all state capital cities in Brazil and the Federal District (Brasília). The climate indicators included mean temperature, temperature amplitude, mean relative humidity, relative humidity amplitude, and percentage of days with mean relative humidity = 65 %. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for all cities and stratified by quintiles of the COVID-19 incidence rate. Results: The mean daily temperature was positively correlated with the number of days until the first COVID-19 case was reported. A lower mean relative humidity was correlated with a lower number of cases and deaths in Brazil, especially when the relative humidity was = 65 %. Higher temperatures and humidity amplitudes were correlated with lower COVID-19 mortality. Additionally, after controlling for humidity, cumulative cases of COVID-19 were inversely associated with temperature in cities with mean temperatures less than 25.8 °C. Conclusions: Variations in temperature and humidity across the Brazilian territory may have influenced the spread of the novel coronavirus during the initial phase of the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree in several countries. In April 2015, C. revoluta leaves showing brownish spots with a yellow halo that progressed to leaflet necrosis were observed in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. This study aimed to determine the aetiology of this disease on sago palm in Brazil. Based on DNA sequence‐based phylogeny, morphology, and colony characterization, the fungus was identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. elaeidis associated with leaf spots on C. revoluta worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on public library-community relationships in Brazil. Initially, we take into account the international information science literature highlighting the contemporary relevance of public library-community relations. We also consider aspects of the Brazilian historical and political experience and previous research indicating that public libraries in the country have not been valued by public policies and that, although present in more than 5,000 municipalities, these institutions tend to remain invisible to their communities. The main empirical contribution of our article lies in the analysis of interviews collected from Brazilian intellectuals and researchers who hold or have held prominent positions in institutions that define policies or carry out research on Brazilian public libraries. These interviews reveal a strong consciousness of the need to strengthen library-community relations, suggesting several actions, both from the library to the community and from the community to the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patos Lagoon is the largest choked coastal lagoon in the world (250 km long, 40 km wide and mean depth of 5 m), with banks formed by sand and predominantly muddy bottom. The circulation is mainly driven by wind and river flow, with a minor contribution of the local microtidal regime. This lagoon is one of the most studied coastal water bodies in Brazil. The Patos Lagoon suspended particulate matter (SPM) data compendium consists of over four decades (1978–2019) of SPM data gathered from multiple research and monitoring projects. Data consist of SPM in situ samplings, remote sensing derived SPM estimates, rating curve approach for SPM estimates and SPM derived from turbidity measurements. Only measurements with a detailed description of the sampling and analysis protocols were used. The present data set offers valuable contributions as it allows the assessment of trends on the data and the short‐ and long‐term spatial and temporal variability of SPM concentrations in an area where permanent monitoring stations are not available. From these records, the SPM concentrations ranged from 0.4 g/m3 up to 1,000 g/m3. The Patos Lagoon SPM Compendium has been made publicly available at Tavora, Fernandes and Möller (2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with excessive and severe daytime sleepiness in healthcare university students. A cross‐sectional university‐based study was conducted with 1,779 students from a university located in the Brazilian Midwest State of Goiás, Brazil, in 2018. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and classified as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥10) and severe EDS (S‐EDS; cut‐off ESS score ≥16). Associated factors included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic, nutritional status, and sleep‐related and perceived health characteristics. Poisson regression was used for the data analysis. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 22.5 (3.84) years. The prevalence of EDS was 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.9–56.1) and S‐EDS was 10.0% (95% CI 9.2–11.7). After adjustment, a higher probability of occurrence of EDS was found among women (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.53), younger students (PR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.42), those who were studying medicine (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28), with poor sleep quality (PR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17–1.43), and among those who reported constant loss of sleep due to internet use (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). After adjustment, the highest probability of occurrence of S‐EDS was found among women (PR 1.72, 95% CI 1.22–2.43), among those with poor sleep quality (PR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.08), and medical students (PR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01–1.90). In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of daytime sleepiness among healthcare university students, especially among medical students and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tamarillo fruits showing anthracnose disease were observed in Brazil. Two single-spore isolates were obtained and identified as Colletotrichum karsti using DNA sequencing and morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by inoculating healthy tamarillo fruits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. karsti causing fruit anthracnose on tamarillo in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, sour rot is an important postharvest disease on fruits and vegetables. Geotrichum candidum (synonym Galactomyces candidus) has been reported as the main species causing this disease. However, the identity of the causal agent is still uncertain. This research aimed to determine the identity of 165 fungal isolates associated with sour rot obtained from fruits and vegetables in Brazil, and to evaluate the effect of different temperatures on the incidence of sour rot on artificially inoculated tomato fruits. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and morphological analyses, 129 samples belonged to Galactomyces candidus, 15 to G. candidum var. citri‐aurantii, 6 to G. phurueaense, 2 to Gal. pseudocandidus, 1 to Hyphopichia burtonii, 1 to H. khmerensis, 3 to Saccharomycopsis crataegensis, 1 to S. vini, 1 to Magnusiomyces tetrasperma, 1 to Trichosporon coremiiforme, and 1 to Zygoascus meyerae. Two new species were found, namely, Geotrichum solani (on potato) and Geotrichum spondiadis (on red mombin). All isolates were pathogenic when inoculated on healthy tomato fruits, including the new species of Geotrichum, which were also inoculated into their respective hosts, that is, potatoes and red mombins. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the presence of five other genera besides Geotrichum associated with sour rot on fruits and vegetables in Brazil, which demonstrates the diversity of fungi and yeasts associated with this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been described that physiological changes in glucose metabolism, represented by insulin resistance (IR), are predicted during pubertal evolution, and obesity may be associated with its persistence even at the end of puberty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of IR in female adolescents with possible associated factors and evaluate the relationship of time since menarche (< 2 vs. ≥ 2 years) in the occurrence of IR in two Brazilian capital cities: Porto Velho (RO) and Porto Alegre (RS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional school-based study, using information from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks (ERICA) database for adolescents aged 12–17 years, enrolled in public and private schools, in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil, between 2013 and 2014. The present study included 889 adolescents, 382 in Porto Velho (PVh) and 507 in Porto Alegre (PoA). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.16 and fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L was used to determine the outcome variable of IR. Estimates of crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with confidence intervals of 95% were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive and nutritional characteristics were considered as potential confounding factors in multivariable models based on a conceptual framework of IR determination. Results: In the total sample, the prevalence of IR was 22.03% (95% CI 17.84–26.89). After adjusting the models, age 15–17 years and time since menarche ≥ 2 years were found to act as protective factors for IR; in contrast, the highest probability of IR was observed in black adolescents, with increased waist circumference (WC) and overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob). The protective effect of two or more years since menarche (post-menarche) was observed for both higher HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in PVh; in PoA, such protection was maintained only for fasting insulin ≥ 15 mU/L after adjustments in the multivariate models. Conclusions: IR is more prevalent during the peri-menarche period, especially in younger and black adolescents, compared to their white and post-menarche counterparts. The association between Ow/Ob and high WC with the occurrence of IR was independent of age and ethnicity variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Biológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Physical inactivity is one of the most important modifiable risk factors that is raising the global burden of chronic diseases. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study of 790 women aged 20 years or older living in the urban area of a municipality in Southern Brazil. The level of physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short form. Inactivity was defined as fewer than 150 min/wk-1 spent in moderate or vigorous physical activities. Prevalence ratios were calculated by robust Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 48.7% (95% CI, 43.3%-54.1 %). After adjusting for confounders, we found a linear trend for increasing prevalence of physical inactivity with increasing body mass index (P = .008). Women who were married or in a domestic partnership were 29% less physically active than single women (P = .044). A borderline association was detected between the presence of minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) and physical inactivity (P = .058). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of inactivity. Obese women, those married or in domestic partnerships and those with MPD were more likely to lead an inactive lifestyle. These results suggest that strategies are required for breaking down barriers to physical activity in this demographic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioural factors as intermediate variables.Design: A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI) and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardised effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped CI.Setting: Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil.Participants: Representative sample of 1117 women aged between 20 and 69 years.Results: Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (β = -0·05; 95 % CI -0·09, -0·01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (β = -0·21; 95 % CI -0·37, -0·07) and WC (β = -0·64; 95 % CI -1·00, -0·30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (β = 0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07).Conclusions: The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the relationship between work-related stress and obesity among female shift workers. Additionally, we also aimed to test the interaction between shift work and work-related stress in this association.Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Brazilian female shift workers. Work-related stress was assessed through a demand-control questionnaire (Job Stress Scale). Work-related stress was defined by the presence of high psychological demands and low control at work. The obesity cases were defined as those with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more. Multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance was used to obtain the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95 % CI.Setting: A group of industries located in southern Brazil in 2017.Participants: Four hundred and twenty female workers aged 18-59 years.Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 30 % (95 % CI: 25·6, 34·4), and the presence of work-related stress was identified in 24 % (95 % CI: 19·9, 28·1) of the sample. We found an indication of interaction between work-related stress and night shift work on obesity (P = 0·026). After adjusting for confounding factors, work-related stress was associated with a 71 % greater probability of obesity (PR = 1·71; 95 % CI: 1·02, 2·87; P = 0·042) among female night shift workers.Conclusions: In this study, we revealed that exposure to work-related stress and night shift work were associated with obesity among female shift workers. Furthermore, the prevalence of obesity was high among female shift workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the association between behavioural characteristics with the prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO) among a population of Southern Brazilian shift working women.Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. AO was estimated using waist circumference (WC), and it was used to classify women as having AO (WC ≥ 88 cm). Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.Setting: A large plastic utensils company in Southern Brazil.Participants: 450 female shift workers.Results: The prevalence of the AO in the women shift workers was 44·5 % (95 % CI 40·0, 49·2 %). In night shift workers, the prevalence of AO was 56·1 % compared with 40·9 % among hybrid shift workers. After adjustments for covariates, women who were current smokers had a decrease in the prevalence of AO compared with those who never smoked. Women who had three or fewer meals per day had a 46 % increase in the AO prevalence compared with those eating more frequent meals. Night shift work was associated with increase in AO prevalence compared with hybrid shift (PR 1·33; 95 % CI: 1·08, 1·64).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that behavioural characteristics are associated with a high prevalence of AO in female shift workers, thus suggesting that behavioural modifications among women working shifts, such as increase in meal frequency and physical activity, may reduce AO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, Paspalum species are commonly used in sports lawns, landscape projects, and as forage for livestock. Paspalum guenoarum plants showing symptoms of take‐all disease were observed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis is the only species reported associated with this disease on Paspalum. In recent years, new species of Gaeumannomyces have been proposed based on molecular studies, which demonstrated the existence of a species complex. Take‐all affects rice and wheat, but the aetiology of this disease on P. guenoarum is still unknown; this work aimed to elucidate the aetiology of the take‐all on P. guenoarum in Brazil and evaluate possible alternative hosts of agricultural importance. Based on combined phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, TEF‐1α, and RPB1 sequences, the fungal pathogen was identified as Atripes paspali gen. et sp. nov., which is proposed as a new genus in the Magnaporthaceae family. A representative isolate of A. paspali was inoculated on healthy P. guenoarum plants and reproduced the same symptoms of take‐all observed in the field. Furthermore, this fungus is also able to cause take‐all on wheat plants; temperature directly affected the incidence and development of the disease in wheat. Take‐all on P. guenoarum is caused by A. paspali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to describe sedentary behavior (SB) across leisure, occupation, and transport domains and determine factors associated with excessive sedentary behavior (ESB). Cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of 1,126 women aged 20-69 years living in São Leopoldo/RS. SB, demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health factors data were collected using a questionnaire administered by interviewers. The cut-off point for ESB was defined as the median. Associations were tested using Poisson regression with robust error variance. The medians and interquartile intervals (min/day) for leisure, occupation, and transport SB were 163.9(86.6-2710.5), 51.4(0-257.1), and 17.1(5.7- 37.3), respectively. The likelihood of leisure SB increased with education level, was higher among women who were not employed, lived in household without children, and smokers. In other domains, there was an inverse association between age, being white, economic class, education level, and income and ESB. Direct association between living in a household with a car and excessive transport SB and women who were not employed were 30% less likely to engage in ESB in this domain. The predominant domain in Total SB was leisure. Associations differed across domains, indicating that domain-specific interventions should be implemented in addressing excessive SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of psychosocial aspects on self-reporting of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The hypotheses were that psychosocial aspects have a direct or indirect effect on health behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) and CVDs. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1100 adults from the urban area of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil. Structured interviews were conducted using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. The psychosocial aspects included scales of resilience, quality of life, sense of coherence and social support. The outcomes were CVDs and CVDRFs measured by single items asking participants whether a physician had stated that they had heart disease, high blood pressure or high cholesterol/triglycerides or were overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2). Data analysis was based on structural equation models. The final model exhibited good fit : (χ2[57] = 155, p < 0.001, root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.042, confirmatory fit index [CFI] = 0.902 and standardized root-mean-square residual [SRMR] = 0.042). Consistent with our direct effect hypothesis, favorable psychosocial aspects were inversely associated with CVDRFS (β = −0.15, p = 0.011) and with CVDs (β = −0.10, p = 0.048). The indirect effect through health behaviors was not confirmed. The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects may influence the presence of self-reported CVDs or CVDRFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq.) is an oleaginous palm native to the American continent. It produces oil and has other important characteristics for the industry. In 2022, a severe disease causing basal stem rot, root rot, and plant mortality in a nursery and the field was detected on macaw palm plants in a farm, in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. From the rot symptomatic tissue of affected palms, two Phytophthora isolates were obtained by indirect isolation and were grown on PDA. Based on the morphological characteristics, particularly the coenocytic hyphae and papillate sporangia, the isolates were identified as Phytophthora palmivora. For phylogenetic analyses, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, β-tubulin gene (TUB), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF1-α), and two mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), were amplified. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that it is the species P. palmivora. Fulfillment of the Koch's postulates through pathogenicity test confirmed that P. palmivora was the causal agent of root rot and basal stem rot disease in macaw palm. This is the first report of this pathogen causing disease in macaw palms in Brazil. • A new disease causing basal stem and root rot in macaw palms in Brazil was observed. • Phytophthora palmivora was identified as the disease causal agent. • This the first report of P. palmivora causing the disease in macaw palm in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the association between shift work and sleep duration with body image dissatisfaction (BID) among shift-working women in southern Brazil. In this cross-sectional study, data of 505 women shift workers, between 18 and 60 years old, were collected between January and April 2011. BID was assessed using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. Information on shift work, sleep duration, and other explanatory variables was collected through a questionnaire. An aggregated exposure variable was created and termed "sleep deprivation," with the exposure category being night-shift workers who slept < 7 h/day. The respective prevalence ratio values were estimated using a Poisson regression. The prevalence of BID among shift-working women was 42.4 (95% CIs = 38.0 to 46.7%), and 199 (93.0%) of these women wished they had a smaller body size. Shift work (PR = 1.40; p = 0.006) and sleep duration (PR = 1.32; p = 0.010) were independently associated with BID. Additionally, workers with sleep deprivation exhibited a higher probability of BID than those without sleep deprivation (PR = 1.31; p = 0.012). These results reveal a situation of vulnerability and the need for strategies and actions directed at shift-working women with the aim of reducing the effects of sleep deprivation on mental health, particularly with regard to body image disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Several activities, such as port and fishing operations, exploit coastal marine ecosystems around the world, creating significant environmental impact. Since these activities often overlap spatially, they can interfere with each other. This paper aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability in the relative abundance of the Atlantic seabob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri), caught in the central coastal marine region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, where port activity takes place next to environmental protection areas. Commercial fishing data from a 6-year period (2009–2014) were used to perform this evaluation. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were applied to the catch and effort data, and model coefficients were used to calculate the catch per unit effort (CPUE, kg/fishing day), which was standardized per square nautical mile and year. Semivariogram and kriging techniques were used to evaluate the existence of spatial dependence in the data and to estimate the standardized CPUE in unsampled areas. Isotropic spherical semivariogram models were fitted using the least squares method, and they showed a pattern of spatial dependence for all years. Variation in Atlantic seabob relative abundance within the vessel demarcation area of the Port of Santos was similar to that in the area used for dumping dredged material, although the latter was fished more frequently, thus creating larger catches. Therefore, commercial fishing data can be used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation in the relative abundance of marine species in coastal regions. The results suggest that fishing and port activities interfere with one another in the region of the Port of Santos. Highlights • Spatiotemporal data of species abundance are very useful for coastal management. • Commercial fishing data of coastal species caught can be used in the estimates. • Seabob shrimp spatiotemporal abundance was estimated and evaluated. • Were identified variations in the abundance between areas with different uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous studies have investigated the relationship between workplace social capital and mental health, yet few have sought to examine the mediating mechanisms. We sought to explore the role of workplace social capital on health related behaviors and on mental health among female employees in Brazil.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 553 women aged 28-50 years working in the production line of a poultry processing plant. We assessed workplace social capital, common mental disorders, stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and health related behaviors (physical activity, healthy eating habits and co-occurrence of risk behaviors). We used structural equation modeling to clarify relationships between exposures, outcomes, and mediating variables.Results: Our model demonstrated a direct effect of social capital on the outcomes studied. Higher workplace social capital was associated with lower stress and common mental disorders as well as more favorable health-related behaviors. Our model also showed an indirect effect of social capital on mental health and on behaviors that was mediated by lower levels of perceived stress.Conclusion: Workplace social cohesion may play an important role in the promotion of mental health and healthy behaviors among women employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. In Brazil, yellow fever (YF) cases have increased dramatically in sylvatic areas neighboring urban zones in the last few years. Because of the high lethality rates associated with infection and absence of any antiviral treatments, it is essential to identify therapeutic options to respond to YFV outbreaks. Repurposing of clinically approved drugs represents the fastest alternative to discover antivirals for public health emergencies. Other Flaviviruses, such as Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses, are susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved drug against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our data showed that sofosbuvir docks onto YFV RNA polymerase using conserved amino acid residues for nucleotide binding. This drug inhibited the replication of both vaccine and wild-type strains of YFV on human hepatoma cells, with EC50 values around 5 μM. Sofosbuvir protected YFV-infected neonatal Swiss mice and adult type I interferon receptor knockout mice (A129-/-) from mortality and weight loss. Because of its safety profile in humans and significant antiviral effects in vitro and in mice, Sofosbuvir may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of YF. Key-words: Yellow fever virus; Yellow fever, antiviral; sofosbuvir [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2019, samples of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches of C. canephora with symptoms of dieback were collected in Santa Tereza, Espírito Santo state, Brazil, a major coffee growing region in the country. At the time, the cause of the symptoms was unknown. This study aimed to determine the cause of the observed symptoms based on multilocus phylogeny, morphology, and colony characterization. The causal agent was identified as Lasiodiplodia iranensis. This pathogen has been reported to cause disease in several economically important crops in South America, including cashew and mango. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. iranensis causing dieback on C. canephora worldwide. • Dieback symptoms were observed on Coffea canephora plants in Brazil. • Lasiodiplodia iranensis was identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. • L. iranensis was confirmed to be the causal agent of dieback on C. canephora. • This is the first report of L. iranensis causing dieback on C. canephora worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between shift work and the eatinghabits of workers was investigated in a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil. It involved a cross-sectional study with 1,206 workers of both sexes between 18 and 50 years of age. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather demographic, socioeconomic, work shift and eating habit information. The shift of work was categorized into daytime and nighttime, based on the starting and ending times of the shift. The eating habits of workers were evaluated as follows: number and type of meals eaten during the 24 hours of a normal day, the inappropriateness of the hoursof these meals and the dietaryrisk score. This was built on the risk score of the weekly consumption of 13 food items. After adjusting for potential confounders, non-Caucasian and younger male workers were more likely to manifest eating risk habits. Nighttimeshift workers consumed ahigher number of meals/day with greater inappropriateness of meal times than daytimeshift workers. The night shift can negatively influence the eating habits of workers of that shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity may have a protective effect against abdominal obesity, an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the association between the practice of physical activities in adolescence and abdominal obesity in adulthood among women shift workers in Southern Brazil in 2011. This case-control study included 215 cases (waist circumference greater than or equal to 88 cm) and 326 controls. For both the case and control groups, participation in leisure-time physical activities was most frequent in adolescence and was significantly less in adulthood. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women who participated in five or more physical activities in adolescence were 50 percent less likely to have abdominal obesity than women who participated in one activity or no physical activities (Odds Ratio = 0.50; 95% confidential interval: 0.27–0.93,pvalue = .029). Participation in various types of leisure-time physical activities in adolescence may protect against abdominal obesity in adulthood, even if the number of physical activities decreases over time. This finding demonstrated the importance of physical activity as well as the period of life in which these should be encouraged for the prevention of health disorders, such as abdominal obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adenium obesum is an ornamental plant of great economic value in Brazil. In August 2021, an outbreak of a disease that causes basal stem rot, wilt symptoms, and can kill the plant, affected approximately 2000 plants in a commercial nursery in the country. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses identified Neocosmospora ipomoeae and N. parceramosa associated with the symptoms. Neocosmospora ipomoeae is the causal agent of the observed symptoms, and the pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. • The fungi Neocosmospora ipomoeae and N. parceramosa were identified associated to disease symptoms. • Neocosmospora ipomoeae causes basal stem rot on Adenium obesum. • First report of N. parceramosa and N. ipomoeae in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The relationship between social capital and mortality is not clear-cut. There have been few longitudinal studies investigating this association so far. The objective was to assess the effect of different dimensions of social capital on mortality among adults of a Brazilian city. Study design: This is a prospective multilevel study. Baseline data were obtained from a population-based random sample of 846 adults (aged 18 years or more) residing in 38 neighbourhoods (census blocks). Methods: Participants were interviewed in 2006e7 and their vital status investigated in 2013. Social capital was assessed by five scales (social cohesion, informal social control, neighbours' support, social action and political efficacy). The outcome was all-cause mortality. Data analysis used multilevel logistic regression models. Results: At the individual level social cohesion was positively related to mortality in the unadjusted model but this association lost significance after adjustment for other variables in multivariable models. At the neighbourhood level, high mortality rates were associated with low social action independently of demographic, socio-economic, behavioural and health-related variables. Conclusion: We found more evidence for a contextual than individual level effect of social capital on mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the topic of information literacy using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in public libraries taking into account a citizen/user's training and librarians' roles. Another topic highlighted in this study is a public library-local community relation focusing on new trends in literature regarding this relation. The empirical study focused on a recent experience in the city of Rio de Janeiro - at Biblioteca Parque de Manguinhos Library Park -, which provides service to neighborhoods characterized by high rates of poverty and of violence. We interviewed directors and librarians, and administered a questionnaire to users. Data analyses show that users are greatly interested in using Internet. Data reveal that some of the Library's initiatives seem to be contributing to developing users' information competence and strengthening community-library bonds. However, data also indicates that some types of users' demands are not being considered. Likewise, data suggests that the community's participation in the library could be intensified or diversified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rodrigues-Filho, J.L.; Branco, J.O.; Monteiro, H.S.; Verani, J.R., and Barreiros, J.P., 2015. Seasonality of ichthyofauna bycatch in shrimp trawls from different depth strata in the southern Brazilian coast. Changes in the species composition and ecological descriptors of fish assemblages in terms of abiotic factors such as depth, temperature, salinity, and granulometry were analyzed. Monthly trawls, from October 2003 to September 2004 (30 minutes each) were analyzed in two areas covering an important shrimp fishing site of the Brazilian coast. Results using bifactorial analysis of variance revealed a seasonal variation of environmental variables ( p < 0.05), and granulometry analyses showed that the composition of the fishing grounds was similar-mostly sand. A total of 12,613 fish were collected: 7880 in area I and 4733 in area II. The highest values of capture in numerical abundance (catch per unit effort) occurred during winter. Fifty taxa were caught in area I, and 53 taxa were caught in area II. Both values are considered high when compared to previous studies conducted in nearby areas. Sciaenidae was the most speciose family in all samples and in both areas were dominant in number of species (37 species in area I and 42 species in area II). Cynoscion striatus was the most abundant and dominant species in both areas. Estimates of ecological descriptors, such as richness, diversity, and evenness, showed that the ichthyofauna structure was strongly influenced by climatic factors, and all values were more pronounced during fall and winter. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that ichthyofauna species composition differs among seasons. The Student's t test applied a posteriori showed that the community composition differed (significantly) in the following comparisons: spring vs. fall ( p < 0.05) and winter vs. summer ( p < 0.05). According to similarity percentage analysis, changes in the community structure were mainly correlated with species classified as abundant, which occurred unevenly during the different periods. Our results show that the fish community is influenced by seasonal variations such as salinity and temperature but not by depth or sand grain sizes. As alterações na composição específica e nos descritores ecológicos das assembleias de peixes em função dos fatores abióticos, tais como profundidade, temperatura, salinidade e granulometria, foram analisadas no presente trabalho. Arrastos mensais de trinta minutos de duração foram realizados em duas áreas com diferentes profundidades em um importante ponto de pesca camaroeira do litoral sul brasileiro. Paralelamente, registrou-se os valores de temperatura e salinidade da água, bem como foi amostrado o tipo de substrato dos fundos de pesca. A aplicação do teste t de Student demonstrou variação sazonal dessas variáveis ambientais no estudo ( p < 0,05) e a análise granulométrica demonstrou que a composição dos fundos de pesca foi bastante similar, sendo composta principalmente por areia. No total foram capturados 12.613 exemplares, sendo 7.880 na área I e 4.733 na área II. Os maiores valores de captura (CPUE) ocorreram no inverno. Foram capturados 50 táxons na área I e 53 na área II, um alto valor quando comparado com estudos pretéritos em localidades próximas. A família dos sciaenideos foi a mais representativa nas coletas, predominando em ambas as áreas espécies incidentais (37 na área I e 42 na área II). Cynoscion striatus foi a espécie mais abundante e predominante em ambas as áreas. As estimativas dos descritores ecológicos, tais como a riqueza, a diversidade e equitabilidade, evidenciaram que a estrutura da ictiofauna foi fortemente influenciada pelo fator tempo e que os valores mais acentuados ocorreram no outono e inverno. A aplicação da PERMANOVA demonstrou que a composição especifica da ictiofauna diferiu entre as estações. O teste t de Student a posteriori demonstrou que a composição da comunidade na primavera diferiu do outono e inverno ( p < 0,05) e que o inverno diferiu do verão. De acordo com a análise de similaridade, as alterações na estrutura das comunidades foram causadas, sobretudo, por espécies classificadas como abundantes e que ocorreram de forma desigual entre os períodos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a comunidade ictiica foi influenciada por variações sazonais da temperatura e salinidade e não por diferenças de profundidade e granulométrica entre as áreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botrytis cinerea is an important plant pathogen that can infect a wide range of hosts and cause serious losses in many crops. In Orchidaceae, gray mold is one of the main diseases caused by fungi, commonly associated to flower spots. Here, we described a new disease caused by B. cinerea on Maxillaria richi , an orchid native from Ecuador and marketed in Brazil. Samples of M. richii with unusual defoliation symptoms were observed in a greenhouse. The diseased material was used to isolate the pathogen. The morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolates belong to B. cinerea. The pathogenicity test confirmed that B. cinerea is the etiological agent of the defoliation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing basal leaf rot and defoliation on a member of Orchidaceae. • Botrytis cinerea is among the most important plant pathogens in the world. • B. cinerea cause distinct symptoms in orchids from several genera. • Unusual basal leaf rot and defoliation symptoms were observed in Maxillaria richii. • B. cinerea is the fungal pathogen that causes defoliation on M. richii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dialogos (14159945) is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continuing the study of black mildews in fragments of the Atlantic forest, three new species and five new records are described herein. Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae, Meliola vicosensis and Meliola xylopia-sericiae are new species. Cecropia hololeuca, Piper gaudichaudianum and Trichilia lepidota are new hosts for Asteridiella leucosykeae, Asteridiella glabroides and Meliola trichiliae respectively. Asteridiella obesa and Meliola psychotriae var. chiococcae are reported for the first time from Brazil. The new species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopy and tables with main characteristics of morphologically similar specimens with species collected in Vicosa are provided. Other species belonging to Meliolaceae collected on hosts belonging to the Annonaceae, Meliaceae and Tiliaceae in Brazil also were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pochonia species can occur in many Meloidogyne-infested soils throughout the world. The objective of this work was to isolate Pochonia species from different Meloidogyne-infested soil locations in Brazil and to screen for potential isolates effective in controlling Meloidogyne javanica under glasshouse conditions. A total of 29 isolates were identified as Pochonia chlamydosporia. Among them, 65.52% were identified as P. chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and 34.48% as P. chlamydosporia var. catenulata. For the glasshouse experiments, fungal chlamydospores were incorporated into the soil (5000 g soil−1) and one tomato seedling was transplanted in 300 mL pot. After one week, each plant was inoculated with 1000 eggs of M. javanica. The isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 21, 24, 28 (from Brazil) and 64 (from Spain) were the most efficient in reducing the number of eggs of the nematode. These isolates were re-evaluated in another glasshouse experiment, this time the number of eggs was increased (3000), inoculating both eggs and chlamydospores at the same time. After one week of inoculation, a tomato seedling was transplanted in each pot. In this experiment, isolates 64 and 10 were the most efficient in reducing the number of eggs by 72% and 60%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The phylogenetic position of a new species of Anhellia (Myriangiales) was investigated by analysis of nucleotide sequences of ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and ITS regions. The new sequence was aligned with 28 sequences obtained from GenBank, including four species of Davidiellaceae (Capnodiales) used as outgroup. This study is the first attempt to resolve the placement of the genus Anhellia within Myriangiales. The genus Anhellia was strongly supported in Myriangiaceae by phylogenetic analyses. In addition, A. nectandrae sp. nov., collected on Nectandra rigida from a fragment of Atlantic forest in Brazil, is described, illustrated and a table with morphological features to all known Anhellia species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use data from a Brazilian social program to investigate the existence of gender bias in intrahousehold allocations of resources. The program makes cash transfers to mothers and pregnant women in poor households. Bureaucratic mistakes, beyond the control of the applicants, have inadvertently excluded many households that had applied and were accepted to the program. This unintentional natural experiment is used to identify the impact of an exogenous variation in female nonlabor income over household consumption. We find that program participation led to an increase in food expenditure, but this effect is not due to women being the benefit recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The scientific literature has consistently shown the effects of certain diets on health; however, given the variety of cultures and dietary habits across the world, it is likely that much remains to be learned about dietary patterns and health outcomes. We assessed the associations between main dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among 4,202 young Brazilian adults in a cross-sectional analysis. Methods: In a principle components analysis, two main dietary patterns were identified: common Brazilian and processed food. As outcomes, we examined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). Means, crude, and adjusted β coefficients and 95% CIs were estimated according to quintiles of dietary patterns. Results: Common Brazilian scores were inversely associated with BMI, WC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol values among men. Among women, inverse association trends were observed with SBP, DBP, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol. The processed food pattern was positively associated with LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol, BMI, and WC values among the men. Among the women, the processed food pattern was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings confirm that diet has an important role on health during early adulthood. The common Brazilian pattern showed generally healthier trends regarding CVD risk factors, but the ultimate effects on risk of risk of disease are unclear because of the inverse relation with HDL-c levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and test the association between psychological well-being and overweight in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study using anthropometrical measures and interviews with 1048 6-10-year-old school children from a Brazilian town. Overweight was assessed by the body mass index and included obesity. Psychological data of children and their parents were collected using a face scale. Poisson regression models were used to test the associations and to obtain unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). The prevalence of overweight was of 15.3% (95% CI: 13.2-17.6) and of only obesity was 3.8% (2.8-5.2). After controlling for age, sex, school type and parental overweight, the prevalence of overweight was 52% and 44% higher in children who reported a psychological dissatisfaction in themselves and in their mothers when compared with those with positive self perception (PR = 1.52 95% CI = 1.02-2.28; P = 0.038) and (PR = 1.44 95% CI = 1.00-2.09; P = 0.049), respectively. The study suggests that actions aiming weight control of children should take into account psychological aspects of children and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examined the associations of shiftwork with overweight and abdominal obesity through a cross-sectional study of 1206 employees 18 to 50 yrs of age who were working on a production line in a poultry processing plant. Night-shift workers (n == 800) were considered exposed, whereas day shiftworkers (n == 406) were considered nonexposed. Overweight was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg//m2 and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men. The mean age of the workers was 30.5 yrs (standard deviation == 8.7 yrs), and 65.2%% were women. Nightshift workers compared to dayshift workers showed higher prevalences of overweight (42.2%% vs. 34.3%%; p == .020) and abdominal obesity (24.9%% vs. 19.5%%; p == .037). After adjusting for sociodemographics, parental overweight status, behavioral characteristics, and sleep characteristics, including hours of sleep, the prevalence ratios for overweight and abdominal obesity were 1.27 (95%% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.00-1.61) and 1.45 (95%% CI: 1.10-1.92), respectively, for the nightshift workers compared to the dayshift workers. A consistent finding in our study was the independent contribution of night shiftwork to overweight and abdominal obesity among Brazilian workers. Further studies are needed to understand the biological mechanisms involved and the complex behavioral and social adaptations experienced by night-shift workers. (Author correspondence: ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new species, two new varieties and three newly reported taxa belonging to the Meliolaceae were collected in fragments of Atlantic forest from Minas Gerais, Brazil, in association with native plants and are described and illustrated herein. The newly described species are AppendiculeUa eupatorii, Meliola cassiae-fervugineae, M. mutisiae, M. peruiferae, M. vernaliae. The new varieties are M. garugae var. protii and M. pauUinifolii var. rubiginosae. These taxa are reported in Brazil for the first time: Asteridiella cyclopoda, A. entebbeensis var. codiaei and Meliola pazschkeana var. macropoda. We studied other species belonging in Meliolaceae collected on hosts belonging to the Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae) and Sapindaceae in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]