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Objective: To analyze prenatal and perinatal stressors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in adolescents. Methods: Prospective cohort study collected prenatal (socioeconomic status, maternal age, number of prenatal visits, smoking, obesity during pregnancy, abortion history, gestational hypertension) and perinatal stressors (type of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, intensive care unit‐ICU at birth). The outcome was MIH at 18–19 years follow‐up (n = 590). MIH was defined according to the Ghanim criteria – Model I. We performed a sensitivity analysis, including opacities demarcated in index tooth, incisive or molars, Model II. Through structural equation modeling, we analyzed direct and mediating pathways between multiple stressors with outcomes. Results: MIH was observed in 15.25% (n = 90), and opacities demarcated in any index tooth were observed in 22.8% of adolescents (n = 135). In Model I, no stressor explained MIH significantly, although we watched high standardized coefficients (SC) for low birth weight (SC = 0.223, p = 0.147), lower gestational age (SC = 0.351; p = 0.254), and ICU admission (SC = 0.447, p = 0.254). In Model II, advanced maternal age (SC = 0.148; p < 0.05) and not undergoing prenatal care (SC = 0.384, p < 0.03) explained opacities demarcated in incisors or molars. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age and not undergoing prenatal care were associated with MIH lesion‐like in incisors or molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no consensus on which molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) indices are more suitable for epidemiological surveys. Aim: To compare the operational aspects and diagnostic ability of the MIH index (simplified/MIH_s and extended/MIH_e) with the MIH‐Severity Scoring System (MIH‐SSS) in classifying and diagnosing MIH. Design: This cross‐sectional study assessed the indices in a homogeneous group of 680 6‐ to 10‐year‐old schoolchildren in Bauru, Brazil, who had at least one first permanent molar, ensuring consistent conditions. Followed by toothbrushing, the children seated on school chairs were examined by the two calibrated researchers under artificial lighting, using mouth mirror and WHO probe, and chronometer recording the duration of examinations. Results: The prevalence of MIH was 24.7%. The most common characteristic of MIH was demarcated opacity, with a prevalence of 81.7% and 85.45% according to the MIH_s and the MIH‐SSS, respectively. A positive association was observed among the MIH_s, the MIH_e, and the MIH‐SSS (chi‐squared test; p <.01). The MIH‐SSS demonstrated a shorter average application time than both versions of the MIH index (ANOVA/Tukey; p <.05). Additionally, fluorosis was found to be the most prevalent among other developmental defects of enamel, with a prevalence of 38.38%. Conclusion: All systems effectively diagnosed MIH and its characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate descriptively and quantitatively teeth affected by enamel hypomineralization (EH) using optical coherence microtomography (OCT). Methods: Twenty teeth were classified according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) index and separated into groups according to the degree of EH severity. For each tooth, scans were performed on both the affected and the non-affected areas, and their corresponding optical images were captured. Results: In the qualitative analyses, in most of the images bright lines were observed in relation to the enamel surface and a high level of photon scattering immediately below the enamel surface. This showed that the shading distribution can be identified as hypomineralized areas in which the scattering signal can be used as a diagnostic criterion. In the quantitative analyses, Tukey's test was performed to evaluate the means of the optical attenuation coefficient, which did not present significant differences. However, considering the correlation, homogeneity and contrast analyses, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. The group with severe MIH showed greater homogeneity and correlation, but less contrast. Conclusion: Currently, MIH has its severity measured by essentially clinical means. OCT processing techniques reveal advances in the diagnostic imaging of MIH, showing that image texture analysis can be a promising and useful method to aid in its diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature is unclear about bite force (BF) and handgrip force (HF) in a specific group of different ages and dentate conditions, or even a predictive model for each specific group, using BF and HF as factors. Objective: To establish the correlation between HF and BF in female participants with distinct ages and dentate conditions; also create a predictive model of BF as a function of HF. Methods: Participants were divided into three groups (GI: young natural dentate women, n = 65; GII: adult natural dentate women, n = 67; and GIII: edentulous women users of bimaxillary complete dentures, n = 67) and subjected to an HF measurement test using a digital dynamometer. Subsequently, BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer in the molar region. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05) were performed, and simple linear regression was used to obtain a model to predict BF from HF for each group separately (α = 0.05). Results: All groups presented moderate and strong correlations among the variables (GI: r = 0.838; GII: r = 0.714; GIII: r = 0.646). A significant difference in BF was observed (GI > GII > GIII; p <.05). GIII presented a significantly lower HF than the other groups (p <.05). Besides, three equations predicting BF, using HF, were obtained for use in young/adult dentate and edentulous women. Conclusion: All groups found a positive and significant correlation between BF, HF and groups. HF can be a simple and efficient method for predicting BF using the predictive models developed for women with good health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although reciprocating instrumentation has been extensively studied for permanent teeth, stronger evidence for its use in primary teeth is lacking. Aim: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating (RECIP) and manual (MAN) instrumentation techniques after 24 months. Design: Primary molars with indication of endodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups: MAN and RECIP. Treatments were performed, and root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste. Teeth were later restored with bulk‐fill composite resin and re‐evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the success of the endodontic treatment evaluated by Cox regression analysis adjusted by cluster and success rate after 24 months in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. Instrumentation time, discomfort, postoperative pain, and quality of root canal filling were also evaluated as secondary endpoints. Results: A total of 151 primary win 107 children were included, and 137 were followed up for 24 months. Success rate of teeth allocated to the MAN group was 57.3% and 55.3% for RECIP (p =.792); MAN instrumentation, however, was more time‐consuming (p =.005). Conclusion: The efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating and manual instrumentation is similar after 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess whether the prevalence of dental caries is associated with the presence of molar‐incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in first permanent molars (FPMs). Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 5368 FPMs from 1342 children aged 8–10 years from Florianopolis, Brazil. Dental caries was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and MIH was assessed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The sociodemographic data were obtained with a questionnaire sent to caregivers. A hierarchical repeated measures Poisson regression, considering dependency among observations, was performed, since the unit of analysis was the tooth. Results: The presence of MIH was associated with a 6.15 times higher prevalence of dental caries in FPMs (PR: 6.15; 95%CI: 4.18–9.04). A monthly family income ≤2 minimum wages and the caries experience in the primary teeth were also significantly associated with greater prevalence rates of dental caries in FPMs. Conclusion: The presence of MIH showed a significant association with the prevalence of dental caries in FPMs. Thus, dentists should be alert to cases of MIH. Once the condition is detected, preventive measures should be taken to prevent enamel breakdown and the development of dental caries lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the first known case of disproportionate dwarfism in bats. The specimen is an adult male Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), captured in a ground-level mist net during a survey in a lowland Atlantic Forest area in southeastern Brazil. Examination of the specimen skull showed craniofacial anomalies, including microdontia in the upper incisors, oligodontia in the third upper molars, fusion of the nasal septum and the left ventral nasal concha, and a narrower foramen magnum. Post-cranial changes were mainly related to shortened radius, tibia, and metacarpals, compared to the reference sample in multivariate space. Given its unusual morphology with short wings and average body mass, the dwarf would have higher wing loading, fly faster, require more power to fly, and have a shorter flight range compared to the species pattern. Because it presented good body condition and reached adulthood, possible mechanisms of functional compensation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some oral conditions can have psychosocial consequences that affect children's daily life and well‐being. Aim: To create a structural model for the determination of dental caries, molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and the impact of these conditions and socioeconomic status on schoolchildren's oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Design: A representative cross‐sectional study was conducted in Lavras, Brazil, with 1181 female and male schoolchildren 8–9 years of age. OHRQoL was measured using the Brazilian version of the CPQ8‐10. Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated dentist for the diagnosis of dental caries (WHO) and MIH (EAPD). Parents/caregivers answered questionnaires addressing the child's medical history and socioeconomic status. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The model revealed that greater MIH severity (β =.874; p <.001) and worse socioeconomic status (β = −.060; p =.001) were associated with a greater number of teeth with caries experience. The higher the number of teeth with caries experience (β =.160; p =.007) and worse socioeconomic status (β = −.164; p <.001), the greater the negative impact on OHRQoL. Conclusion: The model created showed that dental caries and socioeconomic status had a direct negative impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren and MIH had an indirect impact mediated by the occurrence of caries experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design: A randomised parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted between 2013 and 2015 at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, to assess the impact of pulpectomy or extraction on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with pulp necrosis in primary molars. Study selection: Children between the ages of 3 and 5 who were in good health but had extensive caries in at least one primary molar with signs of pulpal necrosis (also as seen radiographically, caries reaching the pulp with no signs of internal or external resorption) were considered for inclusion. Additionally, teeth with sufficient structure for rubber dam placement were also included. Children with any systemic, neurological, or other conditions that negatively impacted their growth were excluded. Clinical procedures and success criteria: After computer-generated randomisation, 100 children were assigned randomly into two groups: 50 in the pulpectomy group and 50 in the dental extraction group. A paediatric dentist performed all procedures under local anaesthesia without sedation or general anaesthesia, and a rubber dam was used for pulpectomy with composite restoration in a single session. The OHRQoL scores were evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) via face-to-face interviews with parents conducted by a researcher trained in a single-blinded fashion. Additionally, the child's self-reported dental anxiety was measured using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), and dental pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) immediately after the treatment as secondary outcomes. Results: The mean difference (SD) in the total B-ECOHIS score between baseline and after 12 months was 12.66 (6.79) for the pulpectomy group and 10.94 (9.28) for the extraction group, with effect sizes of 3.2 (95% CI: 2.42–4.20) and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.84–2.11), respectively. While both treatments significantly improved the children's OHRQoL after 12 months, the pulpectomy group showed greater long-term improvement compared to the extraction group, with mean differences (SD) of 4.86 (6.13) and effect sizes of 0.8 (0.46–1.13; p < 0.001). Moreover, children in the extraction group showed higher levels of anxiety compared with those in the pulpectomy group at 12-month follow-up (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.30–4.89), and they reported 93% more odds of 'dental pain with high level' immediately after treatment than those in the pulpectomy group (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 0.83–4.49). Conclusion: Children treated with pulpectomy in their necrotic primary molars were found to have better OHRQoL than those who had their primary molars extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children aged five years in a Northeast Brazilian Capital (Fortaleza, CE) and its association with sociodemographic conditions, presence of malocclusion, and gingival bleeding. Material and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, and crosssectional study carried out in a representative sample of 3,582 children aged five years in the city of Fortaleza- CE. Data was collected in public and private schools distributed in the city's Regional Health Coordination (CORES). Each of the six CORES worked with five field teams, participating in inter-examiner training and calibration with a final KAPPA coefficient of 0.87. Data were collected using a clinical form adapted from the SB Brasil 2010 questionnaire on sociodemographic conditions. The indices of dmft, need for treatment, malocclusion, and gingival bleeding were used for oral health conditions. The data were submitted to Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact tests, and the variables that show values of p<0.05 were submitted to a multinomial logistic regression model (forward stepwise model). Results: 57.1% of children were cariesfree, and the mean dmft-d was 1.65 (1.65±2.65). CORES I and VI were the ones that presented the most significant association with caries attacks in all primary molars. The highest percentage of caries in the 2nd upper molar (60.6%), 1st lower molar (59%), and 2nd lower molar (58.8%) were found in children with normal occlusion. There was a significant association between gingival bleeding and caries in all molars and the need for treatment. Conclusion: These results allow us to observe that the prevalence of dental caries in 5-yearold children in Fortaleza is low, although with a tendency to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evidence regarding the impact of early loss of primary molars (ELPM) on Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is lacking. The aim of the present study was evaluating the impact of ELPM on OHRQoL of Brazilian schoolchildren aged 6–10 years. Methods: This observational prospective cohort study was conducted with 163 schoolchildren, assigned in the primary tooth loss group (PTLG), in which all tooth loss was caused by carious lesions, and in a control group without tooth loss (CG). Two calibrated examiners conducted the clinical oral assessments to determine caries experience and tooth loss. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perception Questionnaire 8–10 years (CPQ8‐10) instrument administered at baseline and at 10–12 months of follow‐up. Results: Children in PTLG exhibited significantly more negative impact on OHRQoL at baseline (p < 0.01) than CG, and also after the follow‐up period (p < 0.01). It was also possible to observe a significant reduction in the negative impact on OHRQoL in both CG and PTLG in the longitudinal analysis (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was an even more substantial reduction in the negative impact on OHRQoL in children in PTLG. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that early tooth loss is associated with negative impact on OHRQoL. Moreover, it indicates that access to dental treatment can have a positive impact on the OHRQoL of children with dental caries and ELPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enamel development defects are important complaints of patients, being common in both primary and permanent dentition. This study aims to report a clinical case involving the aesthetic resolution of a permanent maxillary central incisor affected by enamel hypomineralization in a juvenile patient, through the direct restorative technique in a clinical-academic setting. A 16-year-old male patient attended the Clinic School of a college in the north of the state of Minas Gerais complaining of discomfort due to a white spot on the central incisor. In the dental clinical evaluation, a large opaque white spot was observed on tooth 21. The enamel had normal thickness and no surface alteration was observed, consistent with enamel hypomineralization. The decision of the appropriate treatment was taken after the transillumination exam, carried out with the photo-activator device, verifying that the spot was deep. Thus, the treatment option was the restoration with composite resin. The procedure was performed using the stratified technique, using enamel, dentin and effect resins, obtaining an excellent aesthetic result with a wear restricted to the staining area. It may be concluded that a correct diagnostic approach is extremely important for the selection of the appropriate therapy for enamel developmental defects. Composite resin becomes a material of choice when the wear is necessary. Composites have good optical properties and allow less wear compared to dental ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare 2-year cumulative survival rates in first permanent molars (FPM) with and without MIH and to investigate risk factors associated with caries incidence.Materials and Methods: A total of 142 children aged 5 to 6 years were recruited from all public schools in Botelhos, Minas Gerais, Brazil and 536 FPM were examined. A questionnaire was designed to collect sociodemographic background and behavioural information about children and their parents. Caries in FPM was recorded per surface in accordance with WHO methodology at baseline and once every 6 months over a period of two years. The survival analysis was conducted using the Weibull regression model with cure fraction.Results: MIH was present in 16.19% of children. The 2-year cumulative survival rates for FPM with and without MIH showed statistically significant differences, and visible plaque on anterior teeth had an effect on the survival rates.Conclusion: Children with MIH and visible plaque on anterior teeth at baseline had a high risk for developing new caries lesions in their FPM over the course of two years. These variables should be considered in caries risk assessment in paediatric dental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Itaboraí Basin, municipality of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, preserved an Early Eocene vertebrate assemblage. Among its representatives, Metatheria comprises its most diverse clade, with a minimum of 29 genera and 43 species. Considering this diversity, large-sized taxa (based on didelphid standards, i.e., between 1 kg and 3.3 kg) are represented by Didelphopsis , Protodidelphis and Patene , each considered to have explored different trophic niches. However, the discovery of a new large-sized metatherian from this locality, here named Xenocynus crypticus gen. et sp. nov., indicates that the trophic complexity of Itaboraí's metatherians could not be so well-defined. Xenocynus crypticus gen. et sp. nov. is identified by the presence of its reduced StD, long postmetacrista, short protocone, talonid's area much smaller than the one of trigonid, spaced paraconid and metaconid (bases are not in contact), molar series increasing in size from m1 to m4, deep maxillary pits between upper molars, and robust symphysis. We included Itaboraidelphys camposi , X. crypticus gen. et sp. nov. and other large-sized taxa in two PCA analyses, the first considering morphometric measurements and the second considering some morphofunctional indexes, to test their placement in morphospace. Our analyses indicated that these taxa exhibit distinctive morphometric and morphofunctional patterns, suggesting low trophic niches overlapping between them. The results indicate that X. crypticus gen. et sp. nov. was a generalized carnivore (insectivory-carnivory), more specialized than the insectivorous/omnivorous Itaboraidelphys camposi , but less specialized than the larger Patene simpsoni , a carnivorous taxon. • A new metatherian from the Itaboraí fauna, Xenocynus crypticus gen. et sp. nov., is described. • Xenocynus crypticus was an insectivorous-carnivorous taxon. • Large-sized metatherians (between 1 kg and 3.3 kg) from Itaboraí explored different trophic niches. • Protodidelphids were frugivores, sternbergiids were insectivore-omnivores, and sparassodonts were generalized carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the longest upright and tilted implant that can be placed in posterior mandibular teeth (second premolars [2PM], first molars [1M], and second molars [2M]) in case of immediate implant placement (IIP), respecting a safe distance from the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) and the submandibularfossa, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Method and Materials: In CBCT scans of 118 subjects, the following were measured: distance from the tooth apex to the IAC (DTC), lateromedial width of the mandible, classification of mandibular cross-sectional morphology, upright and tilted implant placement simulation, tilting angle that allowed placement of the longest implant. Results: The DTC has shown to be greater for 1M, shorter for 2PM, and even shorter for 2M. Between 70% and 88% of all 2PM, 1M, and 2M present less than 6 mm of DTC. The cross-sectional morphology of the mandible had a tendency to be classified as "undercut" in more posterior regions. For both 4.0- and 5.0-mm implants, more posterior regions resulted in a greater difference in length between the upright and tilted implants. The tilting angle was greater for the more posterior regions. Most of the relationships between age/sex and the morphometric parameters were weak. Conclusion: Lingual concavity is a common clinical finding at the posterior mandibular region, and its occurrence varies according to the tooth type. The great majority of the 2PM, 1M, and 2M present limited available bone between the root apex and the IAC, which stresses the need for careful attention when IIP is planned in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the intensity of postobturation pain after unintentional apical extrusion of calcium silicate–based root canal sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer [Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA] and Bio-C Sealer [Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil]) with a resin-based sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA). A total of 330 patients referred for root canal treatment on molar teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were recruited. Root canals were prepared using WaveOne Gold instruments (Dentsply Sirona) in a crown-down technique and irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gel and saline solution. Next, patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to the root canal sealer used (n = 110): AH Plus, BC Sealer, and Bio-C Sealer. Root canal filling was then accomplished with a vertical compaction technique. Patients presenting with an unintentional extrusion of sealers (n = 13/group) were assessed for postobturation pain experience using a visual descriptor scale ranging from 0–10 at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hour and 1-week intervals after treatment. Mixed analysis of variance repeated measures were used to assess the results (α = 0.05). The extrusion rate was similar for all sealers (~12%). There was no significant difference in the postobturation pain results between the root canal sealers evaluated (P >.05). However, after the time interval of 12 hours, AH Plus (P =.04073) and Bio-C Sealer (P =.04327) demonstrated a significant reduction in pain, whereas BC Sealer did not show differences in pain intensity, even in the maximum period evaluated of 1 week (P >.05). The occurrence of unintentional apical extrusion of calcium silicate–based root canal sealers presents similar postoperative pain results compared with resin-based sealers with low-intensity pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glass ionomer cements (GIC) have been considered the top option to restore primary teeth by dentists. The most common supply forms are hand mixed and encapsulated GIC. There is a lack of information about the impact of different GIC supply forms on restoration survival. Methods: This randomized clinical trial compared the survival rate of occlusal and occlusoproximal restorations in primary molars using two glass ionomer cements versions: hand-mixed (H/M) and encapsulated (ENC) after 24 months. Children aged 3–10 years who presented dentin caries lesions in primary molars were selected at School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil. They were randomly assigned to groups: H /M (Fuji IX®, GC Europe) or ENC (Equia Fill®, GC Europe). The occurrence of restoration failure was evaluated by two blinded and calibrated examiners. The analyses were performed in Stata 13 (StataCorp, USA). To evaluate the primary outcome (restoration survival), we performed a survival analysis. Additionally an intention to treat (ITT) analysis were done at 24 months of follow-up. Cox Regression with shared frailty was performed to assess association between restoration failure and independent variables (α = 5%). Results: A total of 324 restorations were performed in 145 children. The survival for H/M group was 58.2% and 60.1% for ENC, with no difference (p = 0.738). Occlusoproximal restorations had lower survival rate when compared to occlusal ones (HR = 3.83; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The survival rate in primary molars is not influenced by the different supply forms of GIC. Also, occlusoproximal restorations present reduced performances when compared to occlusal cavities. Trial Registration: This randomized clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov on 10/15/2014 under protocol (NCT 02274142). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Furcation perforation is one of the complications that occur during endodontic treatment due to anatomical differences or iatrogenic causes. Repairing the perforation with a bio-compatible material eliminates the connection with the gingival sulcus and positively affects the prognosis. The sealing ability of the repair materials is very important and is affected by the conditions of the environment in which they are applied. Aim: To compare the sealing efficiency of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) materials used in the repair of furcation perforations in acidic and neutral environments. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was carried out in the Department of Endodontics at Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Diyarbakır, Türkiye and Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center from 10th June 2020 to 22nd July 2020. A total of 96 mandibular molars were used in the study. The specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=48). When the perforations were repaired with MTA and Biodentine materials, each group was divided into four subgroups (n=12). These subgroups were kept in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and Acetic Acid (AA) solutions for different periods of time from four or 34 days, and all groups were immersed in methylene blue solution. The dye penetration level of the divided sections was examined under a stereomicroscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Microleakage data of all groups were statistically analysed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Shapiro Wilk's and Mann-Whitney U Test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05, it was stated that there was a significant difference when p-value <0.05. Results: The short-term (4 days) microleakage level of biodentine material in the AA environment was significantly lower than that of MTA material (p-value=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the materials in terms of long-term (34 days) microleakage levels in the AA environment (p-value>0.05). The long-term microleakage level in PBS environment of biodentine material was significantly lower than that of the AA environment (p-value=0.008). Conclusion: Lower microleakage levels were observed in the neutral environment than the acid environment with both MTA and biodentine during both holding periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study presents a protocol for measurements in adults was adapted to obtain the children's data, • Additionally, presents new data for facial soft-tissue thickness in Brazilian Children, • Good reproducibility of the measurements in CBCT exams, • The proposed adaptation to the Deciduous M2 points is suitable for application. As an auxiliary method in the process of human identification, forensic facial approximation (FFA) is an important tool for identifying unknown human bodies whose remains do not present the necessary traceability to any antemortem data collection. Specific characteristics are necessary when addressing children aged between 6 and 10 years, who have little sexual differentiation and a mixed dentition. Due to the chronology of eruption of the permanent second molars in this population, it is not possible to measure facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) from specific landmarks such as supra and infra M2. The objective of this research was to report the method for measuring the average FSTT of 32 landmarks adapting the method for adults replacing the landmarks at the upper and lower second molars (Supra M2 and Infra M2) in children up to 10 years of age for a measurement using the deciduous second molars as reference. We found statistical differences for some points, considering the variables of age and sex, but with a maximum difference of 2 mm, which allows the use of a single FSTT table. The deciduous teeth can replace the reference of the thicknesses at the supra and infra M2 landmarks. In addition to the new FSTT data for children in Brazil, we concluded that the proposed adaptation to the deciduous M2 points can be applied to obtain soft-tissue data for 32 facial points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical quality of endodontic treatment can influence dental prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate radiographically the initial periapical condition and the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by endodontic residents at UEM in 2015 and 2016. After data collection and descriptive statistics, performed by two independent examiners, the Kappa coefficient was used to assess the agreement between them. The chi-square test was used to verify a possible association of sex, tooth and quality of the restoration, with the presence of a periapical lesion. Most referrals for endodontic treatment were molars (50.5%) and female patients (63.2%), with a mean age of 39.3 (± 13.3) years. Most teeth were diagnosed with pulp necrosis (44.1%), and this condition held 74% of the teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Bone rarefaction was seen mainly in molars (20%) and teeth without restorative treatments (43.5%). Chi-square test evidenced that sex (p=0.303), tooth (p=0.349) and quality of restoration (p=0.070) were not associated with the presence of periapical bone rarefaction. After finishing the 233 root canal fillings, the apical limit and condensation were satisfactory in 91% and 100% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of chronic periapical lesion was not associated with sex, tooth or quality of the restoration. The root canal fillings performed by endodontic residents was satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To compare via a split-mouth randomized clinical trial the efficacy of 1% chlorhexidine gel, calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol (Callen PMCC), and a one-visit endodontic treatment against mutans streptococci and anaerobic bacteria found in primary molars with necrotic pulps and to assess clinical success rates after 12 months. Method and Materials: Pre- and posttreatment intracanal samples were collected from 37 teeth (from 21 children) for analysis of the number of mutans streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. Clinical and radiographic criteria were analyzed to determine treatment outcome. Results: Chlorhexidine gel significantly reduced mutans streptococci levels (P = .010), whereas Callen PMCC significantly reduced the levels of anaerobic bacteria (P = .002). No differences in the reduction of mutans streptococci (P = .187) and anaerobes (P = .564) were observed between groups. The clinical success rates were 85.71% (Callen PMCC), 78.57% (chlorexidine gel), and 77.77% (one-visit treatment). Conclusion: Teeth treated with Callen PMCC presented the highest clinical success rate. The 1% chlorhexidine gel, as well as calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol, presented limited efficacy in reducing bacteria from necrotic primary root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes increase the prevalence of dental caries, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and hypomineralized primary second molars (HPSM). Material and methods: A representative population-based sample of 731 schoolchildren, 8 years of age, was randomly selected in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. MIH, HPSM, and dental caries were clinically assessed by four calibrated examiners (kappa > 0.80) using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2003) criteria, the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) index, and the Decayed, Missing, or Filled Teeth (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization (2013), respectively. The VDR rs739837 and rs2228570 polymorphisms were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations were analyzed by Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 0.05). Results: Schoolchildren with MIH presented a higher prevalence of dental caries (DMFT > 1, PR = 2.52, confidence interval = 1.60–3.97, p ≤ 0.001). No association was observed between MIH, HPSM, and dental caries, with rs739837 and rs2228570 polymorphisms. Individuals with the GT/GG genotype in rs739837 polymorphism presented a higher prevalence of MIH in molars and incisors than individuals TT (PR = 2.34, confidence interval = 1.08–5.07, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Children with MIH presented a significant higher prevalence of dental caries than children without MIH. To carry at least one G allele in rs739837 was associated to higher prevalence of MIH in molars and incisors. Clinical relevance: Our findings suggested that more severe cases with incisors affected by MIH could be associated with polymorphism in VDR gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this crossover clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Energy Regulation with Acupuncture in clinical occurrences in impacted lower third molar surgeries. The sample consisted of 22 patients with two impacted third molars, in symmetrical position; divided into two groups: Test Group (TG) with Real Energy Regulation Group and Sham Group (SG) with Acupuncture without Energy Regulation function. The extraction was performed 30 days apart. Energy flow (Ryodoraku Method) and energy regulation performed before extraction were measured. Heart Rate (HR) and Blood Pressure (BP) were evaluated before and after energy regulation and after surgery, residual edema was measured by facial measurements (angle of the mandible to tragus (A-T); angle of the mandible to labial commissure (A-LC); angle of the mandible to the wing of the nose (A-WN); angle of the mandible to the corner of the eye (A-CE); angle of the mandible to the chin (A-C); and mouth opening by the interincisal distance, before and after seven days of surgery. To quantify intraoperative bleeding (ml), blood was aspirated along with the saline solution using a portable vacuum pump adaptor. The amount of saline solution used was subtracted from the final amount of aspirated fluid. Mean of bleeding was lower in TG (p = 0.0392). There were significant differences between groups in facial distances: A-LC (p = 0.010), A-WN (p = 0.030) and A-C (p = 0.008). Energy regulation with real acupuncture was effective in reducing postoperative residual edema and intraoperative bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To define the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in Brazil since the reports ranged from 2.5% to 40.2%. Material and Methods: We studied 407 children from 7 to 14 years of age. MIH was measured using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria of 2003. Clinical data were collected by a calibrated dentist (Kappa=0.88) and included affected teeth and degree of MIH severity (mild/severe). Mild MIH cases were considered when the tooth presented demarcated opacity = 1.0mm, without any loss of structure. While severe cases were defined by teeth in which loss of structure was present, or past or current lesion that required treatment, or presence of atypical restorations. In addition, published data (nine studies) reporting MIH in Brazilians were identified, and the heterogeneity of these studies was tested (I2 index/p=0.01). Results: In the original sample studied, the majority of patients were males (55.3%; n = 225), with an average age of 10.1 years (± 2.1 years). The prevalence of MIH in this group was 14.5% (59 affected in 407), and most of the affected teeth had a mild degree of alteration (77.4% or 202 in 261 teeth). Conclusion: A meta-analysis including nine published reports, and our original data showed that MIH prevalence in Brazil is 13.48 (95% CI, 8.66% -18.31%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite resin restorations have been shown to be functionally reliable and esthetically acceptable to patients, primarily due to improvements in their chemicophysical characteristics. Nevertheless, clinical limitations, such as marginal discoloration, disadaptation, and microleakage, are observed in some patients with these restorations. The choice of treatment pursued to repair such restorations depends primarily on the analysis of the compromised restoration with regard to these aforementioned imperfections. The most common procedures invoked to treat compromised restorations include resurfacing, repairing the restoration with or without the use of surface sealants, and completely replacing the compromised restoration. This case report describes the proper implementation of a simple technique, known as composite resin posterior restoration, that yields a satisfactory outcome for patients who have been characterized with these clinical limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to discuss an alternative treatment for adult patients who have a dental or skeletal Class III relationship. A 20-year-old woman presented with a dental and skeletal Class III relationship and a transverse maxillary deficiency. Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion was followed by maxillary protraction with a face mask and orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise technique. At the end of treatment, a Class I molar and canine relationship was attained with an adequate transverse intercuspation and improvement of the patient's facial profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carolocoutoia ferigoloi is one of the largest metatherians of the Itaboraí fauna (Early Eocene, Southeastern Brazil). It was originally identified from a single upper molar with a markedly bunodont crown, wrinkled enamel, and a robust protocone. Here, we describe a nearly complete right dentary of C. ferigoloi with the alveoli of the premolars and first lower molar, a very worn second lower molar, complete third and fourth lower molars, and a right second upper molar. Carolocoutoia differs from other protodidelphids in having inflated, conical trigonid cusps, a more flattened entoconid, a developed entocristid, and a supernumerary cusp labial to the entoconid. Carolocoutoia was recovered in our phylogenetic analysis as the sister taxon of Protodidelphis), since both share the presence of an anteriorly recurved dentary, wrinkled enamel, and a sinuous crest between stylar cusps B and D. The inflated, conical trigonid cusps of Carolocoutoia represent an evolutionary convergence with other South American Paleogene mammals, such as some ungulates, and the polydolopimorphian Roberthoffstetteria. We also present the second record of a pathology (molar extrusion) in a metatherian from Itaboraí. Based on its molar crown morphology, Carolocoutoia ferigoloi was a specialized frugivorous metatherian. The occurrence of a specialized frugivorous protodidelphid in the Itaboraí fauna is in line with the well-established increase in global temperatures and the expansion of tropical forests after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (around 55.5–55.3 million years ago). • The jaw and lower molars of Carolocoutoia ferigoloi are presented. • Carolocoutoia ferigoloi was a specialized frugivore. • Carolocoutoia ferigoloi was the second largest didelphimorphian known so far. • The second record of paleopathology (molar extrusion) in an Itaboraian metatherian is presented. • The first detailed comparison between the dentition and jaw of large bunodont metatherians and Eocene ungulates is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying patients with high levels of DA helps to define the most adequate oral healthcare strategy, especially for pediatric patients. Aim: To investigate the association between parental reports of dental anxiety (DA) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren. Design: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 731 8‐year‐old schoolchildren from the city of Curitiba, Brazil, who were clinically examined (k ≥ 0.75) for the diagnosis of MIH and dental caries using the EAPD criteria and dmft/DMFT index, respectively. Parents/guardians reported children's DA using the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) and answered a self‐administered structured questionnaire addressing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Associations were evaluated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance (P < 0.05). Results: A significant association was found between DA and MIH (PR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01‐1.42; P = 0.038), but this association lost its significance when adjusted for the other characteristics (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 0.93‐1.38; P = 0.215). Caries experience in primary teeth was associated with lower levels of DA (PR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.71‐0.96; P = 0.0013). The most recent visit to the dentist due to pain increased the levels of DA (PR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07‐1.30; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of MIH in schoolchildren was not associated with parental reports of DA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the internal configuration of the maxillary molars of a population from the Northeast region of Brazil. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams from 512 patients (1501 teeth) were evaluated regarding the anatomical configuration of the root canal system, according to Vertucci's classification. The images were obtained using a Prexion 3D scanner operating at 90 kVp and 4 mA. The voxel size was 0.125 mm and the cut thickness was 1 mm. The images were then analyzed in the Prexion 3D Viewer software. The data were analyzed statistically by Pearson's chi-square test, with 5% of significance. The first and second molars presented three roots in 99.14% and 87.27% of the cases, respectively. In relation to the number of canals, the first and second molars had a significantly higher frequency of three and four root canals respectively, presenting a higher prevalence of types I and II (p < 0.001). The second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was observed in 48.21% and 22.72% of the first and second molars, respectively (p < 0.001). The identification of the MB2 canal was greater in young and adult patients (p < 0.001), presenting a higher prevalence in male patients (p < 0.001). The internal configuration of the MB root was influenced by gender and by age, presenting a higher prevalence of the MB2 in male patients younger than 50 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence regarding the impact of premature loss of primary molars on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is lacking. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of premature loss of primary molars in schoolchildren and its impact on OHRQoL. Design: We randomly selected 667 children aged 8‐9 years enrolled in public and private schools from Aracaju (Brazil). The presence of untreated dental caries and early loss of primary molars were recorded, and its impacts on OHRQoL evaluated using Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8‐10). Influence of some variables on tooth loss and OHRQoL was assessed by multilevel Poisson's regression analysis (P < 0.05). Results: The prevalence for early tooth loss was 65.4% (95% confidence interval 51.1%‐77.3%). Children with untreated dental caries and attending public schools presented higher prevalence of early tooth loss. Moreover, early loss of primary molars provoked negative impact on OHRQoL considering total score of CPQ8‐10 and domains "oral symptoms," "functional limitations" and "emotional well‐being." Children presenting early teeth loss presented significantly higher scores of CPQ8‐10, as well as females and children with dental caries in other teeth. Conclusions: The prevalence of early loss of primary molars is high, and it impacts the OHRQoL of children aged 8‐9 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: This population‐based longitudinal study investigated the incidence, progression and risk factors for dental erosion among South Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Eight hundred and one schoolchildren attending 42 public and private schools were clinically examined at 12 years of age; clinical examinations were repeated after 2.5 years (SD=0.3). After tooth cleaning and drying, permanent incisors and first molars were classified using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) scoring criteria. Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio‐demographic characteristics, dietary habits, toothbrushing frequency and general health. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between dental erosion incidence and explanatory variables, with adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% CI estimated. Results: Among those who did not have dental erosion at baseline, 49 of 680 schoolchildren (7.1%; 95% CI=5.2‐9.1) developed erosive lesions over the follow‐up period. Among schoolchildren who had dental erosion at baseline, 31 of 121 (25.4%; 95% CI=17.6‐33.3) had new or more severe lesions. Boys were more likely to develop dental erosion than girls (IRR=1.88; 95% CI=1.06‐3.32). Conclusions: A moderate incidence of dental erosion was observed among South Brazilian adolescents, with boys being at higher risk. The high progression rate of 25% observed here is very concerning, and it should be taken in consideration when designing preventive strategies for dental erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The second canal of the mesiobuccal root (MB2) of the maxillary first molars (MFM) is difficult to detect in conventional radiographs and can be a major cause of failure in endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and anatomy of the MB2 by using high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods and Materials: Three radiologists examined 414 high-resolution CBCTs. Of these, the CBCTs of 287 patients (mean age 49.43±16.76) who had at least one MFM were selected, making a total of 362 teeth. Prevalence and its relation with gender and age of the patients, side of the tooth, and Vertucci’s classification were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed (P<0.05). Results: A total of 68.23% of the teeth exhibited the MB2. The presence of the MB2 was equivalent in both genders and significantly higher in younger patients. There was no correlation between the presence of the MB2 in relation to both the sides of the MFM and the FOV size. Smaller FOV recognized higher Vertucci’s grades. Conclusions: It was concluded that the prevalence of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars in this Brazilian population examined with high-resolution CBTCs is 68.23%, being more prevalent in young patients. Gender and the side examined are no factors for determining the presence of MB2. Although the both FOVs of the high-resolution CBTCs (FOV 8 and 5) detect the MB2 canal, smaller FOV (FOV 5) is more accurate in the analysis of the internal anatomy of such root canals, according to the Vertucci´s classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a 3-year cost-effectiveness analysis on the cavitated dentine carious lesion preventive capabilities of composite resin (CR) (reference group) and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (HVGIC) sealants compared to supervised toothbrushing (STB) in high-risk first permanent molars. School children aged 6-7 years in 6 schools (2 per group) received CR and ART/HVGIC sealants or STB daily for 180 days each school year. Data were collected prospectively and cost estimates were made for sample data and a projection of 1,000 sealants/STB high-risk permanent molars. Although STB had the best outcome, its high implementation cost (95% of cost for supervisors visiting schools 180 days/school year) affected the results. ART/HVGIC was cost-effective compared to CR for the sample data (savings of USD 37 per cavitated dentine carious lesion prevented), while CR was cost-effective compared to ART/HVGIC for the projection (savings of USD 17 per cavitated dentine carious lesion prevented), and both were cost-saving compared to STB. Two STB scenarios were tested in sensitivity analyses with variations in caries incidence and number of supervision days; results showed STB had lower costs and higher savings per cavitated dentine carious lesion prevented than CR and ART/HVGIC. A major assumption is that both scenarios have the same high effectiveness rate experienced by STB under study conditions; however, they point to the value of further research on the benefits of adopting STB as a long-term venture in a general population of school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To verify the influence of prominent mandibular tori on the functioning of the stomatognathic system.Methods: The participants included 40 individuals, divided into two groups: those with mandibular tori (GI group: 20 subjects) and those without mandibular tori (GII group: 20 subjects). The authors used the Myosystem-Br1 electromyography system to analyze electromyographic (EMG) activity. For muscle thickness, images of the masseter and temporalis muscles were captured using the NanoMaxx ultrasound. The maximal molar bite force was obtained by means of the Kratos digital dynamometer.Results: The EMG activity was higher in the masseter muscles in the GI group, compared with the GII group, in all clinical conditions assessed except for the mandibular at rest. In dynamic conditions, this higher EMG activity was also observed in the temporalis muscles. The GI group presented significantly less temporalis muscle thickness than seen in the GII group. The maximal bite force was significantly higher in the GI group.Conclusions: Mandibular tori promoted morphological and functional changes in the stomatognathic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Failed restorations in primary teeth are not always re-restored. Is re-restoration not required anymore? Objective To compare survival rates of primary molars with intact and defective amalgam and ART restorations. Methods A total of 649 restored primary molars, of which 162 were assessed with defective restorations for mechanical reasons, from a cluster-randomised controlled clinical trial, were followed up over a period of 3.5 years. Restored primary molars, extracted because of dental sepsis or toothache, were considered a failure. Primary molars with defective restorations were followed up from the time they were assessed defective. Data were analysed using PHREG model with frailty correction, Wald test, t-test, and jackknife procedure. Results The survival rate of primary molars with intact restorations (96.3%) was statistically significantly higher than that of primary molars with defective restorations (75.9%) over a 3-year period ( P < 0.0001). Neither the effect of treatment protocol (amalgam or ART) ( P = 0.05) nor the type of surface (single or multiple) ( P = 0.73) was observed with respect to the survival rate of restored primary molars. Conclusions Survival rates for primary molars with intact and defective amalgam and ART restorations were high. The 3-year survival rate of primary molars with intact restorations was significantly higher than that of primary molars with defective restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the endotoxin levels in root canals of primary teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions; and (2) to evaluate the correlation of endotoxin levels with the periapical lesion size. Methods: Twenty primary molars with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions were selected. Standardized radiographs were obtained and the lesions were measured. Material from each root canal was collected to quantify the bacterial endotoxin. The results were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, student's t test, and Fisher's exact test (α equals five percent). Results: The initial amount of bacterial endotoxin in the root canals ranged from 0.089 to greater than 50.00 endotoxin units (EU)/mL and was detected in 100 percent of the samples. A positive but not significant correlation was observed between the amount of endotoxin and periapical lesion size in primary molars. Conclusion: Endotoxin was observed in 100 percent of root canals of primary teeth with a periapical lesion. However, there was no statistical significance between bacterial endotoxin levels and the periapical lesion area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The high-viscosity consistency of glass ionomer cement (GIC) contributes to its inappropriate adaptation, while the material's premature exposure to humidity decreases its mechanical properties. This study's purposes were to: (1) investigate approximal atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations' survival in primary molars using two different insertion techniques and two surface protection materials; and (2) compare the results of cities where treatments were performed.Methods: A total of 389 six- to seven-year-olds were selected from two cities in Brazil and randomly assigned into four groups: (1) ART restorations plus petroleum jelly (PJ); (2) bilayer-ART restorations plus PJ; (3) ART restorations plus nanofilled coating for GIC (NC); (4) bilayer-ART restorations plus NC. Restorations were evaluated after one, six, 12, 18, and 24 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis were performed.Results: Restorations' cumulative survival was 46.4 percent. There was a higher survival of bilayer-ART restorations (P=0.03). No difference was observed between surface protection materials (P=0.57). Restorations made in Barueri were almost 2.5-fold more likely to survive than those from Recife (P<0.001).Conclusions: The bilayer technique improves approximal ART restorations' survival in primary molars. The nanofilled coating does not influence restorations' survival rate, and the city where treatments were performed influences restoration survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children and possible factors associated with this disorder.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 594 11- to 14-year-olds from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The diagnosis of MIH was made based on criteria set by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. To investigate possible associated factors, mothers completed a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher tests and Poisson regression (PR) were performed.Results: The prevalence of MIH was 18.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI] equals 15.20 to 21.50). The maxillary molars were the teeth most affected by MIH (36.1 percent). MIH patients showed a higher number of mean DMF-T (PR equals 2.18; 95 percent CI equals 1.46 to 2.85) than those not affected by the condition. There was an association between MIH and preterm birth (PR equals 1.76; 95 percent CI equals 1.22 to 2.12) and between MIH and respiratory distress at birth (PR equals 1.83; 95 percent CI equals 1.25 to 2.18).Conclusions: The prevalence of MIH in schoolchildren was 18.4 percent. Those with MIH had a greater mean DMF-T than those without MIH. Preterm birth and respiratory distress were associated with MIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The resin-based pit and fissure sealant is considered a successful tool in caries prevention, however there is a growing evidence of its use in controlling already established caries in posterior teeth. The aim of this clinical trial is to verify the efficacy of pit and fissure sealants in arresting dentinal caries lesions compared to partial excavation and restorative treatment in primary molar teeth. Methods Thirty six patients with occlusal cavitated primary molar reaching outer half of dentin were selected. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: sealant application (experimental group - n = 17) and restoration with composite resin (control group - n = 19). Clinical and radiograph evaluation were performed after 6, 12 and 18 months. The chi-square test was used to verify the distribution of characteristics variables of the sample among the groups. The survival rate of treatments was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank test. Fishe's Exact and logistic regression tests were calculated in each evaluation period (α = 5%). Results The control group showed significantly better clinical survival after 18 months (p = 0.0025). In both groups, no caries progression was registered on the radiographic evaluations. Conclusions Sealing had similar efficacy in the arrestment of caries progression of cavitated occlusal lesions compared to partial excavation of the lesions, even though the frequency of retreatments was significantly higher in sealed lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of chronic consumption of Cachaça on alveolar bone loss (BL) induced by ligature and on alveolar bone density (BD) in peripubertal rats. Design: Male Wistar rats were assigned into one of the following groups: Control: non-ingestion of Cachaça (n =15); Cachaça: ingestion of ascending concentrations of Cachaça during 100 days (n =15). 70th day after the beginning of Cachaça ingestion, one first mandibular molar received a ligature while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. After 30 days, the rats were killed. BL, BD, the positive cells for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed in the furcation area of the ligated and unligated mandibular molars. Results: The Cachaça group presented greater BL (0.75±0.1mm2 for Cachaça and 0.66±0.1mm2 for control group, respectively) and number of RANKL and OPG+ cells and lower BD (60.3±4.2% for Cachaça and 76.8±3.8% for control group, respectively) and number of TRAP+ cells around ligated teeth (p <0.05), when compared to the control group. The Cachaça group (0.42±0.02mm2) also presented a higher BL around unligated teeth when compared to control group (0.31±0.05mm2). Conclusions: Cachaça consumption per se and in the presence of ligature negatively affects alveolar bone by increasing the alveolar BL and reducing BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odonto Ciencia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 459-466 Aim. This in vitro study aimed to test the performance of fluorescence-based methods in detecting occlusal caries lesions in primary molars compared to conventional methods. Design. Two examiners assessed 113 sites on 77 occlusal surfaces of primary molars using three fluorescence devices: DIAGNOdent (LF), DIAGNOdent pen (LFpen), and fluorescence camera (VistaProof-FC). Visual inspection (ICDAS) and radiographic methods were also evaluated. One examiner repeated the evaluations after one month. As reference standard method, the lesion depth was determined after sectioning and evaluation in stereomicroscope. The area under the ROC curve (Az), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the methods were calculated at enamel (D1) and dentine caries (D3) lesions thresholds. The intra and interexaminer reproducibility were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics. Results. At D1, visual inspection presented higher sensitivities (0.97-0.99) but lower specificities (0.18-0.25). At D3, all the methods demonstrated similar performance (Az values around 0.90). Visual and radiographic methods showed a slightly higher specificity (values higher than 0.96) than the fluorescence based ones (values around 0.88). In general, all methods presented high reproducibility (ICC higher than 0.79). Conclusions. Although fluorescence-based and conventional methods present similar performance in detecting occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth, visual inspection alone seems to be sufficient to be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odonto Ciencia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To evaluate the clinical status of permanent first molars and associations with dental caries, gingival bleeding, dental fluorosis and malocclusion. Methods: An observational study was carried out in a rural community denominated Morro do Saboó in the city of São Roque, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 194 children aged seven to ten years were examined for dental caries using the index proposed by the World Health Organization. Other conditions were determined using the Gingival Alterations Index, Dean's Index and Dental Aesthetic Index. The chi-squared test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: A total of 85.5% of the sample exhibited gingival bleeding and 69.9% exhibited malocclusion. A total of 53.6% had a clinical aspect of normality with regard to dental fluorosis. There was a predominance of sound teeth in the upper arch and teeth with carious lesions in the lower arch. No significant differences were found between sexes regarding gingival bleeding, dental fluorosis or malocclusion. Significant associations were found between tooth status and oral alterations (gingival bleeding, malocclusion and fluorosis) in teeth 16, 26 and 46 and between tooth status and gingival bleeding in tooth 36 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Caries activity in the permanent first molars was mainly associated with dental fluorosis and malocclusion. Strategies aimed at health promotion should be adopted on a large scale to minimize the prevalence of oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odonto Ciencia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: A large set of South American fossils belonging to the genus Tapirus has been described on the basis of differences in size and proportions of lower molariform teeth. Nevertheless, the reliability of dental proportions for the diagnosis of fossil tapir species is controversial. In this paper, we describe new fossil material of Tapirus from the Quaternary of Serra da Bodoquena, Southwestern Brazil, comparing it to other fossil and extant specimens of the genus by means of multivariate morphometric analyses of lower molariform teeth linear dimensions. The results of Principal Component Analyses indicate that some of the extant and extinct material attributed to Tapirus fall within the range of variation in size and proportions of lower molariform teeth exhibited by recent species of the genus. Therefore, part of the fossil material attributed to new species or to Tapirus sp. may be referable to the extant species Tapirus terrestris. We conclude that the sole use of lower molariform teeth size and proportions to erect new species of Tapirus may not be reliable, and therefore we advocate caution when describing fossil tapirs exclusively based on these criteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]