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This paper seeks to investigate how, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the work proposals directed by the government unfolded in the pedagogical practices of basic education teachers in Paraná/Brazil in emergency remote teaching. For that, the case study was used as a method, with a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data. The qualitative analysis of the regulations took place through descending hierarchical classification (CHD), word cloud generator and similitude analysis, as well as through the descriptive analysis of the data from the application of a questionnaire to 78 basic education teachers. The results showed a gap between the main regulations issued by the federal and state public authorities that affect basic education in Paraná in the emergency period due to COVID-19 and the teaching practice of teachers, as well as the problems faced in the pedagogical/administrative support that these teachers received. Finally, the information presented in this study proved to be significant to understand the complexity of the educational problems that were intensified and others that emerged, due to remote teaching.

The blue shark is a highly migratory species with a worldwide distribution, making it susceptible to multiple fishing fleets across the globe. In southern Brazil, it is an important target, comprising up to 40% of the total biomass landed by the commercial surface longline fleet. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the species uses the region and to update its life‐history information available for future assessments. Over five consecutive years (2018–2022) of landings and onboard monitoring, we gathered size data and vertebral samples to describe the species size composition in the region, as well as its seasonal and interannual variability and to update estimated life‐history parameters. The results showed that southern Brazil is mainly inhabited by large juvenile males that arrive during winter (July–September) and stay until spring (October–December), when their frequency decreases. Small adult males are present throughout the year but in higher frequencies during summer. A small number of adult females are present with higher frequencies during spring and summer, which decreases during the austral autumn and winter. Some variability in the presence of each life stage was observed among years. The estimated life‐history parameters were as follows: L∞: 255.02 cm fork length (FL), k: 0.20, L0:35.68 cm FL for males; L∞: 246.47 cm FL, k: 0.23, L0:36.77 cm FL for females; and L∞: 269.58 cm FL, k: 0.18, L0:36.19 cm FL for pooled sexes. However, the estimated values must be cautiously interpreted, as the obtained samples cannot be construed as representative of the entire harvested stock due to the lack of consistent presence of some life stages in the study region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butia spp. is a palm tree native to southern Brazil and Uruguay. The fruits are consumed fresh and used to make many food products, while the leaves are commonly used to make crafts. In January 2018, severe symptoms of wilt and drying were identified in clusters of Butia odorata occurring on the leaf and the rachis (in a proportion of 50% of leaf area). The pathogen was isolated from a stump extracted from a symptomatic tree. The morphologic characters showed a presence of macroconidia and microconidia with a classic salmon color of some species of the Fusarium genus. The molecular identification of the locus of actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), factor elongation 1-alpha (TEF1) and histone (HIS3), confirmed the identity of Fusarium anthophilum. This finding will help growers and agronomists prevent and manage this disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium antophilum causing disease in Butia odorata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines petitions from enslaved people in Brazil to Portuguese monarchs during the eighteenth century, bookended by the end of the Palmares quilombo (fugitive slave community) and the Haitian Revolution. The royal petitioning system provided subjects of Portugal's empire the avenue to appeal for private justice, commonly referred to as grace. In addition to their activity in civil courts, enslaved people appropriated this appeals system to press monarchs to affirm their limited rights to manumission. This article offers a genealogy of these petitions, concluding that enslaved petitioners in Brazil transformed appeals for private justice into a broader customary right to self-purchase. Portuguese monarchs and judges recognized, if only tacitly, that enslaved people could pursue the recourse of changing slave owners if they were subjected to sevícias (cruelty and excessive punishment). Under this practice, slave owners found to practice sevícias were reimbursed for their 'loss' if their slave was sold against their will. Enslaved people expanded this practice by offering their own funds for freedom to reimburse their master, thereby escaping enslavement and avoiding sale to a new owner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents results of a research about the infl uence of a teaching phonological awareness skills and grapheme phoneme correspondences program and its impact over adults and young people who where in diff erent stages of learning skills acquirement proposed by Linnea Ehri. Nine students, from an early literacy class at a Youth and Adult Education Center in the city of Rio do Sul - SC - Brazil, were subjects of this study. The intervention research, methodologically applied, was the application of a teaching program which aimed to contribute to the development of the aforementioned skills and knowledge, and two assessments applied at the program beginning and when fi nishing. The qualitative and quantitative analysis data results found shows that after the intervention the research subjects experienced a performance boost on phonological awareness skills, graphemes recognition and reading at all learning stages, especially those who were in transition from the partial alphabetic phase to the alphabetic phase complete. These results suggest that pedagogical practices that promote the graphophonemic correspondences and the phonological awareness development, especially phonemic awareness teaching, can be benefi cial for the reading in young people and adults in the early literacy development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The black rice and red rice varieties cultivated in Brazil are rich in dietary fibres, proteins, and phenolic compounds with great antioxidant potential, being a promising alternative for the production of healthy gluten‐free snacks. In this study, pigmented rice flours and their respective extrudates were characterised for the nutrient profile, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, technological properties and colour aspects, and the results were compared through heat map analysis. Black rice snacks presented better nutrient and phenolic profiles, while the red rice snacks stood out for the expansion and texture properties. Both breakfast cereals were nutritive, gluten‐free, hypoallergenic, naturally coloured (no need to add artificial colorants) and presented good sensory acceptance, with the higher scores for the attributes shape, size, colour and crispness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish ultrasound reference values for thyroid volumes in children up to 3 years of age, given that ultrasound of the thyroid is an essential examination in the diagnosis of childhood thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in an iodine-sufficient city in southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 healthy children underwent clinical evaluation, anthropometric examination, and cervical ultrasound in accordance with conventional protocols. We evaluated characteristics such as echotexture, thyroid lobe volume, and total thyroid volume. The children were divided into five groups, by age: < 2 months; 2-12 months; 12-18 months; 18-24 months; and 24-36 months. Results: The mean thyroid volume was lower in the < 2 month age group than in the other groups (0.4 mL vs. 0.18-0.70 mL; p < 0.001). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, the mean volume was 1.0 mL (range, 0.30-2.0 mL). No other significant differences were observed between groups, thyroid lobes, or gender. However, body mass index correlated significantly with total thyroid volume (r = 0.347; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The mean thyroid dimensions were smallest in the < 2 month age group (0.35 ± 0.16 mL). For the subjects between 2 and 36 months of age, a reference value of 0.85 ± 0.42 mL can be used. Our data could guide the diagnostic investigation of thyroid disease, especially congenital hypothyroidism, in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we intend to discuss the discursive practices conveyed by news sites, between government and indigenous peoples, in the struggle for the Territory in the current Brazilian political scenario. For this, we approach the senses of being Indian in Brazil, in other words, the indigenous (trans) formation of identity, as well as certain discursive practices involving the indigenous, in the middle of the national political debate about the (non) demarcation and exploitation of indigenous lands. Authors such as Maher (1998, 2007), Cuche (2002), Bakhtin (2003), Bakhtin e Volochinov (2006), Stuart Hall (2015), among others, guide the discussion about identity and culture. Situated in the 'Discourse Analysis', we base the notion of discourse on a Foucaultian perspective (Foucault, 1995; 2007; 2014), in order to problematize the power relations between government and indigenous populations. What we realize is that in the power struggle, in resistance movements, indigenous identity is affirmed and sustained, strengthening, more and more, the sense of being Indian. Discourse analysts, who try to show the contradictions and problematize the evidence of meaning, have a duty to contribute to more efficient discursive practices in the struggle against hegemonic discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a brief historical contextualization of the trajectory of youth and adult education (YAE) in Brazil, with the aim of reflecting on the conceptions that underpinned public policies and that still have implications for the educational scenario of this modality. For this, a bibliographic/documentary research was carried out, analyzed in the light of the theoretical assumptions that generate the research in this field of study. It is understood that throughout the history of education, public policies for YAE have been discontinuous and fragmented, not being a priority for governments, which has had profound marks on this modality and its students. YAE is part of a complex political field, with several peculiarities and which, despite having presented countless advances over the decades, has been threatened by regressive public policies that seriously compromise everyone's right to education. Public policies for YAE need to be built from a broad reflection, not only in terms of education, but in its social, economic and cultural context as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Large-scale testing and evaluation of network solutions are complex and typically involve multiple domains (e.g., optical, wireless, and cloud). The FUTEBOL project has deployed geographically distributed testbeds in Brazil and Europe that enable the experimentation and validation of new cross-domain network solutions. In this article, we introduce a control framework that allows experimenters to slice, reserve, and orchestrate optical, wireless, and cloud resources in a coordinated manner. We illustrate the features of our control framework and evaluate it through an experiment involving resource orchestration and automatic service scaling across multiple domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of Transepithelial Crosslinking (CXL) by analyzing its efficacy in patients with progressive keratoconus. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study with 49 eyes and 37 patients aged 10 to 50 years submitted to the CXL technique in 2017 at the Instituto Panamericano da Visão, in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The Avedro KXL system was programmed in pulsed mode with interval (1/1 second), using 45 mW/cm² with 7.2 J and 0.25% riboflavin solution of Avedro with irradiated corneas for 8 minutes. Data were collected: sex, age, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), astigmatism, pachymetry at the thinnest point and keratometric astigmatism in the preoperative and postoperative periods at 1, 6 and 12 months. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson’s Chi-square, Friedman, Dunnett, and the Spearman correlation were used. Results: Twenty-three patients (62.2%) were female and 14 (37.8%) male. The mean age was 27.89 ± 10.89 years. The UDVA and CDVA significantly improved in the preoperative period in relation to 1 month (p = 0.01) and (p <0.001), 6 months (p <0.001 both) and 12 months (p <0.001 both). Astigmatism significantly reduced preoperatively in relation to 6 months (p = 0.02) and 12 months (p = 0.02). The pachymetry at the thinnest point remained constant in the period (p = 0.95). The difference between k2 and k1 (keratometric astigmatism) showed a significant reduction in the preoperative period in relation to 1 month (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The CXL technique was safe and effective in the treatment and stagnation of the disease in patients with progressive keratoconus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian production of citrus fruits is of great importance and the consumer market is quite demanding. Despite of this market, there are very few commercial varieties available and the information on them is insufficient. The objective of this work was to evaluate 26 varieties of tangerine, in order to identify early or late varieties, in relation to ‘Ponkan’, that can be used for “in natura” consumption and as raw material for the Juice and Drug industries. The varieties were harvested at ripening stage, considered the ideal stage for commercialization. The tangerines’ pH, titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids (SS) content, ratio SS/TA, vitamin C content, and total extractable polyphenols, total antioxidant activity, number of seeds, juice yield, and peel color were evaluated. In addition, the characterization of the organic compounds, obtained from extracts analyzed by mass spectrometry, were conducted using electrospray ionization (ESI) technique. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, the data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Scott-Knott test. The tangerines ‘Clemenules’, ‘Tangor Robson’, ‘Imazu Ponkan’ and ‘Nankan 20’ are alternatives to ‘Ponkan’ for “in natura” consumption. However ‘Dekopon’ and ‘Ortanique’ are qualified for industry. The tangerines 'Clementina x Murcott' and 'Clementina Palazelli' present in their peel chemical profiles that must be studied and can be exploited by pharmacological sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management / Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem em Foco is the property of Conselho Federal de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT This study reveals five critical areas that Brazil's sugarcane-based ethanol industry could capitalize on to incorporate sustainability into their firms' strategies. The emergent theoretical framework represents a starting point for further investigations aimed at integrating the sustainability construct and strategies for the industry. A growing body of literature calls for strategic management to adapt to complex and ever-changing environments and sustainability trends. For many firms in developing economies, sustainability remains isolated from mainstream strategy, resulting in reactive approaches on the part of management. A qualitative research method - grounded theory - was used to induct from data. Five themes emerged from the analysis providing guidance on where sustainability-related strategies ought to begin. This research posits that existing sectoral innovation systems could be used to channel sustainability-driven innovations. In addition, a combination of public and private efforts to foster innovations based on the emergent themes could increase the value of industry under study, while lessening its social and environmental footprint. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectobacteriu,n species cause disease worldwide in many crop and ornamental plants, including potato. A new Pectobacteriu,n subspecies, P carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis was recently described in Brazil and later found in the United States, Israel, and South Africa. Its virulence traits and host range remain unknown. A comparison of three taxa commonly found on potato showed that both P carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and subsp. brasiliensis are more aggressive in causing tuber and stem soft rot than P atrosepticum. Also, despite bacterial growth inhibition in vitro of P carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P atrosepticum strains by P carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis, this new subspecies and P carorovorum subsp. carotovorurn are able to co-colonize in the same infected tissue. Both subspecies were motile in lesions. Pathogenesis assays showed that host ranges of all three overlap, but are not identical. The host ranges of individual strains of P carobvorum subsp. carotovorum and subsp. brasiliensis are limited, whereas P atrosepticum can macerate many plant species in addition to potato. There was high variability in virulence assays with potato tuber; thus physiological factors were investigated. Tuber size, maturity, and field location had significant effects on susceptibility to soft rot, with larger, more mature tubers being more susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite nutritional claims and other advantages that parboiled rice possesses, its consumption is still low in Brazil mainly because of the local preference for milled rice. In the first part of this study, the acceptability of five commercial brands of parboiled and milled rice was assessed by 100 consumers and similar acceptance levels were observed, evidencing that consumers might not reject parboiled rice for its sensory properties. In the second part, 286 consumers were surveyed about their eating habits and attitude towards rice, focusing especially the nutritional value, sensory and convenience aspects of parboiled rice. In the survey 35% of the respondents were unaware of parboiled rice. Cluster analysis performed on data grouped consumers in one segment with positive attitude and in two other segments with negative attitude towards parboiled rice. Segmentation was mainly because of negative beliefs about the sensory characteristics of the product, although its nutritional claims were unknown to most respondents, revealing the need of marketing efforts focused on informing consumers the health benefits and convenience of eating parboiled rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the history of interdisciplinary environmental education and its perspectives in light of 21st century socio-environmental problems. The United Nations has an ambiguous role in promoting international congresses on environmental protection, two of which took place in Brazil. Ambiguity was demonstrated in the discussions involving the terms "sustainable development and divergence of the ideas discussed during the Rio 92 and Eco-Forum conferences in Brazil. The article highlights environmental problems in developing countries and the importance of more effective environmental education proposals.

Identifies the association of the presence of ticks and domestic dogs in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Degree of infestations; Hemolymph tests of the ticks; Detection of rickettsial or Borrelia bacteria.

The article focuses on the development of communication discipline in Brazil. It states that there are 45 University Departments and Superior Schools in the country which have communication teaching programs. It mentions several cultural phenomenon that shows development of the mass communication industry including the increased in number of books related to communication, expansion of mass media topics, and the increased in amount of meetings, seminars, and symposiums regarding communication. It adds that research work is needed in helping modernization without destroying the national cultural patterns and ensuring equal distribution of social benefits produced by the development process.

This paper presents a test of intermodal interaction between coaches and airlines in Brazil in order to check for the efficacy of recent liberalization measures designed to promote competition in both industries. Interstate travel service in the country is heavily provided by coaches, and the system is fully operated by the private sector under public delegation through permits and authorizations. Agency-based regulation was introduced in 2002 along with a price cap regime aimed at enhancing the flexibility to change fares in response to demand and cost conditions. By making use of a reaction function-based model of coach operators' pricing decisions in the interstate travel market, we then estimate the sensitivity of the changes in coach fares to the changes in airline fares in a simultaneous-equation framework. Intermodal interaction among coach operators and airlines is found to be highly significant and probably due to the competition for a small but increasing set of premium, quality-sensitive, coach passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Extracts from various organs of 25 plants of Brazilian traditional medicine were assayed with respect to their anti-bacterial activities against Escherichia coli, a susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus and two resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus harbouring the efflux pumps NorA and MsrA. Amongst the 49 extracts studied, 14 presented anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including the ethanolic extracts from the rhizome of Jatropha elliptica, from the stem barks of Schinus terebinthifolius and Erythrina mulungu, from the stems and leaves of Caesalpinia pyramidalis and Serjania lethalis, and from the stem bark and leaves of Lafoensia pacari. The classes of compounds present in the active extracts were determined as a preliminary step towards their bioactivity-guided separation. No extracts were active against Escherichia coli. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present work aims to compare the chemical composition of commercial samples of brown, parboiled brown, parboiled milled and milled rice, and the contribution of each mineral to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The chemical composition was determined according to official methods and an inductively coupled plasma-based technique was used to analyse the minerals. The results showed protein (N×5.7) and crude fat contents in all rice forms similar to literature data with some differences in ash contents, mainly between milled samples. Parboiled milled rice showed 18% ash enrichment in comparison with milled rice, and higher contents of K and P. Lower contents of Mn, Ca and Zn were observed, even though contents of other nutritionally important elements were basically similar to milled rice. The brown rice analysed showed concentrations of P, Mn and Na lower than those reported in literature, indicating the usefulness of selecting nutritionally promising varieties for commercial production. Se, Mn, Cu and Zn, reaching 35% of the RDA, depending on the element and the form of rice, presented the highest nutritional contribution. Macroelements, which are the most affected by parboiling and milling, showed a low contribution to the RDA in all forms of rice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the main contagious mastitis agents in cattle and can express a set of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence-associated genes that explain the wide range of outcomes of intramammary infections. Staphylococcus aureus strains are heterogeneous: their different resistance and virulence patterns, associated with host-level factors and treatment factors, are related to the severity of infection. The aim of this study was to determine phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility, occurrence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes and other virulence genes in 93 S. aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis in 6 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Italy, the United States (New York State), and South Africa. These isolates were tested against a total of 16 drugs (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefquinome, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, rifampin, spiramycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tylosin) by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and examined for the presence of 6 antibiotic-resistance genes (blaZ, mecA, mecC, ermA, ermB, ermC) and 6 virulence-associated genes (scn, chp, sak, hla, hlb, sea) via PCR analysis. The phenotypic results of this study revealed the presence of 19.4% penicillin-resistant strains, whereas 22.6% of the strains were classified as having resistance (5.4%) or intermediate resistance (17.2%) to erythromycin. Most (96.8%) of the isolates were inhibited by cephalosporins, and all were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Two strains (1 from Germany, 1 from Italy) were resistant to oxacillin and were positive for mecA. Among the other antimicrobial resistance genes, the most frequently detected was blaZ (46.2%), and 32.3% of the isolates were positive for erm genes: ermC (21.5%) and ermB (10.8%). The most prevalent virulence gene was hla (100%), followed by hlb (84.9%) and sea (65.6%). These results show a low prevalence of antibiotic multidrug resistance in S. aureus isolates, even if the detection of selected antimicrobial resistance genes did not always correspond with the occurrence of phenotypic antibiotic resistance; the immune evasion cluster gene prevalence was quite low in the samples analyzed., (Copyright © 2020 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Forty-three Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Brazil and 3 from Argentina were screened, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for various coleoptera-specific cry genes. Seven isolates produced specific and/or nonspecific DNA fragments in a PCR reaction with primers specific for two coleopteran cry genes and 4 of these produced DNA fragments with primers specific for 7 known coleopteran cry genes. These isolates showed, by electron microscopy, the presence of spherical crystals. They also showed proteins of around 70 kDa which were immunologically similar to the Cry3Aa protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. The 3 isolates from Argentina were toxic to T. molitor, and although no isolate from Brazil showed toxicity, they might show toxicity to another insect species.