Search

The writing of this article presents the importance and necessity of organizing and carrying out the indigenous cultural week as a space for knowledge, strengthening and resistance of indigenous communities in southern Brazil. The objective of this theoretical bibliographic and autoethnographic research, contextualizes the need to give voice and visibility to the more than 40 thousand Kaingang people of the South, seeking through the cultural weeks to show how important it is to respect the existing diversity in these lands. One of the most remarkable events of the cultural week is the recognition and identification of the Kamé and Kanhru clan moieties or marks, they are presence and movement, both in rituals, dances, food collection and family organization. In this writing dynamic, we want to expand the reach of dissemination and show the potential that cultural movements have in defense of the rights and values of indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to briefly present some aspects of the noun classification systems of Akwẽ-Xerente (Jê), an indigenous language spoken in Central Brazil. We suggest that the semantic basis of Xerente noun classes is dependent on a knowledge of traditional myths and cultural beliefs, specifically the moieties system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Safety, efficacy and quality assessment of B. pinnatum herbal medicines are needed. • CPC is efficient for preparative isolation of major polar flavonoids of B. pinnatum. • Developed UPLC-DAD method is selective, linear, precise and accurate. • The major flavonoid is a specific marker to B. pinnatum extract. • Moderate XO inhibition and antioxidant activity of flavonoids/extract. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae) is widely used as leaf juice or extracts in traditional medicine all over tropical areas, especially in Brazil, to relieve inflammation-associated symptoms. Flavonol glycosides with unusual sugar moiety are among the major metabolites. Nevertheless, there are not enough quality control studies that can contribute to authentication of B. pinnatum and determination of their markers. As it is also used as medicinal plant in several countries, it is necessary to provide data related to safety, efficacy and quality. In this context, this work aims to isolate the major flavonoids from B. pinnatum hydroethanolic extract, to validate a method to quantify the content of chemical markers and to evaluate their xanthine oxidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. The extract was submitted to centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The solvents system CyHex-EtOAc-EtOH-H 2 O, 0.5:9:3:5.5, v/v/v/v was selected by shake-flask method. Four flavonoids (quercetin 3- O -α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)- O -α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3- O -α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)- O -α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 3- O -α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) and kaempferol 3- O -α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4)) were isolated in a single and fast CPC run and their structures were confirmed by NMR analysis. An UPLC-DAD quantification method was established for the first time with validation of required parameters, according to RDC 166/2017. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9996 to 0.9997 while the values of LOD (0.0077–1.984 ng.mL−1), LOQ (0.0263–6.012 ng.mL−1), recovery (≥ 80.7 %) and inter-day (%RSD ≤ 3.581) and intra-day precision (%RSD ≤ 2.628) were satisfactory. Quantitative analysis of these compounds showed that the proportion of 1 , 2 and 3 were 2.43, 0.25 and 0.33 % (24.3 mg.g−1, 0.25 mg.g−1 and 0.33 mg.g−1 of extract), respectively. Moreover, i n vitro xanthine oxidase (XO), DPPH and ABTS inhibition were evaluated for the extract and the major flavonoids. Compounds 2 (168 μM) and 3 (124 μM) moderately inhibited XO, while compounds 1 and 3 displayed average radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, our results suggest the flavonoid 1 as a specific marker which may be used for quality control of B. pinnatum hydroethanolic leaves extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]