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Throughout the Brazilian historiography understandings have developed that still structure our imaginary on indigenismo and consequently on the indigenous history. Starting from reference in the history of concepts, I present as a methodological proposal an interpretive scheme in which three pairs of opposing concepts are presented as a synthesis of what I consider to be significant constructs for the semantic field of indigenism in Brazil, that is, those ideas that still persist today we deal with the theme, which we can call colonial constructs. Are such concepts: 1) civilized vs. uncivilized; 2) Brazilian vs. Indigenous; and 3) citizens x Indians. For each of these pairs I search in texts of the Indian Ailton Krenak, discursive elements for the re-signification of such readings, which allows us to move towards the construction of an emancipatory concept of indigenismo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]