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Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that periodontal disease is associated with chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the periodontal health condition of the population, based on the community periodontal index, as well as the number of missing teeth and the presence of systemic health conditions. We quantified the association between oral health and the presence of chronic diseases using simple logistic regression, adjusting for confounding factors including age, smoking, and overweight. Results: The study population consisted of 334 volunteers, aged between 19 and 81 years. In patients over 45 years old, periodontal disease was found to be significantly associated with hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, in female patients, periodontal disease was significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that periodontal disease is positively and significantly associated with both arterial hypertension and diabetes, independent of potential confounding factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Race and gender inequities in the incidence of hypertension (HTN) are well documented; however, few empirical investigations looked into these associations, considering the synergies and heterogeneous experiences of intersectional gender and race/skin colour groups. This study investigated the association of intersectional identities defined by gender and race/skin colour with HTN incidence, and verified whether they are affected by educational level in adulthood. We used the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) data to estimate the incidence of HTN between visits 1 (2008–2010) and 2 (2012–2014), in 8528 participants without hypertension at visit 1. HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution and log link function were used to assess the associations. The incidence of HTN was 43.4/1000 person-years, ranging from 30.5/1000 in White women to 59.4/1000 in Black men. After adjusting by age and family history of HTN, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was higher in Black men (2.25; 95%CI: 1.65–3.08), Brown (Pardo) men (1.89; 95%CI: 1.59–2.25), Black women (1.85; 95%CI: 1.50–2.30), Brown (Parda) women (1.47; 95%CI: 1.31–1.67) and White men (1.76; 95%CI: 1.49–2.08), compared to White women. These associations were maintained even after considering socioeconomic, behavioural and health mediators in the model. No interaction was found between education level and intersectional identities in the IRRs observed. By using an intersectional approach, we showed the complex relations between race/skin colour and gender inequities in the incidence of HTN, pointing not only that Black men have the highest risk of developing HTN, but also that the risk of HTN is greater in Black women than in White men, when compared to White women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The processing of food can cause changes that turn them into risk factors for chronic diseases. A higher degree of food processing is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors, focusing on a population group especially subjected to precarious living conditions and food insecurity. Method: Cross-sectional population-based study with women (19 to 59 years) from Quilombola communities of Alagoas. The socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, health status, lifestyle, and food intake (24-h recall) variables were analyzed. The dependent variable was the MetS, defined using the harmonization criteria of the Joint Interim Statement, and its components. The foods consumed were categorized according to the Nova Classification, assuming the highest UPF consumption as risk exposure. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95%CI, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. We also analyzed the association with the Nova score of UPF consumption. Results: We investigated 895 women (38.9 ± 11.0 years), of whom 48.3% had MetS. On average, 15.9% of the total energy intake came from UPF. Lower Nova scores were associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and low HDL. Higher UPF consumption was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of hypertension (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.06–1.61). Conclusion: The highest UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while a lower Nova score was a protective factor against diabetes and low HDL. UPF consumption in Quilombola communities is important but lower than that observed in the Brazilian population in general. It is suggested that public health programs be implemented to promote healthy eating while valuing the existing eating habits and traditions among the remaining Brazilian Quilombola people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Features of the urban physical environment may be linked to the development of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for global burden of disease. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of urban physical environment features with hypertension and blood pressure measures in adults across 230 Latin American cities. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we used health, social, and built environment data from the SALud URBana en América Latina (SALURBAL) project. The individual-level outcomes were hypertension and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The exposures were city and subcity built environment features, mass transit infrastructure, and green space. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multilevel logistic and linear regression models, with single- and multiple-exposure models adjusted for individual-level age, sex, education, and subcity educational attainment. RESULTS: A total of 109,176 participants from 230 cities and eight countries were included in the hypertension analyses and 50,228 participants from 194 cities and seven countries were included in the blood pressure measures analyses. Participants were 18–97 years of age. In multiple-exposure models, higher city fragmentation was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (OR per standard deviation (SD) increase = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21); presence (vs. no presence) of mass transit in the city was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.54); higher subcity population density was associated with lower odds of having hypertension (OR per SD increase = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94); and higher subcity intersection density was associated with higher odds of having hypertension [OR per SD increase = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15). The presence of mass transit was also associated with slightly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in multiple-exposure models adjusted for treatment. Except for the association between intersection density and hypertension, associations were attenuated after adjustment for country. An inverse association of greenness with continuous blood pressure emerged after country adjustment. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that urban physical environment features—such as fragmentation, mass transit, population density, and intersection density—may be related to hypertension in Latin American cities. Reducing chronic disease risks in the growing urban areas of Latin America may require attention to integrated management of urban design and transport planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperuricemia (HU) has been associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome (MS) worldwide. However, inconsistencies about this relation are still reported, and it is not clear whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for MS. The aim of this study was to determine hyperuricemia associations with systemic hypertension and MS in women from northeast Brazil. The study included 301 women. Hyperuricemia was considered for serum uric acid (SUA) ≥6 mg/dL. Insulin resistance (IR) was measured by TyG index (TyG ≥ 4.55). Fisher test and Multivariate logistic regression analyses estimated the association between hyperuricemia (or SUA level) and systemic hypertension and MS. Hyperuricemia association with systemic hypertension was independent of age, body-mass index (BMI), smoking and alcoholism (OR: OR: 4.6050; p =.000256), and MS components (OR: 4.1296; IC95% 1.8330_9.3033; p =.000621). Hyperuricemia increased risk of systemic hypertension by 4,6 -fold. SUA level was associated with MS, independently of other classic component factors of the syndrome (OR:1.34, p =.0129). Hyperuricemia and high SUA levels were associated with MS and systemic hypertension. Effect of hyperuricemia in systemic hypertension is independent of age, BMI, lifestyle, and MS factors. SUA levels are independently associated with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigated whether high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was independently associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. Participants included 5632 adults, without hypertension at the baseline (2008–2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, who took part in the second follow-up visit (2012–2014). Adherence to the DASH diet was estimated at baseline using a score based on eight food items (final scores from 8 to 40 points) and was categorised as high adherence (≥30 points, or ≥75 %) and low adherence (<75 %; reference). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. The association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of incident hypertension was estimated using Cox regression models adjusted by covariates. In total, 780 new cases of hypertension (13·8 %) were identified in about 3·8-year follow-up. Participants with high adherence to the DASH diet had 26 % lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, diabetes and family history of hypertension. The HR reduced to 0·81 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·04) and was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for BMI, suggesting that lower body weight explains about 10 % of the association between high adherence to the DASH diet and hypertension risk reduction. The results indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet lowered the risk of hypertension by one-fourth over a relatively short follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with glaucoma in Santarém-PA, from January 2016 to December 2017. Methods: Study descriptive, retrospective, quantitative and cross-sectional that was analyzed the medical records of 718 patients, both genders, attended by SUS in an ophthalmologic clinic from Santarém-PA. Was used an adapted record from a pre-existing model in the clinic and, after being searched, the data was systematized. Results: The study was found a prevalence of 6% (n=43), distributed in 6.8%(n=21) in 2016 and 5.4%(n=22) in 2017. Regarding gender, the majority corresponded to women (53.5% n=23) and 46.5%(n=20) were men. Primary open angle glaucoma demonstrated a higher prevalence, affecting 2.5% (n=18) of the patients. The age group demonstrated the predominance of the public over 40 years, 96% (n=24) of the 25 with the age was informed. Regarding chronic diseases, 42% had only arterial hypertension, 2% only diabetes mellitus, 5% had bot comorbidities, and 51% had no one. Conclusion: The prevalence found for glaucoma cases was higher than values of other studies about the subject in Brazil and abroad. Primary open angle glaucoma was the more prevalent in the public studied, especially in individuals over 40 years. The relation between chronic diseases and the manifestation of glaucoma or IOP elevation, reached a subtle indication to hypertension as a risk factor due to its higher prevalence, similar to the studies on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the cost attributable to arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity in the Unified Health System of Brazil in 2018. Method. The study estimated the cost attributable to non-communicable chronic diseases based on relative risk and population prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, considering the cost of hospitalizations, outpatient procedures, and medications distributed by the SUS to treat these diseases. Cost data were obtained from SUS information systems. The analysis explored the cost of disease according to sex and age in the adult population. Results. The total cost of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in the SUS reached R$ 3.45 billion (95%CI: 3.15- 3.75) in 2018, that is, more than US$ 890 million. Of this amount, 59% referred to the treatment of hypertension, 30% to diabetes, and 11% to obesity. The age group from 30 to 69 years accounted for 72% of the total costs, and women accounted for 56%. When obesity was considered separately as a risk factor for hypertension and diabetes, the cost attributable to this diseases reached R$ 1.42 billion (95%CI: 0.98-1.87), i.e., 41% of the total cost. Conclusions. The estimates of costs attributable to the main chronic diseases associated with inadequate diet revealed a heavy economic burden of these disorders for the SUS. The data show the need to prioritize integrated and intersectoral policies for the prevention and control of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, and may support the advocacy for interventions such as fiscal and regulatory measures to ensure that the objectives of the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Systemic arterial hypertension is the most prevalent chronic noncommunicable disease among older people. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly and to analyze factors associated with diagnosed, undiagnosed, and uncontrolled hypertension. This is a cross-sectional study of data from the SABE study—Health, Well-Being, and Aging Survey—a multiple-cohort study, obtained in 2010, composed of a probabilistic sample representative of the population of the São Paulo city aged ≥60 years. Hypertension was self‐reported or defined by increased blood pressure. Multinomial regression assessed factors associated with diagnosis and lack of diagnosis of hypertension (reference: no hypertension), and logistic regression assessed factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension (reference: controlled). The prevalence of hypertension was 79.5%, and in 51% of individuals with the condition, hypertension was uncontrolled. Undiagnosed hypertension was associated with nonwhite skin color (OR: 1.89, CI: 1.11–3.19), being uninsured (OR: 1.77, CI: 1.04–3.03), overweight (OR: 2.38, CI: 1.09–5.19), higher education (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.22–1.94), and ≥1 chronic disease (OR: 0.28; CI: 0.13–0.58). Diagnosed hypertension was associated with age between 70 and 79 years (OR: 2.02, CI: 1.34–3.05), age ≥80 (OR: 2.73, CI: 1.72–4.31), nonwhite skin color (OR: 1.48, CI: 1.01–2.18), being uninsured (OR: 1.70, CI: 1.18–2.47), at least one medical consultation in the last year (OR: 1.86, CI: 1.06–3.25), obesity (OR: 2.50, CI: 1.61–3.88), and ≥1 chronic disease (OR: 2.81, CI: 1.94–4.08). Among those with hypertension, being uncontrolled was associated with widowhood (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.23–2.43), being uninsured (OR: 1.38, CI: 1.02–1.87), and female gender (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.43–0.87). The prevalence of hypertension was high in this population, and its diagnosis and control were associated with socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare access factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) is high in many parts of the world. Birth via CD has been associated with adverse later health outcomes, such as obesity, asthma, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Few studies have focused on hypertension. We investigated the associations of CD with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP and tested whether body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) was a mediator of these associations in a birth cohort (n = 2,020) assembled in 1978–1979 and followed up in 2002–2004 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The CD rate was 32.0%. Hypertension was present in 11.7% of persons born via CD and 7.7% of those born vaginally. Being born by CD increased the odds of hypertension by 51% (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 2.07). After adjustment for confounders, this estimate changed little (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.06). In a mediation analysis, odds ratios for the indirect and direct effects were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.25) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.65), respectively. CD also had indirect effects on both systolic and diastolic BP via BMI. Our findings suggest that CD is associated with young-adult hypertension and that this association is at least partially mediated by BMI. This has implications for countries struggling with the burden of noncommunicable diseases and where CD rates are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of INSIG, PCSK9 and FTO genes with anthropometric, biochemical characteristics and presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with severe obesity. Material and methods: the present study enrolled 150 patients with grade II or III obesity, who were submitted to nutritional assessment, blood pressure measurement and peripheral blood collection. INSIG2 (rs75666605), PCSK9 (rs505151), and FTO (rs9939609) polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assays probes in real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The experimental data are processed in SPSS Statistics 22.0 (p < 0.05). Results: in this study, 72.2% of obese subjects had metabolic syndrome (MS). There was a higher prevalence of AA (86.9%), CG (51.1%) and AT (46.2%) genotypes for the PCSK9, INSIG2 and FTO polymorphisms, respectively. There was no association of these polymorphisms with the prevalence of MS (p > 0.05). On the other hand, individuals with at least one variant allele (G) for the INSIG2 gene had higher triglycerides levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the polymorphism rs7566605 of the INSIG2 gene is associated with higher triglycerides levels and blood pressure values, which are also considered as risk factors for the development of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate anthropometric and demographic indicators associated with high blood pressure in children aged 6 to 10 years in urban and rural areas of Minas Gerais. Method: this is a cross-sectional study with 335 children. Anthropometric, demographic and blood pressure data were collected. The statistics analyzes were performed using the chi-square, t-student, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression tests, and the odds ratio was the association measure. Results: the prevalence of high blood pressure was significantly higher among rural children. In the urban area, the chance of high blood pressure was higher in children who had a high body mass index (2.97 [1.13-7.67]) and in the rural area, in those who had increased waist circumference (35.4 [3.0-406.2]) and the age range of 9-10 years (4.29 [1.46-12.6]). Conclusion: elevated body mass index and waist circumference were important anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure, as well as age in children living in rural area. The evaluation of body mass index and waist circumference, in addition to nutritional assessments, represents an important action for the screening of high blood pressure in children from different territorial contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Parkinsonism is one of the most prevalent neurological syndromes in the elderly. There are only a few epidemiological studies focusing on parkinsonism in oldest-old individuals, particularly in Latin America. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of parkinsonism in subjects aged 75 + years living in the community.Methods: The Pietà study is a population-based investigation on brain aging conducted in Caeté, southeast Brazil. A sample composed of 610 community-dwelling individuals aged 75 + years (48.7% of the total population within this age range) underwent clinical, neurological, cognitive and functional assessments.Results: The sample comprised mostly women (61.5%), with mean age of 83.3 years and mean schooling of 2.5 years. Parkinsonism was identified in 65 subjects (crude prevalence = 10.7%). Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism + dementia syndrome, drug-induced parkinsonism, vascular parkinsonism and Lewy-body dementia were identified in, respectively, 19 (29.2%), 19 (29.2%), 8 (12.3%), 4 (6.1%) and 1 (1.5%) subjects. In 14 individuals (21.5%), the etiology of parkinsonism could not be determined. The most important vascular risk factor was hypertension (64.6%). Cognitive evaluation disclosed dementia in 37 (56.9%) subjects. Mean Pfeffer's functional activities questionnaire score was 12.2 points and 22 (33.8%) subjects were impaired in basic activities of daily living.Conclusion: Parkinsonism was common in this oldest-old population, being associated with dementia and vascular risk factors, particularly hypertension. Different confounders, such as concomitant dementia and exposure to anti-dopaminergic drugs, were present in this population, challenging the definition of causes of parkinsonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is consistent evidence showing that low socioeconomic level, both at the individual and contextual levels, is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality due to noncommunicable diseases. Objective To identify gender and schooling inequalities in the distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. Methods This study included data from 97 468 individuals interviewed in 2012 and 2013 from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (VIGITEL). Age-adjusted prevalence ratios at different schooling levels were calculated using Poisson regression. Results Tobacco use, alcohol abuse and the consumption of meat with visible fat were more frequent among men, while the medical diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure and dyslipidaemia was more frequent among women. In both genders, the highest level of education was associated with a lower prevalence of tobacco use, excessive consumption of soft drinks and excessive TV time, as well as increased alcohol abuse. Conclusion The results of this study represent a challenge for public health policies in Brazil, since sociodemographic inequalities reflect differences in the prevalence of risk factors and, consequently, in the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to verify the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its risk factors among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome under antiretroviral therapy. Method: crosssectional study with 208 patients. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a form containing data on sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological aspects, hypertension risk factors, blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index and abdominal circumference. Mean, standard deviation, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated, t-test and Chisquare test were used, considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Hypertension associated variables were selected for logistic regression. Results: patients were male (70.7%), self-reported as mixed-race (68.2%), had schooling between 9 and 12 years of study (46.6%), had no children (47.6%), were single (44.2%), in the sexual exposure category (72.1%) and heterosexual (60.6%). The prevalence of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and arterial hypertension was 17.3%. Logistic regression confirmed the influence of age greater than 45 years, family history of hypertension, being overweight and antiretroviral therapy for more than 36 months for hypertension to occur. Conclusion: the prevalence of hypertension was 17.3%. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hypertension were older than 45 years, had family history of hypertension, were overweight and under antiretroviral therapy for more than 36 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a risk factor for 9.4 million deaths worldwide. In Brazil, the condition attributes an annual cost of approximately USD640,000,000 to the SUS. The epidemiological and economic analysis of Pharmaceutical Care (PC) in the management of hypertensive patients showed an improvement in blood pressure control, a reduction of the risk of SAH complications, and an investment return of over USD1.7 million after ten years. Therefore, this article aims to present a pharmacoeconomic tool capable of assisting decision making in the implementation of PC in the SUS. A systematic review is being conducted for the robustness of the estimation of clinical and epidemiological impact of SAH, its results will be tabulated and applied in the improvement of the tool together with the direct medical and non-medical costs, indirect costs and costs of the SAH. In addition, a Markov model will be designed to estimate the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and SAH’s associated diseases by studies of proteomics that address the Human Network Disease. We hope to validate this auxiliary tool and thus to improve blood pressure control among hypertensive patients, quality of life, to reduce comorbidities and deaths, as well as optimizing the use of health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate if the combination of Waist Circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) or Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and BMI measures is superior to the separate indicators in identifying hypertension risk in older adults from southern Brazil.Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the second wave (2013/14) of a population- and household-based survey carried out with 1197 older adults (778 women). Hypertension (i.e., outcome) was identified by self-report. The independent variables were body mass index (BMI≥27kg/m2), waist circumference (WC≥88cm for women and WC≥102cm for men), waist/height ratio (WHtR≥0.5), and the combined indexes BMI+WC (BMI≥27kg/m2+WC≥88cm for women and WC≥102cm for men) and BMI+WHtR (BMI≥27kg/m2+WHtR≥0.5). The associations were explored using binary logistic regression.Results: The results showed sex differences in all study characteristics. In women, all indicators were associated with the outcome, after adjustments (age, race/color, marital status, schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diabetes). WHtR was the indicator most strongly associated with hypertension (OR=2.97; 95% CI 1.58 to 5.59). For men, only BMI and the combined indicators were associated with hypertension. Combined measures of BMI+WHtR showed a stronger association with the outcome (OR=2.68; IC95% 1.62 to 4.44).Conclusion: The associated indicators differed between the sexes. The combination of BMI+WC and BMI+WHtR using current cut-off points may provide an improved measure of hypertension risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19–60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson’s regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50–59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and their related morbidity and mortality, are currently the most common public health problems and also a higher burden of disease in Brazil. They represent a real challenge for primary health care. This study describes the methodology and baseline data of an adult population with hypertension and diabetes attending in primary health care.Methods: It is a cross sectional study which presents data from a longitudinal research. 3784 adults were randomly selected from the registry of a health service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The eligibility criteria were: confirmed diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes, consulted at least once in the prior 3 years and 18 years of age or older. Home data collection consisted of a questionnaire with information on demographic, medical history, life style and socio-economic factors.Results: A total of 2482 users were interviewed (response rate of 71 %). The median age was 64 (IQR = 55.7) and the majority were women (68 %), and married (52 %). Whereas 66.5 % (CI 95 % 64.5-68.3) of the sample had only hypertension, 6.5 % (CI 95 % 5.5-7.5) had diabetes and 27.1 % (CI 95 % 25.3-28.8) had both diseases. The prevalence of diseases increased with age and with fewer years of study (p < 0.05). Subjects with both diseases had significantly more associated comorbidities.Conclusions: Hypertension and diabetes are more prevalent in older individuals, especially women, and less educated people. People suffering with both chronic conditions simultaneously are more likely to have additional comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Excessive salt intake has been directly associated with cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, and non-cardiovascular diseases. Despite the current recommendations, salt intake remains high, indicating the need to develop theory-based interventions aimed at reducing this intake. Aim: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of a theory-based intervention - the SALdável Program – to promote the use of less than 4 g of salt/day during cooking. Methods: This was a two-arm parallel-group randomized study. A total of 92 hypertensive women were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention was aimed at motivating participants to reduce salt addition by increasing self-efficacy and counteracting the negative influence of habit. Primary outcomes were the behavioral question of salt addition and total salt addition, secondary outcomes were overall salt intake, provided by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, and psychosocial variables (intention, self-efficacy, and habit). Results: At three-month follow-up, the intervention group improved significantly more than the control group regarding salt addition measures (p-values between 0.05 and 0.001) and psychosocial variables (all p-values ⩽0.001). The reduction in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was not significant. Conclusion: The findings showed that this theory-based intervention was effective to motivate and change the behavior of hypertensive women regarding daily salt use in cooking meals. This was accomplished by means of improvements in intention and self-efficacy and reduction of the habit of using more than 4 g of salt/day during cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify the presence of risk factors for systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) among bus drivers. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with 163 bus drivers in the state of Sergipe. Results: the mean age was of 33.8 years, most had spouses (60.1%), did not practice physical activity (62.6%), had waist circumference (WC) and waist / hip ratio (WHR) within normal range, respectively 74.8% and 66.3% and body mass index (BMI) 26.9 kg / m2. With regard to blood pressure, the average was above the normal value, 132.2 and 87.7 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. There was a positive and moderate correlation (p<0.05) between SBP and DBP with BMI and WC and between SBP and WHR. Conclusion: the most identified risk factors for SAH were sedentary lifestyles, excess weight and alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre excesso de peso e características de adultos jovens escolares, como subsídio ao cuidado de enfermagem. Método: estudo caso-controle, realizado com adultos jovens de escolas públicas. Amostra composta por 441 participantes (147 casos e 294 controles, com e sem excesso de peso, respectivamente). Coletaram-se informações sociodemográficas, clínicas, fatores de exposição e antropometria. Utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla. O estudo foi aprovado em comitê de ética. Resultados: detectou-se associação estatística significativa com excesso de peso em: não brancos, ter companheiro(a), ganho ponderal na adolescência, excesso de peso materno, uso de fármacos obesogênicos, pressão arterial diastólica aumentada, circunferência abdominal e relação cintura quadril. Além destas, entraram na análise multivariada as variáveis escolaridade e ganho ponderal na infância. Após etapa de ajuste permaneceram no modelo final: estado civil com companheiro(a), ganho ponderal na adolescência, pressão arterial diastólica aumentada e circunferência abdominal aumentada. Conclusão: a análise das variáveis preditoras para o excesso de peso em adultos jovens escolares possibilita ao enfermeiro bases para elaboração e planejamento de práticas educativas que visem à prevenção desta condição clínica, visualizada como fator de risco para outras comorbidades de caráter crônico, como as doenças cardiovasculares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of the nursing process promotes the development of classification systems for documentation of clinical records of nursing. Objective: To characterize the profile of pregnant women in antenatal care nursing, identifying the most frequent nursing diagnosis and develop interventions using the International Classification for Nursing Practice - ICNP® version1.0. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study conducted at University Hospital in Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were extracted from clinical records of 84 pregnant women from January 2007 to October 2008. Results: developed 84 nursing diagnoses, the most frequent: 52.38% Impaired food intake, 50% Low fluid intake, 46.42% Risk for hypertension, 34.52% Risk for hyperglycaemia, 33.33% Oedema in legs, 30.95% Pelvic pain, and 30.95% Increased urination. Conclusion: using ICNP can collaborate on the autonomy of the nursing to plan activities with the pregnant woman care using a specific language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A balanced diet on a Food and Nutrition (HFS) is essential with regard to worker productivity benefited by the Worker Food Program (WFP). The excessive salt intake is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of sodium offered on the menu of a hospital UAN matches recommended by the WFP. Descriptive cross-sectional study to analyze the amount of salt added in preparations of lunch for 20 days. To verify the salt added to each preparation were weighed 100 grams (g) salt. Descriptive statistics were performed for numerical variables and to compare the results to the standard established by the WFP was applied t test, using SPSS V-19 program. The consumption of sodium in each week was significantly higher than that recommended by the WFP (p = 0.000), but the average sodium intake was greater in the first and second week and somewhat less in the third and fourth week. It is concluded that sodium intake exceeds the daily recommendation recommended by the WFP for a meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular disease, the important modifiable risk factor of which is diet. The aim of this study was to derive dietary patterns and to test associations with self-reported hypertension and other characteristics, namely demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. Data were obtained from the population-based cross-sectional study titled Health Survey of the City of São Paulo, with a random sample of residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, aged older than 20 years of both sexes (n=1,102). In 2008, a structured questionnaire with information about socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary factors was applied. Dietary intake was estimated by two 24-hour dietary recalls, adjusted by Multiple Source Method. Dietary patterns were obtained through exploratory principal component factor analysis. Poisson regression was used to assess relationships. Three dietary patterns were identified: prudent (fruits, vegetables, whole-grain bread, white cheeses, juices, reduced-fat milk/nonfat milk), traditional (rice, beans, bread/toast/crackers, butter/margarine, whole milk, coffee/teas, sugar), and modern (sodas, pastries/sandwiches/pizzas, yellow cheeses, pastas, sauces, alcoholic beverages, sweets, processed meats). Hypertension and demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as the presence of health insurance, were associated with adherence to one or more identified dietary patterns. These results suggest the existence of a target audience for planning and executing public policies of food and nutrition to prevent and control hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies show that both low physical activity (PA) and adiposity are associated with a higher risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between PA and blood pressure in adolescents is controversial and other studies have reported that no association was observed. Of particular interest is the evaluation of whether the association between PA and high blood pressure is independent of adiposity. A sample of 3764 Brazilian adolescents who attend high schools was selected using random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Global School-based Student Health Survey, anthropometry, and blood pressure readings. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 14.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 13.5–15.7), higher amongst males (20.0%; 95%CI 18.0–22.1) compared with females (10.9%; 95%CI 9.7–12.3). Sixty-six per cent of the adolescents were reported to be insufficiently active. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 12.8% (95%CI 11.0–14.7) amongst active compared with 15.4% (95%CI 14.0–16.9) amongst insufficiently active adolescents. The association between PA and high blood pressure was observed only amongst females after adjusting for waist circumference (odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95%CI 1.21–2.31) and body mass index (OR 1.71; 95%CI 1.23–2.37). Notwithstanding levels of adiposity, higher PA levels are associated with a lower prevalence of high blood pressure amongst females, although not amongst males. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to analyze the influence of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level (PAL) on blood pressure (BP) in adolescents. The sample was composed of 799 students of both genders, aged 12.09 (± 0.80). The weight, height and BP were assessed according to internationally established criteria, and BMI was calculated and classified according to the cutoff points proposed by Cole, Flegal and Dietz (2000). To evaluate the PAL, the modified lifestyle questionnaire was used (Silva, Silva, & Martins, 2006). We found that 9.1% of the subjects evaluated have high blood pressure, 11.8% were overweight, 5.4% were obese and 47.2% of the people presented low PAL. The fact of being inactive (OR = 1.99), insufficiently active (OR = 1.87) and obese (OR = 5.1) was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Being inactive or insufficiently active was strongly associated with the development of the obesity (OR = 7.97 and 4.35) respectively. In the studied sample, the overweight, the obesity and low PAL are associated with the development of arterial hypertension. In addition, a low PAL is associated with an increasing number of overweight adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonato CF, do-Amaral CCF, Belini L, Salzedas LMP, Oliveira SHP. Hypertension favors the inflammatory process in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 783-792. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are significantly correlated with chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone-loss level, neutrophil migration, CXCL2/CINC-2α, CXCL5/LIX, CCL20/MIP-3α and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and C-reactive protein (CRP) release in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive (WTK) rats after experimental induction of periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Periodontitis was induced by placement of silk yarn ligatures around the first molar counterparts. The levels of CRP, CCL20/MIP-3α and CXCL5/LIX were evaluated in the peripheral blood, and bone-loss level, neutrophil recruitment, the production of myeloperoxidase, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL20 and TNF-α, and the expression of iNOS were evaluated in the gingival tissue. Histological sections were taken to evaluate and measure bone resorption and neutrophil recruitment in the furcation region. Results: Rats with periodontitis had alveolar bone resorption. SHRs with periodontitis showed marked bone loss and increased neutrophil infiltration in comparison with WTK rats. SHRs with periodontitis showed increased levels of TNF-α and CXCL2, and a slight tendency for increased levels of CXCL5, in the gingival tissue but no increase in the level of CCL20. In SHRs, even without periodontitis, the levels of TNF-α, CXCL2, CXCL5 and CCL20 showed a slight tendency to increase. In the WTK rats, TNF-α, CXCL2 and CXCL5 levels were increased with periodontitis, but the level of CCL20 was not. iNOS was expressed in the gingival tissue of WTK rats and SHRs with periodontitis; however, SHRs appeared to express a higher level of iNOS than did WKT rats. The CRP level was elevated in both types of rats with periodontitis; however, the CRP level was higher in SHRs with periodontitis than in WTK rats with periodontitis. Conclusion: In SHRs, the hypertensive condition per se seems to favor the inflammatory processes that become potentiated with periodontitis, when compared with WKT rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This population-based health survey was carried out in Florianopolis, Brazil, to assess the association between adult systolic blood pressure (SBP) and contextual income level, after controlling for potential individual-level confounders. A statistically significant negative association between SBP levels and contextual income was identified after adjusting for individual-level characteristics. SBP levels in the highest and in the intermediate tertiles of contextual income were 5.78 and 2.82mmHg lower, respectively, than that observed in the bottom tertile. The findings suggest an association between income area level and blood pressure, regardless of well-known individual-level hypertension risk factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The objective of the study was to evaluate some risk factors for increases in systemic arterial blood pressure. This transversal study was carried out with 145 individuals from 12 to18 years of age at two state schools in the city of Pico in the state of Piauí in Brazil. The majority were female (62.8%). The median age was 14.8 years (±3.19). It was ascertained that 13 of the subjects (9.0%) were overweight [CI% 73.0-86.0]. Elevations in waist circumference were found in 31 (21.4%) and 76 (52.4%) had elevated arterial blood levels. There was no statistically-significant association between the above-cited risk factors and gender (p=0.088; 0.999; 0.204, respectively). However, 44.8% of the adolescents had at least one risk factor associated with arterial hypertension; 15.9% had two, and 2.1% had three. The study confirms the influence of the risk factors on arterial pressure values among adolescents. Being aware of these factors means that nurses can intervene with health education measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Eletronica de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Brasileira em Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)