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It was developed a composite with matrix of gypsum and reinforcement of vegetal fiber (Cocos nucifera) to the manufacturing of plates and panels for civil construction. Samples were produced in a sandwich shape of gypsum / fiber / gypsum. Two different thickness of the layer of fiber were considerate: 8 mm and 10 mm. A sample of gypsum without the layer of fiber was fabricated and used as a standard to comparative study. A thermal analyzer equipment was used to the determination of the thermal conductivity (k), thermal diffusivity (α) and volumetric thermal capacity (ρ.CP). Based on the results of the tests, it was possible to point out some advantages of the composite comparing with the standard (gypsum). The lower value of k promotes better thermal insulation capacity of the composite, allowing a reduction of the thermal charge inside buildings due to the solar thermal radiation. Thus, the composite seems to be adequate to be applied as a cover element in buildings located at low latitudes (e. g., the Northeast region of Brazil). Beyond the advantages mentioned above, the composite is able to approaching more lightness and economy of material, allowing the production of slim constructive elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]