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Performing field studies to assess soil degradation is expensive and timeconsuming. Estimates made by numerical models are, therefore, usually preferred by many researchers and professionals that work on this subject. The present study primarily aims to assess the potential soil degradation (PSD) in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, in the years 2000 and 2019, by employing the fuzzy logic in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The proposed model explores cause-effect relationships between specific variables that are known to affect the PSD, based on membership functions and the Fuzzy Gamma Operator (FGO) applied to data relative to geology, geomorphology, declivity, hypsometry, pedology, precipitation, erodibility, enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land use. Our results show that, among these factors, the ones that most contributed to degradation were geology, geomorphology, pedology and precipitation. However, proper attention should be paid to variables susceptible to changes in the human timescale, such as precipitation, land use and cover and, consequently, the EVI, which were found to be important contributors to the observed increase in PSD along the studied timespan. Of those, especially, land use and cover, as it is a variable closely related to human activities. The cartographic products resulting from this work are also successful in indicating the regions that exhibit the most and the least important factors with respect to the influence on the processes that contribute to soil degradation, proving to be a valuable tool for decision-making in the planning of preventive and mitigating measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geologia USP: Série Científica is the property of Geologia USP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazil confronts a challenge to implement the Forest Code, now called Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN), issued in 2012 under the number 12.651/12. The law introduced new mechanisms to quantified environmental liabilities in Permanent Protection Areas (APP) and Legal Reserve Areas (RL). Thus, this study presents a methodological proposal for calculation of environmental liabilities in areas of "water" permanent preservation and legal reserve using geoprocessing tools. This way, a complex analysis was required, based on the size of the private rural properties, the type of land use/cover, and “temporal cut”, for which there is no methodology defined. The “temporal cut” was defined to fine cancel those who practiced illegal deforestation prior to 22 July 2008, thus creating the figure of the "Consolidated Productive Areas”. This methodology was tested and applied in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu-PA and the results pointed to a total environmental liability of the municipality of 178,835 hectares by 2010. According to requirements established in article 61-A, the settlements were considered rural properties with consolidated productive areas, and thus benefited by law. Despite this, it is important to improve environmental education techniques and the recovering of environmental liabilities of settlements, mainly for sustainable production purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphometry of the sub-basin of the river Ribeirão, western Amazon, Brazil, is characterized. Geometric, topographic and hydrographic characteristics were obtained by QGIS 2.10.1, mainly by TauDEM, a digital model of field elevation and calculating tool based on altimeter data of the SRTM project. The sub-basin of the river Ribeirão comprises 50 microbasins, mean altitude 153 m, predominating between plane and rolling reliefs, with a 6th order dendritic pattern, hydrographic density 0.66 rivers km-2, drain density 1.05 km km-2 and maintenance coefficient of 950.32 m2 m-1. The greatest micro-basins of the river Ribeirão belong to the rivers Ribeirão, Araras, Misericórdia and Taquaras, with areas 1,118.00, 628.51, 194.73 and 159.26 km2, respectively. Micro-basins have an elongated shape, low flooding susceptibility, straight to divergent main channels and concentration period between 10.10 and 24.46 h. The sub-basin of the river Ribeirão and its main micro-basins have a great potential of agricultural mechanization and the implantation of irrigation systems on farms. Integrated management practices for soil conservation are recommended coupled to the maintenance of native forest covering in the Preservation Areas and Permanent Preservation Areas so that the hydric resources of the region may be preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) play an essential role in environmental stability, maintenance of life, protection and conservation of natural resources. Despite the legal protection, the minimum regulated parameters are not observed. Given this context, this study has as main objective to identify and analyze land use conflicts in APP, in the municipality of Presidente Epitácio, state of São Paulo, considering Federal Law nº 12727, of October 17, 2012 as a criterion, which provides for the protection of native vegetation in Brazil, in force. For the development of the research, a bibliographic survey was carried out; land cover and use mapping; identification of land use conflicts in APP using GIS techniques and field work. The results indicated areas that should be destined to APP are occupied by other classes such as pasture; discovered area; temporary and permanent farming; sugar cane farming; forestry; land uses associated with mining and urbanized area. The identified scenario was worrisome, with several watercourses lacking APP, or in insufficient conditions to protect water bodies against erosive processes, silting and contamination, making it difficult to increase the infiltration of rainwater and maintenance and recharge of groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to produce a geoecological model of susceptibility to the occurrence of fires in the Lapa Grande State Park (PELG), MG, Brazil. Applying geotechnologies, the analytical-integrative method was used to identify, model and map areas with susceptibility to the occurrence of forest fires. The validation of the result was also performed by overlapping the map of heat sources. The result showed that, in the model produced, more than 50% of the PELG area is under high fire susceptibility. The overlap of the map resulting from the modeling with the map of heat sources resulted in 84% coincidence, confirming the applicability of the method. It is concluded that the model produced by directing better actions for fire prevention in the PELG and in the buffer zone, as well as for application to other conservation units in the Cerrado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

So that one may obtain the economic value of an environmental resource, its monetary value should be estimated in relation to other goods/services available in the economy. Environmental valorization methods currently used are relatively new and the variables in the process may not be known or partially known. One method is the Reposition Cost that calculates the value of reparation from a damage. Current paper applied the reposition cost method in the economic valorization of nutrient loss by soil erosion in the hydrographic basin of the river Una, Brazil, through geoprocessing to evaluate spatially the area under analysis. Thirty-five samples were collected and the soil´s nutrients quantified, Ca, Mg, P and K. Concentrations were spatialized and annual loss estimated, with reposition costs. In more than 89% of the studied area, the reposition cost of K, P, Ca and Mg of the three fertilizers employed (potassium chloride, potassium chlorate, simple superphosphate and lime) reached about R$ 0.01 per m². Total reposition cost was R$ 352,846.43. The spatialization of reposition costs showed which areas required special attention of the government with regard to monitoring and proposition of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In November 2015 it happened one of the largest environmental disasters ever recorded in Brazil. The breaking of the tailings dam named "Fundão" in Minas Gerais state. In this study, the goal is to measure the affected area closest to the dam break in order to quantify the impacts to the environment. To accomplish this, it were used tools, techniques and geoprocessing software to geotag, treat, sort, and analyze images of the disaster area at different times. The methodology used enable the measurement of the impact area and consequently assess the environmental damage caused by the natural disaster. Based on the project study area, the tailings slurry reached an area of approximately 944 ha and 249.29 ha of Atlantic Forest vegetation. It also affected 125.60 ha of alternative land use. In relation to water resources, a total of 21.80 km of watercourses were affected, namely: Santarém Stream, Red Stream, North Gualaxo River, Mirandinha Stream, Capião Stream and Camargo Stream. The use of Geographic Information System - GIS in this study met the proposed objective, because with this technology it was possible to measure part of the damage caused to the environment using satellite images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has shown thousands of incidents every year, which the State of Rio Grande do Sul is part of a significant portion that suffers mainly, from disasters related to heavy rainfalls. Thus, this paper presents a diagnostic of the urban area's vulnerability as regards as landslides in the medium city of Santa Maria, located in the central area of the State. To determine the degree of vulnerability it was applied remote sensing, GIS, geoprocessing, and multicriteria decision analysis. By means of thematic maps of hypsometry, slope, pedology, and soil use, it was applied to the algebra operation of maps and analytic hierarchy process. As a result, it was obtained the levels of potential environmental fragility (FAP) and emerging environmental fragility (FAE). It was concluded that although less than 15% of urban or no urbanisable areas are in hazardous areas, the urban perimeter is mostly in transitional areas and preventive measures should be implemented to avoid possible disruption of stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems related to water resources has been the scene of debates due to steady deterioration of water quality and increase in demand. This study aimed to analyse the influence of land use and occupation in the water quality of the main rivers of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Itupararanga (SP), Brazil. Therefore, analyses were carried out of the main parameters and water quality indices, as well as the mapping of the use and occupation of land. The results revealed that the sanitary sewage conditions of the municipalities of the EPA Itupararanga and agricultural uses classes are negatively affecting the water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Violence against women is motivated by domination in power relations, including male over female violence, defined as violent action that can cause physical, sexual or mental injury or suffering, as well as intimidation, deprivation of rights to freedom or coercion carried out inside and outside the home. This aggravation has been growing more and more throughout the world, and deserves to be discussed and combated in the scope of public policies. Objective: To analyse the spatial distribution of domestic violence against women in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Methods: It is a quantitative cross-sectional study of the census type that analysed all the reported cases of domestic violence against women resident in the municipality, the study scenario, in the year 2017. The data source was of the secondary type, in the two Specialized Police Offices for Women's Affairs - DEAM, present in the municipality. Results: We observed spatial patterns of domestic violence against women, as well as agglomerations throughout the capital, from the most affluent exclusive neighbourhoods to those living on the margins of society, proving that this violence has no class distinction. Conclusion: The study reached the proposed goal by analysing the spatial distribution of domestic violence in the research scenario based on spatial patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The degradation of aquatic ecosystems caused by the bad administration of soil use and by human activity, is one of the most important ecological concerns due to a reduction of availability and quality of water resources. Current study characterizes the temporal and spatial variability of water quality and availability, coupled to soil use in the hydrographic basin of the Corrego do Sapo, municipality of Rio Verde GO Brazil. ESRI satellite image, Google Earth, was used to pinpoint the influence. Qualitative (chemical, physical and microbiological) and quantitative monitoring of water was done twice a month during 2016. The basin is characterized by 57.3% agriculture and impacts on the restriction in water use mainly derive from the urban area which corresponds to 20% of the influence area. Although there were good indexes of water quality and potential to irrigate up to 899 hectares, coliforms restrict water use in direct consumption cultures. Due to iron in the water, the installation of irrigation systems should be followed by filter systems for particle retention and, consequently, for the better use of the equipment. Hydric availability oscillates because of the absence of permanent preservation areas. Strategic and administrative planning of water resources in the hydrographic basin of the Córrego do Sapo should be implemented to recover and improve water quality and availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian Pantanal wetland undergoes landscape alterations that can cause impacts on hydrological processes, changing the flood pulse. The objective of this work is to analyse the vegetation cover of the Pantanal in the period of 2000, 2008 and 2015, and to make a projection for 2030. Therefore, NDVI from the sensor MODIS was analysed and the transition matrix was calculated by the DINAMICA EGO. The methods adopted were open sources. The results were worrisome, indicating alterations of the vegetation cover of the Pantanal, with an increase of short vegetation (grasslands or pastures) in the evaluated period. The projection pointed out that in 2030 the Brazilian Pantanal wetland area will be covered by 78% of short vegetation and only 14% of dense (arboreal-shrubby) vegetation. The approach can be a useful tool for conservation of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, family farming is an activity that has emerged during the Portuguese empire, and had a major expansion later, with the arrival of immigrants in the nineteenth century. During the recession caused by the 1929 crisis, which led many farmers to bankruptcy, these immigrants bought small plots of land, thus increasing the number of these establishments. Nevertheless, Brazil still maintains a history of agricultural production on farms. So, historically, family farms got in the background, receiving less encouragement and direction from public policy, which brings about great technological backwardness compared to large producers. In this sense, it is now known that by using rudimentary techniques many small farmers are unable to compete in the market. Thus, this project was proposed in order to meet family farmers seeking for support and instructions for handling their properties economically viable and environmentally sustainable, based on assumptions of precision agriculture. This action also tries to ensure the permanence of these farmers in the field, both for preserving natural resources and also for reducing their spending on inputs by applying appropriate localized doses and preparing soil tillage according to the need. The objective was to create physical and chemical soil maps of their properties, aiming at providing information needed for input and technique applications most appropriately and accurately [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2005 photos of high resolution satellite imagery of the "google earth" allowed anyone to see their space city, neighborhood and home through the internet access. This technology is invested for at least 50 years in a type of processing that integrates aerial maps a network of organized information management for cities. The geoprocessing is a geographic information system that can be applied to municipalities to obtain global information infrastructure, health, education, sanitation and crime, allowing the construction and planning of public policies more effective. This dispositive biopolitical before the reference to Michel Foucault, was the object and method of analysis in a municipal government of Santa Catarina. Be the market information that is formed by unlimited data and increase the accuracy of applications, or about agency practices for the regulation of populations and forms of subjectivity constituted by the management, monitoring and fine-government people, the geoprocessing as a resource of knowledge and power, to know and be able to govern the lives of individuals. This same path dissertational possible to generate intelligibility to evaluate possibilities of resistance to the device and see how this historically Geographic Information System can add the management of both territory and population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study conducted in the cities of Atalaia do Norte, Benjamin Constant and Tabatinga, Amazonas state, in the triple border between Brazil and Colombia, Peru, demonstrates how the use of thematic maps, which considers the social production of space can aid in understanding the process health and disease prevention and actions to public health. We mapped different places of collective use such as parks, bars, hotels, motels and nightclubs and in the preparation of maps, we established a classification of these locations, as their activities, approximate number of visitors, among other elements of the social representation of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV in order to choose the places with greater relevance to the actions to promote sexual health. The thematic maps that identify the circuits of leisure and entertainment in cities in part reproduce the methodology Situational Analysis of Sexual Health India - Sash used in 2001 by Lambert, Bharat and other researchers in similar urban areas.With the production of cartographic databases, GIS enabled the organization to generate different thematic maps, which are exposed in the distribution and location of points classified according to their relevance to practice preventive sexual health. We conclude that the mapping studies in public health and, above all, the correct interpretation of them can contribute to the policy direction of sexual health in the border region in preventive STD and understanding of the processes of health-disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the land use pattern changes resulting from the introduction of Eucalyptus planting in the farthest South Bahia in the last twenty years, identifying areas for potential expansion of this cultivation, as well as the conflicts in Areas of Permanent Conservation. For this purpose, we used colored images of Landsat 5 TM System (Tematc Mapper), bands 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 for the years 1986, 1996 and 2007, observing basic properties of the satellite images as color, texture, tone, shape, limits and context. The maps were generated on a scale of 1:250,000, using the ArcGIS 9.2 and Erdas Imagine 9.1 software. The use of classes was determined by imaging?s resolution of the Landsat 5 (30 m) satellite: forests, silviculture, pasture / agriculture, cloud cover, and shadow zone. During the period analyzed, there was an expansion in Eucalyptus planting (378%), and reduction of forest areas (-20%), and pasture / agriculture (-2.5%). However, this type of use appears as the dominant, occupying 68% of land in the farthest South of Bahia. The Western zone is characterized as a priority for the expansion of eucalyptus planting in the region, due to the vast pasture areas and the mostly degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Integrated environmental analysis in watershed are considered strategic for diagnosis of natural resources inappropriate uses and to propose measures for mitigating environmental degradation at different scales. This study aimed to qualify and quantify land-use conflict in microbasins through physical-conservationist diagnosis. For so, an integrated analysis of the morphometrics parameters of water basins, as drainage density, circularity index and average slope, with the rate of physical-conservationist deterioration (IDFC), resulting from the analysis of land-use conflicts, was carried out, in eight microbasins in the municipalities of Pratânia and São Manuel, São Paulo, Brazil. It was observed that the microbasin III had the highest value of IDFC, mainly due to the use of Permanent Preservation Areas, while the microbasin I had the lower value due to the significant land-use by native forests. The combination of physical-conservationist diagnosis with morphometrics parameters results in an effective method for qualifying and quantifying of land-use conflicts in watersheds, thus helping prioritizing actions of environmental management and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management / Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The science related to the Geography needs on the cartographic resources to represent its peculiarities. The graphical representation has a huge influence to the spatial data interpretation, both on human or physical levels. Thus, the Geomorphology, a science which has by study object the landforms and the process linked to them, has cartography as a representation form, in special the Geomorphological Cartography, which is one of the media types of analysis and presentation of results of Geomorphology. In this context, the article presents the application of Geomorphological Cartography that uses geoprocessing techniques through the production of a handbook (tutorial) who presents a methodology of this issue. Therefore, becoming indispensable in the process of teaching and learning of this discipline within academic curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research work presents, based on geoprocessing and field surveys, erosion-susceptible areas in the Atibaia headwater stream watershed: Cachoeira and Atibainha upstream Cantareira System dams. In addition to slope characteristics, water-saturated areas also intervene in the surface runoff process, being considered, therefore, erosion-susceptible areas. Thus, relief information such as slope and water-saturated areas, land use in two scenarios, in 1986 and 2005, and their respective procedures, were crossed. The results indicated that in 1986 and 2005, land use was represented by native forest, pasture and forestry, with a transition: pasture and native forest are being replaced by forestry. In the studied area, medium wavy relief is predominant, i. e., 20 to 32.5% slope, and water-saturated areas represent 25% of total area. The highly erosion-susceptible areas evolved during the 19-year interval, and the Atibainha watershed presented the highest indices. The identification of erosion-susceptible areas using historical series provides data useful in assisting the recognition of the region's reality, pointing ways for agriculture-environment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is show some results of vegetation index calculated to the cities of Salgueiro, Mirandiba, Carnaubeiras da Penha and Floresta, located in the semi-arid of Pernambuco, Brazil. Was used images from sensor TM-Landsat 7, whose image is the orbit/point 216/66, date of obtaining January 23, 2003. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been widely used in various operational applications, including mapping of vegetation, land use classification, detection and tracking of environment changes. The NDVI can be easily linked to certain parameters of vegetation such as phytomass, leaf area, productivity and photosynthetic activity, percentage of green cover, and others. This is a very simple index, resulting from the difference between the reflectance of the near infrared (NIR) and reflectance in the red (R), divided by the sum of the two reflectance respectivement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management / Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil is the property of University of Puerto Rico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)