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Training the high-order competency of complex thinking encompasses addressing its sub-competencies of critical, innovative, scientific and systemic thinking. In this framework, how do the practices of reasoning for complexity in Latin American institutions differ from other regions? This study focused on comparing training practices that promote complex thinking in national and international educational entities through analysis of their programs and alternative professional credentials to identify best educational practices. The comparative education method benchmarked the selected institutions and compared the best educational practices. The four categories of analysis were the philosophical, theoretical, and political components and the educational process. A significant-document analysis was applied to publications found on the websites of 19 educational institutions, and the data were triangulated. The findings accounted for (a) educational institutions seeking to educate individuals who can improve the quality of life in society and contribute to sustainable development, (b) educational practices aimed at developing complex thinking competencies and lifelong learning as essential for new educational models, (c) the collaboration of researchers, faculty, and other stakeholders, and appropriate tools for formative assessment, promoting the development of complex reasoning competencies in changing environments, and (d) educational processes focused on developing high skills, innovation, and digital transformation as essential for designing the future of education. This study is intended to be of value to managers, decision-makers, professors, researchers, and society interested in creating new programs to develop high-level capabilities, such as complex thinking.

Introduction This article shows how the current government of Jair Bolsonaro threatens the work of the press with attacks on journalists and media in Brazil that are critical of Bolsonaro's political management. Main goal This work of analysis and reflection aims to make visible the mechanisms of violence exerted on journalists through virtual harassment, disinformation practices and a hate speech against the politically correct promoted by the president. That is a part of the process classified as posttruth. Method Based on the analysis of the speech of Bolsonaro and other political figures, as well as offensive publications on social networks and judicial investigations, this article proofs the political strategy to promote disinformation. Results To achieve this objective, both the president and his followers affirm that the majority of the press is their enemy and they encourage delegitimization of the press. This strategy, lead by Bolsonaro, is looking to promote unilateral and partial communication with the population, to the detriment of professional informational criteria. The Supreme Court is processing various accusations against the president and his government for acts of disinformation and threats against journalist. Conclusions The Brazilian government ignores its constitutional responsibility to guarantee the freedom of the press and, in addition, exerts direct threats against journalists. This pressure sometimes translates into censorship or selfcensorship, as some professional's fear for their moral integrity and for their jobs. These practices hinder information work and threaten democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although rare, sedimentary deposits containing exceptionally preserved fossils (i.e., Lagerstätten) have shaped our view on the history of life at particular intervals, such as those recording the Cambrian radiation of animals. Therefore, understanding the processes that lead to the fossilization of unmineralized tissues is crucial to better interpret these fossil assemblages. A key issue on the fossilization of exceptionally preserved fossils is linked to the role of clay minerals in the high-fidelity preservation of recalcitrant and soft tissues. Here, we show for the first time, an association of unusual fibrous clays with carbonaceous fossils (Vendotaenia) in the late Ediacaran Tamengo Formation (Mato Grosso do Sul State, western Brazil). The vendotaeniaceans occur in laminated mudstones/siltstones interpreted as being deposited in outer to distal mid-ramp depositionary settings. The fossils are characterized by ribbon-shaped compressions 0.56 mm in mean width. The fibrous clays are obliquely oriented with respect to the bedding plane, and follow the orientation of tectonically deformed structures. Our mineralogical, geochemical, and petrographic data demonstrate that these clays are mainly composed of chlorite-smectite mixed layered minerals, with >50% chlorite. Altogether, our results suggest that these fibrous minerals formed in the late-diagenetic zone to lower anchizone, reinforcing the previous idea that clay minerals associated with fossils are not necessarily related to the preservation of soft tissues. Instead, the initial preservative pathway in our fossils was probably restricted to organic matter conservation in reducing fine-grained sediments, similar to other deposits with carbonaceous fossils. This newly established mechanism, which involves the formation of clays on organic templates in the late-diagenetic zone, is likely a more widespread phenomenon than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]