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There are constant reports of fish parasites in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Crustaceans are important parasites that cause damage to farmed fish. They have a great diversity of species and call attention because they are macroscopic in the parasitic phase and present wide variation of shape and size. Thus, the present study aims to report the identification of Perulernaea gamitanae (Crustacea: Lernaeidae) for the first time in pirapitinga fish (Piaractus brachypomus). Parasitic lipids were collected in the tongue of five pirapitinga fish from fish farming in Rolim de Moura-RO. In the parasitized sites no inflammation and no fibrous nodules were observed. To the stereomicroscope were identified as P. gamitanae, all adult females fertilized, they had two bags of eggs each. The study of fish parasites that cause damage to fish farming is an expanding area and requires more studies to understand the mechanisms of action of parasites, and thus avoid diseases and mortality of the establishment. P. gamitanae has shown that it can adapt to new hosts, which can lead to an increase in infestation potential and increase its geographical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Temnocephala Blanchard, 1849 from southern Brazil was found on two species of anomuran crustaceans, Aegla spinipalma Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 and Aegla grisella Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, the latter classified as a vulnerable species by the "Lista de Referência da Fauna Ameaçada de Extinção no Rio Grande do Sul. Decreto no 41.672, de 11 junho de 2002". The crustaceans were collected from a tributary creek of the Forqueta river, Perau de Janeiro, Arvorezinha and a tributary creek of the Fão river, Pouso Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; both localities belong to the Sub-Basin of Forqueta River. The new species differs from seven other temnocephalans epibionts on Aegla Leach, 1820, by having the following characters: 1. a long and slightly curved cirrus, 2. two vaginal sphincters, one proximal, big and asymmetric, and one distal, smaller and symmetric, and; 3. longer than wide, elongated epidermal 'excretory' syncytial plates (EPs), with a almost horizontally central excretory pore, displaced to the anterior portion of the plate. The new species' EP is the largest in total length among epibionts temnocephalans in crustaceans already registered. Regarding the similarities with the male reproductive system of Temnocephala axenos Monticelli, 1898, the new species has important differences in the female reproductive system. It has a larger proximal vaginal sphincter, located in the middle of the vagina, while the smaller distal one is at the extreme end of the organ. Besides that, the vaginal portion between the proximal and distal sphincters is conspicuous, with a strong muscular wall. This is the first record of a species of Temnocephala in the Taquari Valley, as well in the 'Perau de Janeiro', which is an area with a rich endemic fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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