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Copyright of Rev Rene is the property of Rev Rene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to analyze the quality of life of kidney transplant receivers in the State of Amazonas. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive study, performed with 222 individuals after renal transplantation registered in a private clinic and in a health public ambulatory. Data collection took place through structured interviews where the quality of life was measured by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life -- Short Form. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: the quality of life scores found ranged from 36.5 to 83.1. The quality of life domains, specifics of renal disease, have proved to be superior to generic ones. The most compromised were work situation; sleep; physical function and emotional function, with scores of 36.5; 53.7; 52.4; 55.1, respectively, and correlated moderately and significantly with each other. Conclusion: the majority (63.2%) of the quality of life domains obtained high scores and the specific component of renal disease had higher scores than the generic component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Paulista de Pediatria is the property of Assocoacao de Pediatria de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The cerebrovascular accident (stroke) still characterized as a major public health problem and the leading cause of severe neurological disability. Objective: To analyze the profile of patients with sequel of stroke. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, held in the home of patients with sequel of stroke (João Pessoa / PB). Results: There was a predominance of females; Senior citizens; married; low level of education; and low income. Regarding the identification of stroke, most had the first episode of ischemic type, with time of ocurrence between six months and one year, and the most prevalent comorbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Conclusion: In this feeling, there is an urgent need to expand knowledge through conducting more scientific studies for age, sex, risk, economic and social factors that may influence the incidence of stroke and other co-morbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-five elderly persons (67 ± 2 years old) were divided into the following groups: control (CG), resistive exercise (REG), stretching (SG), and resistive exercise and stretching (RESG). All the groups participated in warm-up, but the REG and the RESG were followed by resistive exercise (65%, 70%, and 75% of a maximum of 10 repetitions); the SG participated in 60 seconds of stretching exercise; and RESG, participated in both. Range of motion was evaluated with a fleximeter. The SG increased hip flexion and maintained after detraining. The REG augmented dorsiflexion after 12 weeks. The RESG increased hip extension after 6 and 12 weeks and maintained after detraining. Resistive exercise and stretching, performed alone, were sufficient to increase range of motion. Stretching was determinant in an early gain and its maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Agro@mbiente On-line is the property of Revista Agro@mbiente On-line and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Water Resources / Recursos Hídricos is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to characterize symptoms and signs of Mouth Breathing in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and with complaints about school underachievement. The specific objectives were to relate the found characteristics to the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder types, gender and age of this population. Methods: data were collected at ADOLESCENTRO; a public institution of the State Secretary of Health of the Federal District - Brazil. Nocturne and daytime symptoms that appeared in the age ranging between two and twelve-years-old were reported by the parents and were analyzed, as well as some signs cited on literature as being common characteristics of Mouth Breathing. Results: a high frequency of Mouth Breathing characteristics were found to be associated with snoring, nocturne mouth breathing, rhinitis, sialorrhoea, dark undereye circles and dry lips. Related to the symptoms, an association was found among tonsillitis and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder types; sialorrhoea on the pillow with masculine gender and daytime mouth breathing; nocturne mouth breathing, sialorrhoea on the pillow with age. An association was found between non-functional lips with age and non-functional tongue with age. Conclusion: the possibility of simultaneous existence of Mouth Breathing on children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and complaints about school underachievement requires a deeper diagnostic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Adrenocortical tumor (ACT) is rare in children and fatal if not detected early. Children who inherit a mutation of the TP53 gene tend to develop ACT early in life. In the 1990s, scientists revealed that a TP53 variant (R337H) was frequent in South Brazil. Therefore, the incidence of ACT in children is 20 times higher in this region than in other countries. We reviewed the records of 16 children with ACT treated in a pediatric hospital in Parana state (southern Brazil) and 134 children registered in the state public registry data. We found a high number of cases with advanced disease, leading to an unacceptable number of deaths. These observations contradict newborn R337H screening and surveillance data, showing that surgical intervention in early cases of ACT is associated with a 100% cure. Newborn screening/surveillance should be implemented in regions with a high frequency of the R337H variant. The incidence of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACT) is high in southern Brazil due to the founder TP53 R337H variant. Neonatal screening/surveillance (NSS) for this variant resulted in early ACT detection and improved outcomes. The medical records of children with ACT who did not participate in newborn screening (non-NSS) were reviewed (2012–2018). We compared known prognostic factors between the NSS and non-NSS cohorts and estimated surveillance and treatment costs. Of the 16 non-NSS children with ACT carrying the R337H variant, the disease stages I, II, III, and IV were observed in five, five, one, and five children, respectively. The tumor weight ranged from 22 to 608 g. The 11 NSS children with ACT all had disease stage I and were alive. The median tumor weight, age of diagnosis, and interval between symptoms and diagnosis were 21 g, 1.9 years, and two weeks, respectively, for the NSS cohort and 210 g, 5.2 years, and 15 weeks, respectively, for the non-NSS cohort. The estimated surveillance/screening cost per year of life saved is US$623/patient. NSS is critical for improving the outcome of pediatric ACT in this region. Hence, we strongly advocate for the inclusion of R337H in the state-mandated universal screening and surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TP53 R337H mutation is associated with increased incidence of pediatric adrenocortical tumor (ACT). The different environmental conditions where R337H carriers live have not been systematically analyzed. Here, the R337H frequencies, ACT incidences, and R337H penetrance for ACT were calculated using the 2006 cohort with 4165 R337H carriers living in Paraná state (PR) subregions. The effectiveness of a second surveillance for R337H probands selected from 42,438 tested newborns in PR (2016 cohort) was tested to detect early stage I tumor among educated families without periodical exams. Estimation of R337H frequencies and ACT incidence in Santa Catarina state (SC) used data from 50,115 tested newborns without surveillance, ACT cases from a SC hospital, and a public cancer registry. R337H carrier frequencies in the population were 0.245% (SC) and 0.306% (PR), and 87% and 95% in ACTs, respectively. The ACT incidence was calculated as ~6.4/million children younger than 10 years per year in PR (95% CI: 5.28; 7.65) and 4.15/million in SC (CI 95%: 2.95; 5.67). The ACT penetrance in PR for probands followed from birth to 12 years was 3.9%. R337H carriers living in an agricultural subregion (C1) had a lower risk of developing pediatric ACT than those living in industrial and large urban subregion (relative risk = 2.4). One small ACT (21g) without recurrence (1/112) was detected by the parents in the 2016 cohort. ACT incidence follows R337H frequency in each population, but remarkably environmental factors modify these rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Any event involving drug therapy that may interfere in a patient's desired clinical outcome is called a drug related problem (DRP). DRP are very common in intensive therapy, however, little is known about DRP in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of DRPs in NICU patients and to characterize DRPs according to type, cause and corresponding pharmaceutical conducts.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in the NICU at a teaching hospital in Brazil from January 2014 to November 2016. The data were collected from the records of the clinical pharmacy service, excluding neonates admitted for less than 24 h and those who had no drugs prescribed. DRPs were classified according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe system and evaluated for relevance-safety.Results: Six hundred neonates were included in the study, with mean gestational age of 31.9 ± 4.1 weeks and mean birth weight of 1779 ± 885 g. The incidence of DRPs in the NICU was 6.8% patient-days (95%CI 6.2-7.3%) and affected 59.8% of neonates (95% CI 55.8-63.8%). Sub-optimal effect (52.8%) and inappropriate dose selection (39.75%) were the most common problem and cause, respectively. Anti-infectives was the medication class most involved in DRPs. More than one-third of neonates were exposed to DRP of significant or high safety-relevance. Most of the pharmaceutical interventions were related with drug prescription, with over 90% acceptance by attending physicians.Conclusion: DRP are common in NICU, predominating problems of sub-optimal treatment, mainly due to inappropriate dose selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is little information on the frequency of drug incompatibilities in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and the agents most commonly involved in them. The objective of the study was to characterize potential Drug Incompatibilities (DI) in the NICU by frequency, type and combination of drugs. Methods: Between August 2015 and December 2016, all neonates admitted for more than 24 h and who received any drug treatment were included in this cohort study conducted in the NICU of a teaching maternity hospital in Brazil. Patient data were collected from patient records and prescription orders, and the compatibilities of all drug pairs were classified using the Trissel's™ 2 IV Compatibility tool. Network analysis was performed in order to visualize the drug pairs commonly involved in potential DI. Results: The study population consisted of 281 neonates with a median NICU length of stay of 11 days (range 2–184) and received 1343 intravenous medications. A total of 1114 potential DI were identified, 469 (42.1%) were restricted compatibilities, 348 (31.2%) unknown compatibilities and 297 (26.7%) documented incompatibilities. The incidence of documented incompatibilities in the NICU was 25.0% patient-days (95% confidence interval (CI) 19.4–30.7% patient-days). Incompatible potential DI affected 46.3% (95%CI 40.3–52.3%) of the neonates. Ampicillin (408 of 1114 pairs), gentamicin (216 of 1114 pairs) and aminophylline (197 of 1114 pairs) were the main medicines involved in potential DI. Conclusion: Potential DI are extremely common in NICU, with half of the population susceptible to simultaneous administration of incompatible medications. More research is needed to understand the actual drug incompatibilities and their clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cancer Behavior Inventory - Brief Version., Method: Methodological study, conducted between November and December 2021, with 140 patients undergoing hospital cancer treatment in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Psychometric analyses were performed in the adapted version, using exploratory factor analysis and correlation with correlated constructs., Results: A two-factor and 10-item model was evidenced. The cumulative variance explained about 61% the shared variance of the items. Satisfactory values were observed for the factors in the analyses of composite reliability (0.89 and 0.91, respectively), internal consistency (0.86 and 0.91, respectively) and ORION (0.89 and 0.85, respectively). The expected correlations of self-efficacy with quality of life (convergent) and with anxiety and depression (divergent) were evident., Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed evidence of validity, being considered reliable to assess the self-efficacy of patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of XLH in Paraná, a state in southern Brazil, and report the clinical features and complications of the disease., Methods: We invited all endocrinologists (n = 205), nephrologists (n = 221), orthopedic surgeons (n = 1020), and pediatricians (n = 1000) in Paraná to fill out an electronic survey with information on patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and searched the records of the state's health department for all calcitriol prescriptions in 2018., Results: In all, 244 (10%) specialists responded to the email, of whom 18 (7.4%) reported to be taking care of patients with XLH and answered the online survey. A total of 57 patients with XLH were identified (prevalence 5 per million inhabitants). The median age at diagnosis was 22 years, and 42.2% were children and adolescents. Fifteen patients had genetic testing showing a PHEX mutation. Overall, 91.2% had bone deformities, 30.8% had a history of fragility fractures, and 22.4% had renal complications., Conclusion: This study demonstrated a prevalence of XLH of 5 cases per million inhabitants in the state of Paraná, a rate lower than the one reported in other countries. Manifestations of renal calcification and bone fragility were frequent among the patients. This is the first epidemiological study evaluating the prevalence and clinical presentation of XLH in Latin America.

Introduction: Regulatory agencies are responsible for defining the use of off-label (OL) and unlicensed (UL) drug prescription in neonatal intensive care. However, these regulatory criteria may differ between agencies in different countries. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of OL and UL drug prescription in a sample of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit applying the criteria of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States and the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) of Brazil, analysing the differences observed in the results based on the applied criteria., Methods: Prospective cohort study in neonates admitted for more than 24hours to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a teaching maternity hospital between August 2017 and July 2018. We obtained information concerning the drugs included in the analysis of OL and UL prescriptions from the DrugDex-Micromedex® and official information on pharmaceutical products in Brazil. We used the kappa correlation coefficient to assess the agreement between the FDA and ANVISA criteria. We defined disagreement as a kappa value of less than 0.200., Results: We evaluated 220 neonates admitted to the NICU and 17,421 items prescribed during the study period. We did not find a difference in the proportion of neonates in which at least 1 drug was prescribed under OL conditions applying the FDA versus the ANVISA criteria (96.4% vs. 98.6%). We found differences between the FDA and ANVISA in the OL classification based on the authorised age of use and indications for prescription, mainly in systemic antimicrobials and cardiovascular drugs. When we compared the prescribing information provided by the FDA and the ANVISA, we found that the criteria of the ANVISA were less specific., Conclusions: OL and UL drug prescription are frequent in neonatal intensive care applying the criteria of either agency, although the FDA has established more detailed criteria in terms of the ages and indications for which prescription is authorised., (Copyright © 2020 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: to analyze the psychometric properties of the adapted version of Bakas Caregiving Outcome Scale for Brazilian Portuguese., Method: this is a cross-sectional methodological study conducted with 151 informal caregivers of people with cerebral vascular accident sequelae enrolled in Family Health Units. To assess reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. Construct validity was verified through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with measures of instruments that evaluate correlated constructs., Results: Cronbach's alpha for the total BCOS score was 0.89. Factor and exploratory analysis generated a one-factor structure, which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was supported by the high positive correlations with Negative Affect (r = 0.51) and Negative Experience (r = 0.47) of the Well-being Scale and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale -21 (r = 0.53) and negative correlations with Positive Affect (r =-0.47) and Positive Experience (r = -0.17) of the Well-being scale., Conclusion: Bakas Caregiving Outcome Scale shows evidence of satisfactory reliability and validity in family caregivers of cerebral vascular accident survivors.

Objectives: to associate pleasure and suffering indicators with aspects related to nursing work in hospitals., Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted with 152 nurses from a university hospital in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews, using a tool to obtain sociodemographic data, work characteristics and the Pleasure and Suffering Indicators at Work Scale., Results: pleasure living and its domains were rated as satisfactory, while suffering factors and their domains were critically assessed. Statistically significant associations were observed among pleasure and suffering indicators, and some characteristics of nurses' work., Conclusions: it was evidenced that nurses had critical levels of suffering at work associated with their work practice characteristics.

Objective: To determine the frequency and nature of the Drug Related Problems (DRP) in neonates with cardiac diseases admitted to an Intensive Care Unit., Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was developed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a teaching maternity hospital in Brazil from January 2014 to December 2016. All neonates diagnosed with any heart disease (congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, etc.) and who were admitted to the NICU for more than 24 hours with at least one prescribed drug were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the records of the institution's clinical pharmacy service. DRP and their respective interventions were independently reviewed and classified by two pharmacists. DRP classification was performed through the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe v6.2 system., Results: 122 neonates were included in the study. The frequency of neonates exposed to DRP was 76.4% (confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] 65.9-82.0), with a mean of 3.2±3.8 cases/patient. In total, 390 DRP were identified, of which 49.0% were related to "treatment effectiveness", 46.7% to "adverse reactions" and 1.0% to "treatment costs". The medicines most involved in DRP were Vancomycin (10.2%; n=46), Meropenem (8.0%; n=36) and Furosemide (7.1%; n=32). Pharmacists performed 331 interventions, of which 92.1% were accepted by physicians and nurses., Conclusions: The study showed that DRP are very frequent in patients with cardiac diseases hospitalized in the NICU, predominating problems related to the effectiveness and safety of the drug treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of work on nursing professionals' health., Method: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with nurses from a university hospital in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews using an instrument to obtain sociodemographic data and health conditions and the Pleasure and Suffering Indicators at Work Scale (PSIWS)., Results: There were 152 nurses who participated. The Experience of Pleasure and its domains were rated as satisfactory, while Suffering Factors and their domains were critically evaluated. Statistically significant associations were observed (p≤0.05) between the indicators of pleasure and suffering and some health conditions, health problems and medication use., Conclusion: Satisfactory levels of pleasure were associated with better health conditions and critical levels of suffering were associated with worse health conditions.

Objective: To investigate the functional capacity and its relationship with the level of social support to people affected by cerebrovascular accident., Methods: Cross-sectional and quantitative research, conducted with 108 individuals with sequelae of cerebrovascular accident in João Pessoa/PB. Data were collected through interviews, using a sociodemographic instrument - the Barthel Index and the Social Support Scale., Results: We observed the prevalence of functional dependency in 93.5%, and the mild dependency stood out in 40.7%. Medium social support was the most found, with 48.2%. The predominant dimensions of social support were the material dimension, followed by the emotional. There was a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between very serious dependency and high social support., Conclusion: The results found allow us to reflect on the need for involvement of health professionals in strengthening the social support of patients with disabling diseases, such as the cerebrovascular accident.

Objective: To identify patient factors and medications associated with the occurrence of drug-related problems (DRPs) in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs)., Design: Prospective, longitudinal study., Setting: NICU of a teaching hospital in Brazil., Participants: Data were collected from the records of the clinical pharmacy service of all neonates admitted between April 2014 and January 2017, excluding neonates with length of stay in the NICU <24 hours or without prescribed drugs., Primary Outcome Measures: Occurrence of one or more DRP (conditions interfering in the patient's pharmacotherapy with potential undesired clinical outcomes)., Results: The study observed 600 neonates who had a median length of stay in the NICU of 13 days (range 2-278 days). DRPs were identified in most neonates (60.5%). In a multivariate logistic regression model, the factors independently associated with DRP were gestational age (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89), 5 min Apgar <7 (AOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.13), neurological disease (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.69), renal disease (AOR 5.75, 95% CI 1.85 to 17.8) and cardiac disease (AOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.24). The medications with greater risk for DRP were amphotericin B (AOR 4.80), meropenem (AOR 4.09), alprostadil (AOR 3.38), vancomycin (AOR 3.34), ciprofloxacin (AOR 3.03), gentamicin (AOR 2.43), cefepime (AOR 1.88), amikacin (AOR 1.82) and omeprazole (AOR 1.66). These medicines represented one-third of all prescribed drugs., Conclusions: Gestational age, 5 min Apgar <7, and neurological, cardiac and renal diseases are risk factors for DRP in NICUs. Alprostadil, omeprazole and several anti-infectives were associated with greater risk of DRP., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: To characterize severe potential drug interactions in maternal intensive care, and to determine their frequency, risk factors and potential risk medications., Methods: An observational and longitudinal study conducted between December 2014 and December 2015 in a maternal intensive care unit. Clinical data were collected and severe potential drug interactions were identified on pregnant inpatients. The drug interactions were classified by type, prevalence and exposure rate. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the severe potential drug interactions and the related drugs (p<0.05)., Results: A total of 95.1% of patients were exposed to, at least, one potential drug interaction; in that, 91.7% 33.9% were related to, respectively, moderate and severe potential drug interactions. The patients were exposed, on average, on 69.2% of days they were in the intensive care unit. The main drugs involved in more severe drug interactions were magnesium sulfate, metoclopramide, propranolol and diazepam., Conclusion: The severe potential drug interactions were observed in almost all patients of the study, and, approximately one third of those interactions were related to greater severity and resulted in exposure during long hospital stay. The higher number of prescribed drugs and its previous use of medications at home increase the occurrence of severe potential drug interactions.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in COPD patients, as well as to determine whether sarcopenia correlates with the severity and prognosis of COPD., Methods: A cross-sectional study with COPD patients followed at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of our institution. The patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made on the basis of the skeletal muscle index, defined as appendicular lean mass/height2 only for low-weight subjects and adjusted for fat mass in normal/overweight subjects. Disease severity (COPD stage) was evaluated with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. The degree of obstruction and prognosis were determined by the Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE) index., Results: We recruited 91 patients (50 females), with a mean age of 67.4 ± 8.7 years and a mean BMI of 25.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2. Sarcopenia was observed in 36 (39.6%) of the patients, with no differences related to gender, age, or smoking status. Sarcopenia was not associated with the GOLD stage or with FEV1 (used as an indicator of the degree of obstruction). The BMI, percentage of body fat, and total lean mass were lower in the patients with sarcopenia than in those without (p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was more prevalent among the patients in BODE quartile 3 or 4 than among those in BODE quartile 1 or 2 (p = 0.009). The multivariate analysis showed that the BODE quartile was significantly associated with sarcopenia, regardless of age, gender, smoking status, and GOLD stage., Conclusions: In COPD patients, sarcopenia appears to be associated with unfavorable changes in body composition and with a poor prognosis.

Objective: To analyze patients younger than 2 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated in the period between 1990 and 2010 in a state reference center., Methods: This was a clinical-epidemiological, cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study. It included patients younger than 2 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated in the period of 1990 to 2010 in a pediatric oncology unit of a state reference center, totaling 41 cases., Results: All patients were white ethnicity, and 60.9% were females. Regarding age, 24.38% were younger than 6 months, 17.07% were between 6 months and 1 year, and 58.53% were older than 1 year. The age of 6 months was statistically significant for the outcome of death. Predominant signs and symptoms were fever, bruising, and petechiae. A leukocyte count > 100,000 was found in 34.14% of cases, hemoglobin count < 11 in 95.13%, and platelet count < 100,000 in 75.61. Infiltration of central nervous system was present in 12.91% of patients. According to the lineage, B-cell lineage predominated (73%), but the T-cell line was statistically significant for death. 39% of patients had disease recurrence. In relation to vital status, 70.73% of the patients died; septic shock was the main cause., Conclusions: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants has a high mortality rate, especially in children under 1 year and those with T-cell derived lineage., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

From a canine case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the locality of Santa Rita de Cássia, municipality of Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, a serological survey was performed on 177 dogs and 43 cats. Evaluation of the canine serum samples showed that 10% had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and 10.7% in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the feline serum samples tested, none of the animals had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and only one (2.4%) showed a positive reaction in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection of an autochthonous case of Leishmania braziliensis in Barra Mansa gives warning that a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis is possibly becoming established in this region.