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Objective: There is limited evidence about the cross-cultural validity of autistic symptoms in schoolaged children in Brazil. We used data from a large school survey to evaluate the factor structure of autism symptoms in community-dwelling children and adolescents. Methods: We translated the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test to Brazilian Portuguese and performed factor analyses to investigate the factor structure of parent-reported autistic symptoms in a large sample (n=8,571) of children/adolescents from a school survey in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Results: Autistic symptoms were best conceptualized under a correlated-factors model with two factors: one predominantly characterized by social-communication symptoms and the other by symptoms of inflexible/restricted language, behaviors, and interests. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the structure of autistic symptoms in Brazil is similar to that described in other countries, indicating the cross-cultural validity of autism in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• An overview of boiler accidents in Brazil is presented. • STAMP/CAST is used to analyse a boiler explosion accident in Brazil. • New and more relevant causal factors are added to the official investigation report. • The adoption of new accident analysis models by government agencies is suggested. Recent technological advances have allowed some human activities, including those related to safety, to be automated. However, these advances increased the complexity of sociotechnical systems, representing exponential growth of interactions between humans, computers, machines, and the environment. Moreover, growing productive and economic pressures demand safer and more reliable products and projects, at lower costs and time than those practised by competitors. To cope with this complexity and set of conflicting objectives, the STAMP (Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) emerged as a novel approach to analyse processes and accidents. In this study, an overview of boiler accidents in Brazil is presented and a causal analysis based on STAMP (CAST) is conducted to revisit one of the worst boiler accidents in the Brazilian scenario. Even without direct participation in the investigations, additional and more relevant risk factors are evidenced. Furthermore, it was found that government agencies generally refrain from reviewing their own control actions contributing to the hazard, limiting their potential improvements. This suggests a need for companies and government agencies to adopt new paradigms of risk and accident analysis and to work together for a systemic safety improvement approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is limited evidence about the cross-cultural validity of autistic symptoms in school-aged children in Brazil. We used data from a large school survey to evaluate the factor structure of autism symptoms in community-dwelling children and adolescents., Methods: We translated the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test to Brazilian Portuguese and performed factor analyses to investigate the factor structure of parent-reported autistic symptoms in a large sample (n=8,571) of children/adolescents from a school survey in the metropolitan area of São Paulo., Results: Autistic symptoms were best conceptualized under a correlated-factors model with two factors: one predominantly characterized by social-communication symptoms and the other by symptoms of inflexible/restricted language, behaviors, and interests., Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that the structure of autistic symptoms in Brazil is similar to that described in other countries, indicating the cross-cultural validity of autism in Brazil., Competing Interests: EBC has served as consultant, advisory board member, and/or speaker for Aché, Mantecorp, and Takeda. GVP has served as consultant, advisory board member, and/or speaker for Abbott, Aché, Medice, Novo Nordisk, and Takeda; and has received royalties from Editora Manole. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

Background: Although dental caries is a globally widespread disease, there is no consensus regarding the method that should be used for their detection. In recent decades, a variety of new methods have been proposed for measuring caries in a population. Three caries detection methods, the decayed, missing and filled (DMF) index, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST), were compared to provide information to guide future method choices. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which three methods were used to measure caries in students, staff and their dependents at UNEB (State University of Bahia), Salvador, Brazil. We compared the mean application time of each method and the frequencies obtained by each method using the following indicators: the most severe caries lesion per individual; the mean number of missing, filled and decayed teeth; and the disease extent. Results: The mean time taken to apply the DMF was 3.8 min; for ICDAS, it took 8.9 min, and for CAST, 4.7 min. When calculating the indicator the most severe caries lesion per individual, the prevalence rates were as follows: 28.1% for DMF, 84.0% for ICDAS and 75.0% for CAST. The mean numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth were 6.0 according to the DMF, 6.2 according to ICDAS and 5.9 according to CAST. When the disease extension indicator was used, the following percentages of teeth were affected by caries: DMF 22.12%, ICDAS 49.11% and CAST 33.2%. Conclusions: The DMF underestimated the occurrence of caries lesions in individuals but was the fastest method to apply. ICDAS obtained detailed information regarding lesion severity, but it was a time-consuming method and difficult to analyse. CAST described disease distributions very well and identified lesion severities and preventive and curative needs in the examined group, and the time required to apply CAST was similar to that of the DMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate whether an association exists between school performance, quality of life, dental caries, and dental pain in children between 6 and 8 years of age., Methods: All 6- to 8-year-old children enrolled in the second year of the six public schools in Paranoá-FD were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. In total, 374 consented. Dental caries was recorded according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index by two trained examiners. Dental pain was assessed during clinical examination. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) was used to assess the oral health-related quality of life, and sociodemographic data were collected. The child's school performance was measured through Provinha Brasil according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and a multivariate regression model were used for data analysis., Results: 185 boys and 189 girls participants with a mean age of 7.2 (±0.5) years were included in the study. The prevalence of dentin carious lesions for this group was 40.6 and 49.2 percent, including enamel-only lesions. The prevalence of dental pain was 2.8 percent. A high performance in reading (63.6 percent) and in mathematics (79.4 percent) was observed and were not associated with the presence of cavitated dentin carious lesions or dental pain. A significant association was found between school performance and the final CPQ score., Conclusion: School performance as measured by the Provinha Brasil examination was not associated with carious lesions or dental pain. Students with lower school performance had higher CPQ scores., (© 2018 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.)