1. Rates and intensity of re-infection with human helminths after treatment and the influence of individual, household, and environmental factors in a Brazilian community.
- Author
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Cundill B, Alexander N, Bethony JM, Diemert D, Pullan RL, and Brooker S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aftercare, Aged, Animals, Brazil, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Characteristics, Feces parasitology, Female, Hookworm Infections drug therapy, Hookworm Infections economics, Hookworm Infections parasitology, Hookworm Infections transmission, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Parasite Egg Count, Prevalence, Recurrence, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Schistosomiasis mansoni drug therapy, Schistosomiasis mansoni economics, Schistosomiasis mansoni parasitology, Schistosomiasis mansoni transmission, Ancylostomatoidea physiology, Hookworm Infections epidemiology, Hookworm Infections prevention & control, Schistosoma mansoni physiology, Schistosomiasis mansoni epidemiology, Schistosomiasis mansoni prevention & control
- Abstract
This study quantifies the rate and intensity of re-infection with human hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infection 12 months following successful treatment, and investigates the influence of socio-economic, geographical and environmental factors. A longitudinal study of 642 individuals aged over 5 years was conducted in Minas Gerais State, Brazil from June 2004 to March 2006. Risk factors were assessed using interval censored regression for the rate and negative binomial regression for intensity. The crude rate and intensity of hookworm re-infection was 0·21 per year (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·15-0·29) and 70·9 epg (95% CI 47·2-106·6). For S. mansoni the rate was 0·06 per year (95% CI 0·03-0·10) and intensity 6·51 epg (95% CI 3·82-11·11). Rate and intensity of re-infection with hookworm were highest among males and positively associated with previous infection status, absence of a toilet and house structure. Rate and intensity of S. mansoni re-infection were associated with previous infection status as well as geographical, environmental and socio-economic factors. The implications of findings for the design of anti-helminth vaccine trials are discussed.
- Published
- 2011
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