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Purpose: To understand the process of an international doctoral physical education teacher education instructor instituting change during one semester of teaching a university course in the United States. Method: Data included reflexive journal entries, recordings of peer debriefing meetings with a critical friend, informal WhatsApp messages, and anonymous feedback from students. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The three main themes were (a) action research as a tool for change, (b) the challenges of the first year as a doctoral physical education teacher education instructor, and (c) the power of reflection. We discuss the main challenges the first author faced and the complexities of the process of developing her pedagogical philosophies in teaching higher education for the first time in a new culture. Conclusions: Action research served as a tool to overcome challenges, develop confidence, and autonomy. The support system provided by her advisors was the main asset for achieving pedagogical change.

Introduction: This paper contributes to the research on teacher burnout by distinguishing between two aspects of work demands that are usually merged in the "workload" construct: the quantity of the demands (quantitative demands) and the cognitive effort they require (cognitive demands). Such a distinction may offer insight into how educational administrators should manage certain types of work demands. Method: In an international sample of 209 kindergarten, primary and lower secondary teachers working in 110 schools from four different countries (Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Spain), we administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQII). We conducted three separate multiple regressions in which the work conditions (COPSOQII) were set (forced entry) as predictors of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment (MBI). Results: We found that quantitative and cognitive demands predict teacher burnout differently: while quantitative demands predict emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, cognitive demands play a protective role in relation to those two components and also predict personal accomplishment. Additionally, we found that emotional demands positively predict emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and negatively predict personal accomplishment. We also found that support from colleagues and community positively predicts personal accomplishment, but shows no significant relationship with either emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Discussion and Conclusion: Results suggest that the distinction between the quantity of demands and the cognitive effort they require is meaningful and important for future research and practice in the field of teaching. One important implication for educational administration is that the quantity of work assigned to teachers should be kept relatively low but, at the same time, this work should be cognitively activating and demanding.

This paper has as its aim to analyze how CityVille, a videogame hosted on Facebook and oriented to the construction of a virtual city, can favor collaboration between gamers along with the exchange of strategies, equally contributing to learning transfer and skill acquisition. The first step consists in identifying the opportunities which the said game can offer in order to develop skills and promote learning formats linked with planning and resource management, after which a presentation is made of the opinions expressed by a sample of gamers (N = 105)--belonging to the Fans-CityVille community--about the priorities established by them to communicate with their neighbors and the skills that they believe to have acquired playing this game. 85.7% of them state that they communicate with others to share strategies and expand their city. Unlike women, who value collaboration, men prioritize competition. Designing their city has enhanced a number of gamer skills in different proportions: creative skills (71.4%); organizational ones (68.0%); skills associated with decision-making and problem-solving (67.0%); and interpersonal skills through interaction with others (61.9%). The CityVille game mode favors skill development and helps to create a ludic atmosphere of collaboration and optimal strategy exchange through communication between neighbors by strengthening their mutual relationships. Its formula moves away from the often-criticized competitive practices of other games.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the broad background of English language education in Brazil, this paper intends to discuss two questions. Firstly, where and why a common misconception about ESP being identified as the teaching of reading only originated, and secondly, given the social role of English in the Brazilian context, whether an ESP approach can be seen as more suitable than a General English (GE) approach as a theoretical background for curriculum planning and classroom practice in English general education. How can these two questions be related? This paper will discuss how and why what started as a misconception in relation to a specific context might be seen as a possible solution for making the teaching-learning of English more meaningful in general education. For the discussion, data will be drawn both from the National ESP Project and from teachers' reactions to the proposal in the National Parameters.

This paper focuses on online educational sessions of a continuing teacher education programme. The aim of this programme is to give a contribution to the continuing education of teachers of English as critical professionals, aware of discursive classroom practices, able to analyze them in the light of objectives to be reached and knowledge to be constructed. The paper gives a detailed account of how teachers deal with central issues in face to face reflective sessions and online interactive discussions and shows the results of a pilot intervention aiming at helping teachers develop more reflective and critical perspectives.

Global demand for crops will continue increasing over the next few decades to cover both food and biofuel needs. This demand will put further pressure to expand arable land and replace natural habitats. However, we are only beginning to understand the combined effects of agrochemicals and land‐use change on tropical freshwater biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed how pond‐dwelling anuran larvae responded to pond characteristics, landscape composition, and agrochemical contamination in a sugarcane‐dominated agroecosystem in Brazil. Then we used an information theoretical approach with generalized linear models to relate species richness and abundance to predictor variables. The variation in tadpole abundance was associated with both agrochemical concentration (e.g., ametryn, diuron, and malathion) and landscape variables (e.g., percentage of forest, percentage of agriculture, and distance to closest forest). The relationship between species abundance and agrochemicals was species‐specific. For example, the abundances of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus nattereri were negatively associated with ametryn, and Dendropsophus nanus was negatively associated with tebuthiuron, whereas that of Leptodactylus fuscus was positively associated with malathion. Conversely, species richness was associated with distance to forest fragments and aquatic vegetation heterogeneity, but not agrochemicals. Although we were unable to assign a specific mechanism to the variation in tadpole abundance based on field observations, the lower abundance of three species in ponds with high concentrations of agrochemicals suggest they negatively impact some frog species inhabiting agroecosystems. We recommend conserving ponds near forest fragments, with abundant stratified vegetation, and far from agrochemical runoffs to safeguard more sensitive pond‐breeding species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent outbreaks of Verticillium wilt diseases in various vegetable crops have been reported in Brazil. This fact was our initial stimulus to carry out a nationwide survey aiming to determine their causal agent(s). Thus far, Verticillium dahliae has been reported as the predominant species based solely on morphological traits. As other Verticillium species can be associated with wilt diseases, we characterized a collection of 80 isolates, collected across 10 agricultural Brazilian regions, by combining morphological, biological, and molecular traits. A multilocus approach was employed for identification of Verticillium species with information from three genomic regions (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and actin genes). Only 21 out of the 80 isolates were unable to produce microsclerotia in culture. The analyses of all genomic regions indicated V. dahliae as the sole species associated with vascular wilt of distinct hosts, including major solanaceous vegetables and other hosts such as strawberry, okra, and cacao. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the infection by the V. dahliae isolates and the development of typical disease symptoms on their original hosts. This is the first nationwide characterization of Verticillium isolates associated with major vegetable crops in Neotropical areas. This provides valuable information to design sound management strategies for these diseases, mainly for establishing efficient rotation systems and for the development of resistant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR=1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR=1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR=1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR=1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR=1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR=1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection in a live-stranded adult female killer whale (Orcinus orca), which stranded alive in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in 2014. Although attempts were made to release the animal, it stranded again and died. The main pathological findings were severe pulmonary oedema, pleural petechiation, multifocal, lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis and leptomeningomyelitis with perivascular cuffing and gliosis, chronic lymphocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia and multicentric lymph node and splenic lymphoid depletion. Other pathological findings were associated with the 'live-stranding stress response'. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed multifocal morbilliviral antigen in neurons and astrocytes, and in pneumocytes, histiocytes and leukocytes in the lung. CeMV was detected by a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method in the brain and kidney. Phylogenetic analysis of part of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is similar to the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) morbillivirus strain, known to affect cetaceans along the coast of Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of morbillivirus disease in killer whales. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Display omitted] • We estimated recruitment after logging using a transition matrix model and an individual-tree model. • Tree recruitment was adequately predicted by the two evaluated models. • Predicting recruitment is important for estimating the future development of forests. • The DII BAL (Basal Area of Larger trees) index more accurately estimates the mortality of recruited trees. Recruitment models in rainforests are important for studies on forest management sustainability and can guide the assessment of remaining stocks and timber harvesting. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate recruitment after Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) by using two categories of models: a distance-independent individual-tree model (ITM) and a matrix model of forest dynamics or transition matrix (TMM). Data from continuous inventories conducted in a Dense Ombrophilous Forest in Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil, were utilized. Two transects of 9 ha each were installed at an area with Reduced Impact Logging, the data was collected in 2005 (nine months after logging), then in 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Considering a period of 8 years after RIL, the individual tree-based model and transition matrix give consistent predictions of the recruitment in the study area. However, we observed slight superiority by the ITM, which presented values closer to the real ones for the total number of trees per hectare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss the development of a continuing education course for health care professionals to provide competent healthcare assistance to the Brazilian LGBT+ population and the implementation of this course using a m-Health solution. There is a scarcity of continuing education courses in the Brazilian context that update provides evidenced-informed education to ensure health care professional competence in the delivery of health care to LGBT+ individuals. Based on Bloom's taxonomy, with a main focus on the cognitive domain, the course "Ally: A Holistic Approach to the LGBT+ Individual'' was developed in five months. This was based on the Nurse's Health Education for LGBT Seniors (HEALE), the Curriculum Implementation and Institutional Climate manual, Changes to Improve Healthcare for LGBT People, Gender Nonconforming or Born with DSD" and the National Comprehensive Health Policy for LGBT+ People, among others. Comprising six modules: i) human sexuality; ii) equitable care and appropriate terminology; iii) public health policy for the LGBT+ population; iv) cultural skills for health professionals; v) aging and health care for the LGBT+ population; and vi) mental health of LGBT+ people. Content validity indexing was established using an expert panel and was Ally was supported by a m-Health Solution called "Over the Rainbow'' and totals of 60 h of education. This m-Health solution and continuing education course for health professionals can be an opportunity to change health professionals' practice to offer more equitable health care for the LGBT+ population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precision agriculture relies on site-specific interventions determined by the spatial variability of factors driving plant growth. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of variable-rate seeding of corn ( Zea mays L.) with delineated management zones. This study involved two experiments carried out in Não-Me-Toque, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the first experiment, carried out in 2009/2010, management zones were delineated by the farmer's knowledge of the crop field. The field was split into low (LZ), medium (MZ) and high (HZ) crop performance zones. In the second experiment, carried out in 2010/2011, management zones were delineated by overlaying standardized yield data from nine crop seasons (seven of soybean and two of corn). The experiment was carried out with a randomized block design with three management zones and five corn seeding rates ranging from 50 000 to 90 000 seeds per ha. The soil was a Rhodic Hapludox with a subtropical climate. Optimization of the corn plant population within the field increased grain yield compared to the reference plant population (70 000 plants ha). Yield increases in the LZ, due to corn plant population reduction in relation to the target population, were 1.20 and 1.90 Mg ha for first and second experiments, respectively. This resulted in economic gains of 19.8 and 28.7 %, respectively. Yield increases in the HZ were 0.89 and 0.94 Mg ha, respectively, and were due to an increase in plant population in relation to the target population. This resulted in economic gains of 5.6 and 6.6 % for the first and second experiments, respectively. In the MZ, the adjustment of the target plant population was not necessary. Optimizing corn population according to management zones is a promising tool for precision agriculture in Southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Brasileira em Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada is the property of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada Journal (Brazil) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a series of four analysis papers from a meeting of the Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLASCO), discussing the transition to democracy in Paraguay after the overthrow of Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner in 1989. The political, cultural, social, and economic dimensions of the transition from authoritarianism to democracy are explored in Paraguay and compared to similar processes in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile.

Objective: This study was conducted to test the performance characteristics of cervical cancer screening by visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid and iodine solution.Methods: A total of 100 women were screened for cervical cancer by Pap smear and naked eye inspection of the cervix after application of acetic acid and iodine solution.Results: Comparing visual inspection to the Pap test, a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 78.5%, and concordance of 79% (p < .0011) was established. Comparing the Pap test with colposcopy, the corresponding figures were 42.9%, 92.3%, and 66.6% (p < .077), respectively. Visual inspection compared to colposcopy showed corresponding figures of 100%, 7.7%, and 55.5% (p = .48), respectively. Colposcopy and biopsy had an agreement of 100%.Conclusions: Visual inspection with acetic acid and iodine solution proved to be a reasonable method of screening for cervical cancer precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Natural regeneration recovers biomass stocks. • Silvicultural systems influences aerial biomass. • Forest fires reduces biomas of fire-sensitive species. The Brazilian Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and its natural landscapes have undergone transformations, due in large part to anthropic activities. However, little is known about the effects of these activities on the natural regeneration of Cerrado vegetation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of woody biomass in an area of a Cerrado sensu stricto that was monitored for 27 years after the implementation of six silvicultural systems. A period of 17 years was sufficient for the woody community of the Cerrado sensu stricto to naturally recover its original stock of aerial biomass after the application of silvicultural systems. A Few woody species contribute to the total aerial biomass accumulated over time, and such contribution is variable with time and with the type of silvicultural system. At 27 years after cutting, the largest fraction of biomass accumulated in the area were represented by the species Miconia leucocarpa , Blepharocalyx salicifolius , Schefflera macrocarpa , Qualea grandiflora , Dalbergia miscolobium , Eriotheca pubescens , Qualea parviflora and Caryocar Brasiliense , which also demonstrated higher fire resistance. A period of 17 years after the implementation of silvicultural systems is considered sufficient for an area to recover naturally to the original stock of woody biomass at the community level. This result causes a greater reduction in the biomass of fire-sensitive species and transforms a Cerrado from a carbon sink into a source of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) from Argentina, Mexico and Brazil, and to assess factors associated with mortality in this population., Methods: Data from 3 national registries, SAR-COVID (Argentina), CMR-COVID (Mexico), and ReumaCoV-Brasil (Brazil), were combined. Adult patients with IMIDs and SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, IMID clinical characteristics and treatment, and SARS-CoV-2 infection presentation and outcomes were recorded., Results: A total of 4827 individuals were included: 2542 (52.7%) from SAR-COVID, 1167 (24.2%) from CMR-COVID, and 1118 (23.1%) from ReumaCoV-Brasil. Overall, 82.1% were female with a mean age of 49.7 (SD, 14.3) years; 22.7% of the patients were hospitalized, and 5.3% died because of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Argentina and Brazil had both 4% of mortality and Mexico 9.4%. In the multivariable analysis, older age (≥60 years; odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-12.4), male sex (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1), living in Mexico (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.0-4.4), comorbidity count (1 comorbidity: OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1), diagnosis of connective tissue disease or vasculitis (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4), and other diseases (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.1) compared with inflammatory joint disease, high disease activity (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.5-7.0), and treatment with glucocorticoids (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5) or rituximab (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.7-6.6) were associated with mortality., Conclusions: Mortality in patients with IMIDs was particularly high in Mexicans. Ethnic, environmental, societal factors, and different COVID-19 mitigation measures adopted have probably influenced these results., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)